直接引语变间接引语口诀详解

1、直接引语变间接引语 以及if条件句口诀人称，时态，状语始终变一主二宾三不变时态向后退一格状语变化见表格陈述that 可省略一般疑问用if(whether)特殊疑问去助动以上语序为陈述祈使句选动词（tell,ask,order，beg）将它改为不定式详解人称变化一主She said. "My brother wants to go with me tomorrw. "She said her brother wanted to go with her the next day.二宾Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack to

2、ld me that I looked worried that day.三不变 The teacher asked,”Has she read enough this week?” The teacher asked if she had read enough that week.陈述that 可省略She said. "I have a pen."She said that she had a pen.She asked me , “ what is it?” She asked me what it was.一般疑问用if(whether)She asked me

3、, “Do you like watching TV? ” She asked me whether I liked w watching TV.特殊疑问去助动They asked: “ where do you come from?” They asked where you came from.附表：时间状语、地点状语、指示代词和动词的变化： 直接引语间接引语时间状语nowtodaytonighttomorrowyesterdaythis week(month, year)last week(month, year)next week(month, year)three days(mont

4、hs years)agothenthat daythat nightthe next daythe day beforethat week(month, year)the week(month, year)beforethe next week(month, year)three days(months years)before地点状语herethere指示代词thisthesethatthose动词comebringgotake强化训练Exercise one ( )1 He often says,” I shall tell you about them.” He often tells

5、me that _ will tell_ about_.A.I; you; them B.he;me; them; C.he; you; us D. I; me; you ( )2Im not sure _.A what is his name. B)what his name is. C) his name is what D)whats his name ( )3 I asked him how much_.A does his new car cost B)did his new car costC) his new car costed D)his new car cost ( )4)

6、I dont know _.A where does he live B)where did he live C) where he lives D)he lives where( )5)I didnt know_.A what she said B)what did she sayC) what she spoke D)what was she speaking( )6)I dont know_.A when he will come back B)when will he come backC)when does he come back D)when did he come back(

7、)7)Could you tell me where _ now?A)you are living B) do you live C)you live D)did you live( )8)He didnt know _he should go or not.A)if B) weather C)that D)whetherExercise two 不同句式练习陈述句1)She says,”I am a teacher.”She says 2)She said,”I am a teacher.”She said 一般疑问句1)“Are you from Japan?”he says to me.

8、 He ( ) me 2)“Are you from Japan?”he said to me. He ( ) me 特殊疑问句3)“When does the train arrive?” Please tell me. Please tell me 4)“When does the train arrive?” Please told me. Please told me 祈使句/请求1)“Dont make any noise.”Mother says to Tom.Mother ( ) Tom 2)“open the window.” Mr Li said to me. Mr Li (

9、 ) me 3)“Would you like to show me your book?” Kate says to me. Kate ( ) me Exercise three 把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般现在时1)“We go to school on Saturday.”They say 2)“I want to give your sister a Christmas card.” Kelly says 3)“I will visit my daughter in March.”He says 4)She says, “Im glad to meet you.” She te

10、lls us 把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般过去时5)“I am a teacher.” He said 6)“We are at the coffee shop.” They said 7)“I dont have any books about animals.” Rik told Annie 8)“The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said Exercise four把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般现在时1)I really dont know.“Did they go to the park yesterday?” I

11、really dont know 2)The principal wants to know.“Do the students study hard?” The principal wants to know 把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般过去时3)They wondered.“Shall we buy some food for picnic?” They wondered 4)“Is your mother a doctor or not?” Lucy asked me. Lucy asked me Exercise five把直接引语变成间接引语(特殊疑问句)一般现在时1)Ja

12、ck wants to know.“Where does your cousin live?”Jack wants to know 2)Do you know. “Whose book is it?” Do you know 直接引语变成间接引语(特殊疑问句)一般过去时3)“What do you want?” Sally asked me. Sally asked me 4)“How much sugar shall we put in a cake?” She knew. She knew Exercise six把下列句子改成间接引语方法:首先区别句子,然后决定引导词/语序/时态/人称1

13、)Dont drink too much.The doctor said to me. 2)We go to school on Saturday. They said. 3)How can I get to the park? Can you tell me. 4)Is your mother a worker? She asked me. 5)Does Mary study hard? He wants to know. 6)Please open the window. The teacher said to Tom. 7)Ice gets into water when its ove

14、r zero. I learned. 8)What time did he get up? Please tell us. 9)Do you go to school on foot? I said to Mike. 10)Will you go shopping with me? Miss Li asked me. 11.The teacher said to his class, "Don't waste your time!" 12.She said to her son, "Don't forget to turn off the ligh

15、t when you leave the room!" 13.His father said to him, "Think, before you do it!" 14.The teacher said to his students, "Tell briefly in your own words how penicillin was discovered." 15.The leader said to him, "Please write your report as short as possible." 16.He

16、said to me, "Let me have a look at the book you bought." 17.He said, "I am proud of my motherland." 18.John said, "I wrote back telling him about it yesterday." 19.I said, "I will give her some advice tomorrow." 20."You are wasting your time day-dreaming!

17、" he said to Mary. 21."You have already done your duty," he said to her. 22.Mary wrote in her letter, "Mr. Liu, when will you come to America?" 23."Don't risk your lives, men!" the captain warned. 24."I'll be very busy today," said the man. 25.She

18、 said, "We have worked on the school farm for two weeks." 26.He said, "I'm reviewing my lessons." 27.They said, "We arrived this morning." 28.She said to me, "Have lunch with us."11 The teacher told his class not to waste their time. 12 She told her son no

19、t to forget to turn off the light when he leaves the room 13 His father told him to think before he does it. 14 The teacher told his his students to tell briefly in their own words how penicillin had been discoverd . 15 The leader told him to write his report as short as possible. 16 He told me to l

20、et him have a look at the book I had bought. 17 He said that he was proud of his motherland 18 John said that he had written back telling him about it the day before. 19 I said that I would give her some advice the next day. 20 He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming 21 He told her t

21、hat she had already done her duty 22 Mary wrote in her letter that when Mr.Liu would come to America 23 The captain warned not to risk your lives. 24 The man said that he would be very busy the day 25 She said that they had worked on the school farm for two weeks 26 He said that he was reviewing his

22、 lessons 27 They said that they had arrived that morning 28 She told me to have lunch with them1直接引语是陈述句时，若变成间接引语，结构上是将原先的单独一个句子变成一个宾语从句。【例如】He said，“I can speak English”这句话变成间接引语则是：He said that he could speak English原先的单独一句I can speak English变成了that he could speak English作said的宾语了2祈使句去掉主语，动词用原型【例如】

23、You can't stay in this room.Don't stay in this room 3以疑问词who，what，when，which，why，where，whose，how等引导的问句都叫特殊疑问句【例如】she is playing football改为what does she do？这个范围很广的，改为一般疑问句则是一般把she和is颠倒位置，I can之类的也改can I【例如】Is she playing football 总之，这些句式变化很多，很难在一下子学会，需要自己悟出道理啊 回答者： crazycenter | 三级 | 2009-7-7

24、 23:49 这个我无法用语言表述，你举点例子或者我可以帮你。其实我觉得你这样记本来就不是办法，你应该结合语感，然后稍微记住规律就好。毕竟语言最重要的是表述，而不仅仅是那框条的语法。 回答者： 点都见空 | 三级 | 2009-7-7 23:51 拉丁语语法名词，又叫间接引述，英文为 indirect statement。指用在表述意见的动词 perception 之后的一种从句，这种从句并非由主语直接叙述出来，而是通过第三人转述的。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，当直接引语为祈使句，陈述句，疑问句被转换成间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，时间，时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。如：他们说：“

25、皇帝死后将成为神。” 直接引语 Dixere:"Augustus post mortem deum factus erit."他们说，那个皇帝死后将成为神。间接引语 Dixere Augustum post mortem deum faciendum esse.间接引语中，引语的主语要使用宾格，动词要使用不定式，不定式的时态取决于引语动词发生的时间与主句动词时间的先后性，不定式的性、数取决于间接引语的主语（如前所述，只用宾格）。如：Consules sentiunt servos non esse liberandos. 执政官们认为奴隶们不该被释放。主句动词是认为：sen

26、tiunt ，时态是现在时。间接引语中的动词是不定式 liberandos esse，是将来时，因为“被释放”的动作是发生在主句动词“认为”之后的。liberandos 的性（阳性）、数（复数）与间接引语的主语servos 保持一致。Fama erat patrem meum interfectum esse; fratrem autem etiam vivere. 曾有消息说，我的父亲遭杀害；而我的一个兄弟仍活着。这里有两句间接引语。前面一句的动词是 interfectum esse，是不定式的完成时，表示“被杀害”的动作是发生在fama erat 消息到来之前的；后一句的动词是 viver

27、e， 是不定式的现在时，表示“活着”这个动作与消息到来同步。思路分析如下解题过程直接引语和间接引语详解 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ “标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢? 1、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” >H

28、e said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.> My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如： She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” > Sh

29、e said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” > He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，

30、具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。 2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时过去完成时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. > She said she was very glad to visi

31、t our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” > Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” > Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall

32、 I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” > He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. > The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” >

33、; Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” > Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” > He said that he had

34、n't heard from his parents those days. 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” >He always says that he is tired out. 2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” >He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的

35、过去时间状语时，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” >He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” > He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自

36、然现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” > Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” >He said that practice makes perfect. 7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought

37、 to, used to, need时，如： 例如： The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” > The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.”> He said that she must be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”> He said that she ough

38、t to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”> The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”> She asked if she had to take the medicine. 注：此处用ha

39、d to代替must更好 8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如： Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性

40、的指示代词和动词变化 1）时间状语： 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 now （then）； tomorrow （the next / following day ）today (that day）； next week （the next / following week / month / year） yesterday（the day before） two days ago（ two days before ）last week /month/ year (the week/month/ year before) this week/month/year (that week/

41、month/ year) 2）指示代词：these 变成those 3）地点状语：here变成there She said, “I won't come here any more.”> She said that she wouldnt go there any more. 4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take 5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. tha

42、t，不可直接说told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” >He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”> He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that） 此外主句中的谓语还常有： repeat, whisper, answer, reply

43、, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如： He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic. 如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。 The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”> The do

44、ctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon. 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”> He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He s

45、aid, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”> He asked whether I was interested in English. 3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”> He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”>

46、; I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如： He asked，“What's your name?”> He asked（me）what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”> He asked us how many car factorie

47、s had been built in our country. 5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如： He said，“Be seated, please.”> He asked us to be seated. “Do be careful with your handwriting.” He

48、said. > He told me to be careful with my handwriting. “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. > The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. “Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. > The teacher warned the students not to touch any

49、thing in the lab without permission. 6）有些含有“建议”>、“劝告”>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如： He said, “Let's have a rest.”> He suggested our having a rest. He said, “Let me help you.”> He offered to help me. 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to

50、do sth. 等形式转述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. >He asked me to open the door. “Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. > He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk. 8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!”>

51、; She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.嵌套间接引语的从句：如果间接引语当中还镶嵌有另一句从句，则被称为嵌套间接引语的从句，英文叫：the subordinate clause in indirect statement。这时，这样的从句要使用虚拟语气。从句动词的时态与主句动词的时态相关联。如：Dux dicebat militem qui fugisset poenas daturum esse. 统帅曾常说，那个逃跑的士兵将要受到惩罚。qui fugisset逃跑 是一句关系从句，修饰m

52、ilitem “士兵”，由于处在dicebat 说后面的间接引语当中，因此需使用虚拟语气。间接引语的动词是不定式 daturum esse将受到，为将来时，因为动作发生在主句动词“说”之后，而 fugisset 逃跑为虚拟语气的过去完成时，表示在统帅“说话”之前已经逃走了。 如何把直接引语变间接引语“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "She said her brother wanted to g

53、o with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"Mr Smith said Jack was a g