初中一年级形容词的比较级与最高级讲解以及习题_百度文库

1、 初中一年级形容词的比较级与最高级讲解以及习题比较级的构成一、形容词级的构成1. 单音节形容词的比较级以及以 -ly, -er, -ow结尾的形容词在词尾加 -er ;以 e 结尾的形容词在词尾直接加 -r 构成。 darkdarker; quickquicker; earlyearlier; clevercleverer; simplesimpler; narrown arrower 。(1单音 节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加 er 或 est :bright _ _; 以不发音的 e 字母结尾的加 r, 或 st :large; 以辅 音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 I 加 er 或 es

2、t:easy; 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加 er 或 est: big 以 er , ow 结尾的双音节词加 er 或 est:clever slow2. 多音节形容词的比较级在其前加 more 构成。 importantmore important; beautifulmore beautiful 。3. 表语形容词以及由分词变来的形容词,在其前加 more 构成。 afraid more afraid; interestingmore interesting; pleasedmore pleased。4. 少数形容词的比较级是不规则的:good, well;

3、bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; old;5. 部分形容词本身表示最高级,因此他们没有比较级和最高级形式:favourite round注:只有少数形容词和副词有两种比较级和最高级形式:clever old far原级比较1. 由 “ . as + 形容词 + as. ” 或 “ . as + 形容词 + 名词 + as. ” 构成。My grandpa is as energetic as a young man.Exercise is as useful a way as any other to lose unwanted weight.

4、I try to find as much information as I can about what happened.2. 由 “ . not so (as + 形容词 + as. ” 或 “ . not so (as + 形容词 + 名词 + as. ” 构成。 Luckily the weather was not so wet as it is today.不同级比较1. 由 “ 形容词比较级 + than. ” 构成。He is more concerned about others than about himself.2. 由 “ . many / much more +

5、可数 / 不可数名词 + than. ”My friend earned much more money than I did last year.特殊句型1. “ 比较级 +and + 比较级 ” 或 “more and more / less and less + 原级 ” 结构表示 “ 越来越 ” 的意思,与这类结 构搭配的常用动词有 grow, get, become等。She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.As the winter is drawing near, it's getting colder and co

6、lder.2. the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词。Jane is the taller of the two children in our family.3. “the + 比较级 , the + 比较级 ” ,表示 “ 越 ,越 ” 。The more magazines you sell, the more money you will get.4. “ 否定 + 比较级 ” 相当于最高级。 Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you? I couldn't agree more. The idea so

7、unds great to me.5. “a + 比较级 + 名词(than . ” 结构常出现在以 never 构成的完成时态的动词后面。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.6. 倍数表示法:. times as + 形容词原级 + as.;. times + 形容词比较级 + than.;. times the + 性质名词 + of.。The dining hall is three times as large as that one.The dining hall is three times l

8、arger than that one.The dining hall is three times the size of that one.7、 the more. the more. 表示 “ 越 越 ”:The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.The more food you eat, the fatter you are.8、 more and more. 表示 “ 越来 越 ”:More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.

9、Our country is getting stronger and stronger.注意事项1. 为了避免重复 , 常用 the one代替单数可数名词 , the ones, those 代替复数名词 , that 代替单数或不可数名 词。2. 当比较对象属于同一范围时, 需使用 other 来排除自身, 否则会造成与自身相比较的矛盾。 Canada is larger than any other country in North America.4. “no + 形容词的比较级 + than” 结构表达对两者均否定。Don't be proud so early. You

10、are no better than me.5. 比较级前面可以用 even, still, yet , any, much, rather, a little, a lot, by far等修饰语用以加强语气或表示比较 程度。 To tell you the truth, my boyfriend is much older than me.巩固练习:(一 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _brightly_ -_ bably _ _ far_ _quickly _ _ happy_ -_

11、 unhappy_(二 用所给词的正确形式填空:1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever.2. Gold(黄金 is _ (little useful than iron(铁 .3. My sister is two years _ (old than I.4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young child.5. The _ (cheap bags are the not usually the best ones.6. The short one is by

12、 far _ expensive of the five.7. The boy is not so _ (interesting as his brother.8. Dick sings _ (well, she sings _(well than John, but Mary sings_(well in her class.9. She will be much _ (happy in her mew house.10. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive(三 选择填空:1. He feels _ today than yesterda

13、y. A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired2. Which do you like _, coffee, tea or milk?A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst3. Of the two toys, the child chose_.A. the expensive one B. one most expensiveC. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them4. The line is _ than that on

14、e.A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer5. The earth is _ the moon. A. as 49 times big asB. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big asD.as big as 49 times6. The book is _ of the two.A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest7. She looks _ than she does.A

15、. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older8. The garden is becoming _.A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler9. They competed(比赛 to see who could work _.A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better

16、C. fastest and better D. faster and better10._ hurry, _speed.A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little11. This kind of coffee is different _.A. and it is also better B. and better than the otherC. but also than others D. from the other, and better(四 翻译句子:1. 本书跟那本书一样

17、有趣。 This book is _ _ _ that one.2. 你游泳没有你弟弟好。 You cant swim _ _ _ your brother.3. 今天比昨天冷的多。 It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday.4. 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。 This story is _ _ _ than that one.5. 他比我大两岁。 He is _ _ _ than I.6. 这个故事不如那个有趣。 This story is _ _ _ than that one.7. 她的身体状况一天天好起来。 He is getting _ _ _ every

18、 day.8. 他对英语越来越感兴趣。 He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English.9. 他吃的越多,人越胖。 The more he eats, the _ he gets.10. 你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。 Your question is _ _ _ of two.根据句中的关键词答题1. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _.A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest【解析】答案选

19、B 。做此题的关键词是 new ,即把 “ 新来的学生 ” 与 “ 早些时候呆在这儿的学生 ” 进行比较。全 句意为:新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。2. Do you need any help, Lucy? Yes, the job is _ I could do myself. A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than【解析】答案选 B 。做此题要抓的关键词是 yes ,由于答话者对问话者的 “ 你需要帮助吗? ” 作了肯定回答, 说明答话者独自完成工作有困难,故填 more than。3

20、. Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book.A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive【解析】答案选 B 。关键词是句中的 two ,因是两者比较,故用比较级,可将答案锁定在 B 和 C 之间;再根 据句意,排除 C 。通过分析的隐含意思答题1. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me,

21、 love my book.” A. some B. much C. more D. most【解析】答案选 C 。这道题出得非常巧妙,句中既没有显示比较级的关键词,也没有暗示用比较级的 than 。 而是将 “Love me, love my dog” 与 “Love me, love my book” 两句进行比较, 要求考生根据这两句话的内容确定哪句话 更有 wisdom 。2. With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passeng

22、ers.A. good B. better C. best D. the best【解析】答案选 B 。句子大意为:由于铁路提速了,所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因 将 “ 高速公路和航空 ” 与 “ 铁路 ” 比较,故用比较级。3. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. A. good B. better C. best D. well【解析】 B 。题目中将 “ 放入冰箱中冷冻 ” 与 “ 不

23、放入冰箱中冷冻 ” 作比较,故用比较级。句意为:史密斯家人 晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。4. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one.A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known【解析】 C 。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较,故用最高级。根据相关的修饰关系答题1. After two years research, we now have a _ better understandi

24、ng of the disease.A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite【解析】 B 。这四个副词中,通常只有 far 可用于修饰比较。注:quite 有时也可用于修饰比较 better ,但它只 用于表示 “ 身体康复 ” ,不用于其他意义。2. Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too.A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier【解析】 C 。 根据题意可知, 说话者是将 when people do

25、 it together 和 when people dont do it together 这 两种情况比较,故选比较级。注意不要选 D ,因为在此题是要用副词修饰动词,不能用形容词。另外,根据句末 的 higher too 也可知道此题是考查比较级。一、考查比较等级的基本用法1. Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (安徽卷 A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest【解析】答案选 C 。根

26、据句中的 of the two sisters可知,此题涉及的是两者比较,故用比较级;另外,由于是 特指两者中的一个,故其前用定冠词,不用不定冠词。2. Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book. (四川卷 A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive【解析】答案选 B 。因是两者比较,故用比较级,可将答案锁定在 B 和 C 之间;再根据句意,排除 C 。 3. Speaking of all the songs he has

27、written, I think this is probably his _ one. (全国卷 IIA. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known【解析】答案选 C 。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较,故用最高级。二、在语境中考查比较等级的用法1. I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _. (江西卷 A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst【解析】答案选 B 。既然前文说 “ 这不是最

28、最烦人的电影 ” ,那么下文说的肯定就 “ 还有更糟的 ” ,故用 worse 。 有意思的是, 2006年的这道江西卷的考题与下面这道 2004年的湖南卷极为相似:That doesnt sound very frightening. Paul, Ive seen _. What did you like most about the film? (湖南卷 A. better B. worse C. best D. worst由前句 “ 这听起来并不十分令人恐惧 ” 可知,说话人曾见过比这个更令人恐惧的事,所以用比较级 worse 。 2. The new group of students

29、 is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _. (北京卷 A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest【解析】答案选 B 。做此题的关键词是 new ,即把 “ 新来的学生 ” 与 “ 早些时候呆在这儿的学生 ” 进行比较。全 句意为:新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。3. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me,

30、love my book.” (湖南卷 A. some B. much C. more D. most【解析】答案选 C 。由于是将 “Love me, love my dog” 与 “Love me, love my book” 进行比较,故用比较级。此题 的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现 than ,而是给出两个待比较的 proverb 。4. With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers. (江苏卷 A. good B. b

31、etter C. best D. the best【解析】答案选 B 。句子大意为:由于铁路提速了,所以公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将 “ 公 路和航空 ” 与 “ 铁路 ” 比较,故用比较级。三、考查 “ 否定词 +a+比较级 ” 结构1. Your story is perfect. Ive never heard _ before. (全国卷 IIIA. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one【解析】答案选 C 。 “ 否定词(尤其是 never +a+比较级 ” 的意思是 “ 从来没有 一个更

32、 的 ” ,这类结构 通常可视为在其后省略了一个 than 短语,做题时要注意根据具体的语境作出正确的理解,如:I have never read a better article. 我从未读过(比这篇文章更好的文章(=这是我所读过的最好的文章。 I have never seen a worse film. 我从没看过(比这部电影更糟的电影(=这是我所看过的最糟的电影。本题中的 Ive never heard a better one before的意思是 “ 我从未听到过(比你这个事故更好听的事故 ” 。2. Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes.

33、 Ive never been to _ one before. (四川卷 A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting【解析】 答案选 C 。 Ive never been to a more exciting one before实为 Ive never been to a more exciting one before than this one. 其意为 “ 我从未参加过比这个晚会更令人兴奋的晚会 ” , 即 “ 这是我参加过最令人兴奋的晚会 ” 。 又如: Ive neve

34、r had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。若意思明确,有时可省略 than 结构:He is fine, never better. 他很好,比以往任何时候都好。注意:有时根据不同语法结构的需要,也可能没有不定冠词。如:No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴。中小学个性化辅导专家 I have never drunk better beer. 我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。 四、考查比较等级的修饰语 After two years research, we now have a

35、_ better understanding of the disease. (全国卷 II A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite 【解析】 答案选 B。 这四个副词中， 通常只有 far 可用于修饰比较级。 quite 有时也可用于修饰比较级 better， 注： 但它只用于表示“身体康复”，不用于其他意义。 五、考查相似比较级结构的区别 Do you need any help, Lucy? Yes. The job is _ I could do myself. (福建卷 A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. no