句子成分分析讲义

1、 句子成分分析讲义句子成分的定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语分析下面句子的句子成分：I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. （一）主语主语：句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. 名词She went out in a hurry. 代词Four plus four is eight. 数词To see is to believe. 不定式Smoking is bad for h

2、ealth. 动名词The young should respect the old. 名词化的形容词What he has said is true. 句子练习：找出句中主语1.The sun rises in the east.           2.Twenty years is a short time in history.        3.The poor are now living in the shelter. 4

3、.Seeing is believing.      5.To see is to believe.          6.He likes dancing.    7.What he needs is a book.8.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （二）谓语谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征一、简单谓语:由动词或成语动词组成

4、。凡是由一个动词构成谓语的，不管是什么状态、语态、语气，都属于简单谓语。I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.She will be leaving for Hong Kong on April 3rd.He has been designing a new plane model.二、复合谓语1：由情态动词或助动词+动词构成He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing 2： 系动词+表语构成The prospects looked

5、 excellent.It sounds a good idea.His hair turned grey in a few weeks.She is growing restless.易误用作及物动词的几个不及物动词：误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事误：knock the door 正：knock on at the door 敲门误：operate sb. 正：ope

6、rate on sb. 为某人做手术误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物 误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠某人、某物误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信及物与不及物动词练习：1. No matter how much youve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _ the p

7、eople heart and soul.A. serve B. serve for C. serve to D. serve on2. The pupil _ his right hand, obviously hoping to _ to answer the teachers question.A. rose rise B. raised rise C. rose raise D. raised raise练习：找出句中谓语1.The space shuttle will be launched at 5p.m.2.I suggest that the game be cancelled

8、.3.Share prices have picked up recently.4.The windows of our bedroom looked out upon the lawns.5.I can explain this sentence.6.He must have arrived by air.7.Roses smell sweet.8.He felt troubled and distressed.9.I am happy. (三)宾语宾语：动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. 名词She didn't say a

9、nything. 代词How many do you want? - I want two. 数词They sent the injured to hospital. 名词化的形容词They asked to see my passport. 不定式I enjoy working with you. 动名词Did you write down what he said? 句子I find this weather very trying. 复合结构作宾语（复合宾语） He gave me some books. 双宾语（双宾动词后+间接宾语+直接宾语）练习：找出句子的宾语1. Fasten y

10、our seatbelts, please.2. Give me some.3. Let me have one or two.4. Respect the old and cherish the young.5. Stop acting like a child.6. He tried not to offend her.7. He had his passport visaed for South Korea.8. I dont understand what you mean.9. please pass me the book.10. He bought his girlfriend

11、some flowers. （四）表语表语：在系动词后的部分就是表语That remains a puzzle. 名词The war was over. 副词They seem to know the truth. 不定式Time is precious. 形容词Im not quite myself today. 代词I dont feel at ease. 介词短语They are twice the size of chickens. 词组Thats where we differ. 句子（从句）My aunts hobby is growing roses. 动名词My daughte

12、r is sixteen next month. 数词练习：找出句子中的表语1. He proved a trustworthy friend.2. Sales are down.3. All you have to do is to press this button.4. He has done mad.5. Its something to be home again without an accident.6. The Conservatives(保守党)were once more in power.7. That would be a great weight off my min

13、d.8. Money is what they are after.9. His first job had been selling home computers.10. Mike was third.系动词的类别：1）状态系动词 be动词 Eg: He is a teacher.2）持续系动词 keep, remain, stay Eg: He always kept silent at the meeting. 3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, Eg: He looks tired. 4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste Eg: Thi

14、s kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. Eg: He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意 Eg: The rumor proved false. 注意：系动词不用于被动语态. （五）定语 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is a clever boy. 形容词His father works in a steel factory. 名词Do you know

15、Bettys sister? 名词所有格There are 54 students in our class. 数词Whose child is it? 代词He bought some sleeping pills. 动名词His spoken language is good. 分词（短语）She was quiet for days to come. 不定式Who is that girl with a pigtail? 介词短语Is there anything I can do for you? 从句定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常

16、后置The girl in red is his sister.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?练习：找出句子中的定语1. Hes a kind man.2. Help yourself to some fish.3. There are twenty students in our class.4. These are the roads leading to the beach.5. The girl in red is very beautifu

17、l.6. She is a girl everyone likes. （六）状语状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an

18、 orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.练习：找出句子的状语1.H e secretly decided to leave the town.2.Being a poor teacher, he cant afford to buy a car.3.It being a holiday, the library isnt open.4.We can send a car over to fetch you.5.Im going there by plane.6.We sat down on

19、the grass. （七）宾语补足语宾补：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand. （八）同位语 同位语：位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和

20、情况 We young people should respect the old. 名词He himself will do the experiment. 代词He is the oldest among them four. 数词He told me the news that our team won the game. 从句练习：找出句子中的同位语。1. She is my niece Maria.2. You girls are much more active than us boys.3. You three sit here.4. There is a rumour that

21、 you have resigned.(九)练习练习：说出斜线部分的句子成分。1、You should study hard. 状语2、The teacher got very angry. 表语3、The boy told me his story. 间宾+直宾4、We elected him our monitor. 宾语+宾补5、I told him to open the window. 宾语+宾补6、We watched the train leaving the station. 宾语+宾补句子类型句子种类两种分类法：一、按句子的用途可分四种：1、陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. She didnt hear of you before.2、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3、祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class.4、感叹句：How clever the boy is!二、按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。1、简单句：只有一个