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1、省略to的动词不定式用法归纳一、使役动词与to的省略当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如:Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如:他被迫一天工作20小时。误:He was made work twenty hours a day.正:He was made to wor
2、k twenty hours a day.注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。另外注意,force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如:They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。考例:1.The teacher forbade _ our seats. A.us to leave B.us leaving C.to leave D.to leavi
3、ng2.Mary had her friend _ the best one. A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose3.The girl was made _ she didnt love at all. A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry with a man D.married with a man二、感觉动词与to的省略当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如:
4、We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时,则不能省略to。如:They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如:They were heard to
5、 break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。另外,若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式,则通常应带 to。如:I noticed her to have come early.我注意到她来得很早。考例:She told that she heard someone for help last nightA.to call B. call C.called D.calling三、在had better、would rather、maymight as well、rather than等搭配之后,动词不定式也不带to。例如:If you'd
6、 rather be alone,we'1l a11 leave here如果你宁愿独自呆着那我们都离开这儿。You might as well go without her你们还是小带她去为好。(考例)1.Youd better _ when you come in. A.not to wake up me B.not to wake me upC.not to wake up me D.not to wake me up2.“How about a drink?” “Id rather _ something to eat.” A.have B.to have C.had D.ha
7、ving四、在介词but,except之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“不得不,只能”。例如:He does nothing but watch TV all day long他整天除了看电视无所事事、I have no choice but to accept the fact我别无选择只有接受这个事实。(考例)Sandy could do nothing but_to his teacher that he was wrongA.admit B.admittedC.admitting D.tO admit五、以why或why not开头引起
8、的无主语中,动词不定式要省略to。Why argue with him?为什么要和他争辩呢?Why not tell me aboutit in time?为什么不及时告诉我这个问题?(考例)I usually go there by train.Why not_by boat for a change?A.to try going B. trying to goC. to try and go D. try going六、在主语以what、a11、the only thing等开头的包含行为动词do的句子中,作为主语补足语的不定式 常可省略to。The only thing you can
9、do is wait and see,你唯可做的只有等待和观望了:All l can do is help you finish the work on time我能做的所有事情就是帮你按时完成工作。(考例)At present the best thing you should do is_another job,A.1ook for B1ooks forC.Iooked for D.1ooking for七、为-了避免重复,由and或or连接两个不定式时,般可以省略第二个不定式符号to。例如:工m really puzzled what to think or say我真不知道该怎么想和怎
10、么说。We want to swim and climb the hills next Saturday我们下个星期六想游泳、爬山。(考例)The captain decided to send his car there and_at once,A.pick them up B.pick up themC.picked them up D.picked up them注:如果前后两个不定式在意义上有对比关系时,不定式符号to不能省略。例如:I came not to scold,but to praise you.我来不是批评你,而是表扬你的。八、一些含有but的固定搭配短语如cant he
11、lp but, cant choose but, can not but, can but等结构中,后面跟不带to的动词不定式。例如:It rained hard,so they couldnt choose but stay at home.雨下得很大,他们只得待在家里。The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick。那个老太太人只能拄着拐杖慢慢地朝前走。(考例)1.I cannot but_your decisionA.admire B.to admireC.admired D.admires2Hearing the inspiring ne
12、ws, we couldnt help but_.A.cheer B.cheeringCto cheer Dcheered九、在make believe(假装)、make do(将就),let go (放开)、hear saytell(听人说起)、let fly(发射)、let fall (掉落)、leave go(放开)等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。例如:The man made believe that he was a policeman,那个人装扮成个警察。Have you ever heard tell of such things?你有没有听说过这种事情?Dont let
13、go of the rope别放开绳子。十、在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。例如:Will you help me(to)carry the bag?你能帮我拿这个包吗?CustOoerscriticisms help(to) improve the service work of our shops。顾客的批评意见帮助我们的商店改进服务工作。(考例)She cant hclp_ the house because shes busy making a cake,A.clean B.cleaningC.cleaned D.beinng cleaned特殊例解:1.
14、She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned2.While shopping, people sometimes can not help _ into buying something they dont rea
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