目的论视角下的中英电影字幕翻译-----以《私人订制》为例(共30页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上本科生毕业论文（设计）册作者姓名：游欢指导教师：宋润娟所在学部：外语学部专 业：英语专业班级（届）：2015届11班二一五年五月十日学位论文原创性声明本人所提交的学位论文目的论视角下的中英电影字幕翻译以<私人订制>为例，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的原创性成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包括任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 论文作者（签名）： 指导教师确认（签名）： 年 月 日 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解河北师范大学汇华学院有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交学位

2、论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权河北师范大学汇华学院可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。（保密的学位论文在 年解密后适用本授权书） 论文作者（签名）： 指导教师（签名）： 年 月 日 年 月 日 本科生毕业论文设计 目的论视角下的中英电影字幕翻译-以私人订制为例学部：外语学部专业：英语班级：2011级11班学生：游欢指导教师：宋润娟论文编号：73 C-E Film Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Skopos Theory.-A Case Study

3、 of Personal Tailor ByYou HuanSupervisor: Song RunjuanA ThesisSubmitted to the Foreign LanguagesInstitute in Partial Fulfillment ofRequirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts atHuihua College of Hebei Normal University May 10, 2015专心-专注-专业摘要字幕翻译作为文学翻译的一部分，仍然是一个新的翻译领域。然而，作为重要交际工具，字幕翻译已占据重要地位。在经济全

4、球化趋势逐渐增强的今天，中国电影不仅期望在全球电影市场占有更多份额，同时也承担着对外宣传中国文化的重要使命。为了使外国观众能够观赏中国电影并从中了解中国文化，除了电影配音外，电影字幕成为最重要的沟通手段。如果没有优秀的字幕翻译，影视作品中所要展示传达的精神理念则无法传递给观众，或者传递的信息支离破碎。可见，字幕翻译在沟通不同文化、增强各国人民之间联系方面起着非常关键性的作用。然而，国内目前的字幕翻译存在着良莠不齐的问题，也没有受到足够的重视.本文在目的论视角下研究字幕翻译,目的论认为，翻译是一种有目的的行为，字幕翻译也不例外，它的主要目的是在时间和空间的制约下，向处在特定文化背景的观众最有效地

5、传达电影的相关信息，使其能更好地理解和欣赏电影作品。本文以私人定制这部电影为例，讨论了发生在影片当中的翻译行为策略。本文认为，意译翻译策略对中英电影字幕翻译的影响较大。从跨文化交流的角度来看，由于中外观众知识面和文化背景方面存在着巨大差异，电影翻译工作者应该尽可能帮助观众去理解与一个民族文化有着密切相关的语言现象，包括特色的文化词汇，和习惯与常用的口头语表达等，如果把这些词汇都直译出来，不仅会使译文显得繁复冗长，还会增加国外观众的阅读和理解难度。因此，经过本文研究，意译法是在中英电影字幕翻译中较为普遍与广泛应用的一种翻译策略。关键词：字幕翻译 目的论 翻译策略 意译法 私人定制Abstract

6、Movie subtitling translation is a new field of translation. As an important tool for modern communication, subtitling translation has become quite an important phenomenon in the contemporary world. As globalization speeds up, Chinese films are expected not only to take more market shares in world sc

7、reen-land, but also to shoulder the great responsibility of introducing a splendid Chinese culture. To make English-speaking audience watch Chinese movies and understand it, besides movie dubbing, subtitle translation is an important communicative method. Without good subtitle translation, the messa

8、ge movie sends is difficult for audience to understand, so, subtitle translation plays a very important role in communication between different countries, however, people pay little attention to this field. This paper is the research of subtitle translation from the perspective of Skopos Theories. T

9、he purpose of film subtitle translation is to provide, within the constraints of time and space, a well-translated subtitle which can contribute to a good understanding of what is happening on the screen. This paper takes Personal Tailor as a case, talking about the transitional version and strategy

10、. Based on this thesis, the literal translation is very useful in the C-E film subtitle translation. From the perspective of cross-culture communication, different audience comes from different countries; they should have great different view in the aspect of culture and background. The subtitle tra

11、nslators need to help the target audience to understand linguistic phenomenon about a country or its people, including the distinctive cultural words and the expression of spoken words. If we translate these words directly, it may make the version too long and too difficult to understand. Namely, th

12、e target audience will have difficulty in reading and comprehending the subtitle. Therefore, under the research of this paper, the free translation strategy is the more common and widely used in C-E film translation.Key words: subtitle translation Skopos Theories free translation Personal TailorCont

13、entsAbstract(in Chinese)Abstract (in English).Bibliography.21Chapter I Introduction1.1Film Subtitle Translation1.1.1Definition of SubtitleSubtitle, according to the Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary, refers to the words that translating what is said in the film into another differe

14、nt language and appears at the bottom of the screen. Also, subtitle is used on television to help deaf people.Subtitles to most people, are the words printed or superimposed on a screen in a foreign language to tell the audience. What is being said on the sound track. (Ashen 1994:4398). Jacobson thi

15、nks subtitle is an explanatory of verbal symbols by other languages. Though different views also have something in common and their special aspects. (Jacobson 1959：233）Generally, subtitle can be divided into two classes: Intro-lingual subtitle and inter-lingual subtitle. Intro-lingual subtitle means

16、 that the subtitles are presented to help audiences who are deaf or have difficulties in hearing in the voices. Such as the Southern Fijian Dialect was translated into mandarin Chinese through subtitle. Inter-lingual subtitles are translated subtitle from other language. For example, a Chinese film

17、popular in western countries was added English subtitles at the bottom of screen to help foreign audiences to understand the dialogues in it.This thesis mainly focuses on inter-lingual subtitles. 1.1.2 Features of Subtitle TranslationSubtitle is part of literary translation, different from the other

18、 textual translation. It can be defined as the following points: (a) Instantaneity. The instantaneity of subtitle refers to that the subtitle and dialogue will be presented at the same time. They will disappear soon which gives the audience little time think.(b) Popularity. The audience has differen

19、t background and their level of education also different. The language of subtitle should consider all kinds of the audience. Therefore, the subtitle translator should use the concise language to make the mass audience understand the film.(c) Synchronism. Subtitle must go hand in hand with pictures

20、and sound. The subtitle must be matching with the picture in the translating process. This will involve the transformation of the spoken language and written language which consists of deletion or addition of the source language. So it inevitably will be the condition of the missing information.(d)

21、Without annotation. In the process of literal translation, the translator can add their comments if the readers have questions. But subtitles due to restricted time and space, the translator can not add comments. Because of this, there is no guarantee that subtitles and images and sound synchronizat

22、ion, which will affect audiences understanding of the film by distracting their attentions.1.2 Research SignificanceThis thesis focuses on the Chinese-English translation of film subtitle from the perspective of Skopos Theories. Translation scholars have favored traditional subjects，such as songs an

23、d poetry translation in the literary field. The Chinese subtitle translation is falling behind other countries on the practical operation, theoretical construction and quality controlling. Some readers think the literary translation is the foundation, and other translation is churning out inferior p

24、roducts or less important. （New mark，2001：5-6）And few of them think that the subtitle translations need theoretical guidance. In their opinion, subtitle is a kind of skill rather than an art.In view of neglection of subtitle translation in China, Domestic film subtitle translation always has a long

25、way to go. Firstly, Chinese film has its own unique cultural connotations, in reflecting Chinas splendid culture. Film is as an important way of cultural output. The study of subtitle can promote cultural exchange between China and other western countries. The subtitle translation is a basis. Theref

26、ore, the study of subtitle translation can explore the skills of subtitle translation, improve the quality of the translational works, helping the audience understand the film easily and strengthening the communication of culture. Secondly, the study of subtitle translation in the area of C-E transl

27、ation expedites the development of Chinese film in the external market. To make the world really know about China, needs more promotion of Chinese native films Research on the C-E translation of Chinese film has great significance of spreading Chinese culture as well as the promotion of Chinese film

28、s.1.3 Organization of the Thesis There are four chapters in this thesis. Chapter one is introduction which consists of a general description of the subtitle translation, consisting of its definition, types, and features. The significance of the paper and organizational structure of the thesis are al

29、so included. The second chapter is about the general description of Skopos Theory, including its concepts and three rules in practical translation with some examples chosen in this movie Personal Tailor, in order to analyze and understand the rules. And finally is the application of it in the subtit

30、le translation is talked about. Chapter three is the key of this thesis, it mainly talks about strategies of subtitle translation from the perspective of skopos based on the filmPersonal Tailor. Some authentic examples are taken from the film to be analyzed and categorized. The strategies are omissi

31、on, literal translation, free translation, rewriting, and reduction. Chapter four is the conclusion part, which concludes the introduction of major findings and the limitations and the further study of the research.Chapter II the Analysis of Subtitle Translation under the Guidance of Skopos Theory2.

32、1 Concepts of Skopos TheorySkopos Theory is an approach to translation proposed in the late 1970s and early 1980s by ReissVermeer. Skopos Theory stresses the interactional, pragmatic aspects of translation. Skopos Theories have already been born for more than 30 years, which had been translated into

33、 many foreign languages and spread all over the world. In the late of 1980s, Skopos Theories entered into China and had great affection on Chinas translation studies.Katharina Reiss, who was Vermeers teacher, firstly proposed Skopos Theories in her book Possibilities and Limits of Translation Critic

34、ism. She firstly introduces the functional category into translation criticism, she made the language functions and texture types and translational category associate. Katharina Reiss developed a translation criticized model based on relationship between original and translational function. Conseque

35、ntly, she proposed the prototype of functionalist approach. Reiss thought that translational ways were decided by the main functions of the original texts. Therefore, the suggestions Katharina Reiss gave is that translator should use the certain translational ways according to the text type. Before

36、this, translational circle generally think the equivalents as the primary standards. Reiss considered the integral communicative performance, i.e. conceptual content, linguistic form, and communicative function should be equal to the source text. And the most important is the functional characterist

37、ics should be firstly considered in the practical translation.Hans J. Vermeer (1983), Reiss student, has gone further. He breaks the limits of equivalence-based theory and considers translation (including interpreting) to be a type of transfer where communicative verbal and non-verbal signs are tran

38、sferred from one language into another (other types would include the transfer from pictures to music, or from a blueprint to a building). Based on the principles of actionable theory, in the 1970s, Vermeer tried to bridge the gap between the translation theory and practice. His proposed Skopos Theo

39、ry getting out of domination of source-text-oriented in the study of translation. This theory defines translation as an action which must be accomplished with purpose and consequence based on source text, and this action should be finished by consensus. That is to say the translational action may in

40、volve actions like a consultant giving information. Since any action has an aim, or a purpose, translation as a type of human action is no exception. Then Vermeer uses skopos as the technical term for the aim or purpose of a translation Vermeer (1983b: 49) defines human action as intentional, purpos

41、eful behavior that takes place in a given situation; it is part of the situation at the same time as it modifies the situation. Further, since situations are embedded in cultures, any evaluation of a particular situation, of its verbalized and non-verbalized elements, depends on the status it has in

42、 a particular culture system. Manttari went on with the further research of Skopos Theories. (Holz-Manttari. 1993, 301-320) This theory is also based on the principles of action theory, but Manttari prefers to name translator “message transmitters” (Holz-Manttari. 1993, 301-320), which consist of te

43、xtual material combined with other media such as pictures, sounds and body movements. In her model, translation is defined as “a complex action designed to achieve a particular purpose”. The generic term for the phenomenon is “translational action”. The purpose of translational action is to transfer

44、 messages across culture and language barriers by means of message transmitters produced by experts (Nord. 2001:13). She places special emphasis on the action aspects of the translation process, analyzing the role of the participants (initiator, translator, user, message receiver) and the situationa

45、l conditions (time, place, medium) in which their activities take place.In the early 1990s, Reisss student Christiane Nord had summarized the functionalist theory comprehensively. Christiane Nord had formulated the internal and external factors of text analysis in translation for the first time. Chr

46、istiane Nord also had developed appropriate translation purpose and strategy which is based on prototext function. In her work Translating as a Purposeful Activity, Christiane Nord points out two interdependent limitations to the Skopos model. Nord raises the Loyalty principle of Skopos Theories: th

47、e responsibility translators have toward their partners (initiators, target receivers and original authors) in translational interaction. Loyalty means that the target-text purpose should be compatible with the original authors intentions (Nord, 2001:32). 2.2Three Rules of Skopos Theory 2.2.1 Skopos

48、 RuleSkopos is a Greek word for "aim" or "purpose". "The top-ranking rule for any translation is thus the skopos rule, which means that a translation action is determined by its skopos; that is, the end justifies the means, by Reiss and Vermeer. Vermeer also stresses on many

49、 occasions that the skopos rule is a general rule, and translation strategies and methods are determined by the purpose and the intended function of the target text. Vermeer regarded the skopos rule as the primary one, that is to say a translation action as determined by its skopos. Vermeer (1986: 2

50、0) explains the skopos rule in the following way: Each text is produced for a given purpose and should serve this purpose. The skopos rule thus reads as follows: translate/interpret/speak/write in a way that enables your text/translation to function in the situation in which it is use and with the p

51、eople who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it to function. The use of principle of Skopos rule in translation should be in the target language context and culture, according to the target language recipients expected function types. The purpose of translation action decided the proc

52、ess of the translation action, namely the result determinate method. That is to say, as long as to achieve the intended purpose, the translation is not necessarily equal to the source text. The framework of translation strategy is decided by many factors both within and outside the text. One of them

53、 is address design, which reflects the way that the target text was expected to be accepted. Different translation strategies serve the different purpose. Translation proper, paraphrase and re-editing can concern the different demand of communication.（Hatim，1997：34） In a word, the whole process of translation, including the translation methods and translation strategies, is decided by purpose of translation. Skopos Theory summarized the three kinds of purposes the translation action achieved, namely the purpose of translator, communicative purpose of the translational text, and the purpos