翻译常见词汇与句型

1、一.词汇层次仔细分析四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇。大学生活类required/compulsory course 必修课enrolment/register for 注册graduate school 研究生院instructor辅导老师letter of recommendation 推荐信optional course 选修课take an examination/sit an examination 参加考试oral examination 口试postgraduate 研究生credit学分president 校长dean导师score/ma

2、rk 分数participation 出勤application form 申请表assessment 评估assignment 作业course arrangement 课程安排undergraduate 本科生二.语句层次1. 否定句部分否定句 部分否定句虽然是否定句的形式，但其否定意义只局限于整体的一部分。其形式为：概括词all,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely 和 wholly 等。例: There is a famous proverb saying that（闪光的东西并非都是

3、金子）答案：all that glitters is not gold（本题主要考察部分否定句。该谚语中，that glitters是一个定语从句，修饰前面的 all）完全否定句完全否定句是针对部分否定句而言，这种否定是彻底的。其形式为：no,none等否定词+肯定式谓语，常见的可以用于这一句型的否定意义的词有：no,none,nobody,nowhere,anyhow,neither,never等，在这一句型中，不定代词不能做主语。还有一种形式为all等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的词。例：Cheap as it is,but（我今天无论如何都买不到 ）答案：anyhow I will n

4、ot buy it today（本题主要考察完全否定句，anyhow意思是无论如何都不”）此主题相关如下:I. Don' t you be told that这两本书并非都是有益的 ）2. Although most people like music,（ 但并非人人都想去听音乐会）3. （他的一切计Ml都泡汤了）,so don' tcount on his fulfilling the task ontime.4. He is so excited（他此时此刻的心情是无法用语言来形容的）答案:1. both of the books are not helpful2. eve

5、ryone don ' t want to go to the concert3. All his plan came to nothing4. that none of the words can describe his feelings大学生活类back issues 过期刊物cafeteria自助小餐厅call slip索书单campus校园club俱乐部catalogue 目录current account 现金帐户current issues 本期刊物deposit money in a bank 存钱dining hall 食堂dormitory 宿舍lecture ha

6、ll阶梯教室library card 借书卡overdue and pay a fine 过期存款renew续借shopping mall/center 购物中心society学生团体student union 学生会withdraw/draw cash 取钱二.语句层次1. 否定句双重否定句 其形式一为：主语 +cannot+help/refrain/keep+from+ 动名词。Help from, refrain from, keep from 等词具有抑制，忍住”等否定含义，与cannot等连用，具有双重否定的意义。例: Having won the gold medal,（他禁不住喜

7、形于色）。答案：he could not refrain from showing his pleasure.（本题考察双重否定句，refrain from的意思是 克制，避免”） 其形式二为：主语 +cannot+but/choose but/help but+动词原形。例： （我们别无选择只好另投旅馆住宿），since all the hotels here are with signs“Be Booked Up”.答案： We could not help but look for another one to stay in.（本题考察双重否定句，“cannot help but句型，

8、注意这里but后要用动词原形。） 其形式三为：（There be）no+主语+but+谓语。在此句型中，but是关系代词，即代替前面的名词，又 引导后面的从句，并且具有否定意义。例：He is so devoted to his experiment that（没有人感觉不到他对事业的热爱）。答案：not a man/no man but felt his love to his career（本题考察双重否定句型，“no主语+but+谓语”，no相当于not a或not any）1. （我们忍不住笑起来 ）when he finished the story.2. （人们不能不被他的事迹所感

9、动）after knowing the bachelor has adopted fiveorphans.3. Don ' t always stick to routines ,and you must know没有无例夕卜的规贝U ）。答案:1. We could not help laughing2.One cannot but be moved by his deeds3.there is no rule but has its exceptions交通规则类amber light 黄灯red light 红灯crash撞车cross road十字路drive without

10、license 无证驾驶excessive speed 超速green light 绿灯narrow road 窄路parking place 停车场speed limit速度限制traffic jam 交通拥挤traffic light 红绿灯traffic police 交通警察traffic regulation 交通规则Uzebra stripes 斑马二.语句层次2. 判断句强调判断句 形式一：主语 +be+no/none+other than/but+表语（强调内容）例:Plants which refine crude ores are mind,（通常不是设在开采矿石的国家，而

11、是设在其他国家）。答案：are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are minded.（本题考察强调判断句型主语+be other than ”同时也考察了代词those指代前面出现过的复数名词的用法，those后接了一个定语从句） 形式二：主语 +be+nothing+（else） but/else than/less than+表语例: The rich have their annoyances because有些人除了钱之夕卜一无所有）。答案：someone have nothing

12、 but money（本题考察强调判断句型主语+be+nothing+（else） but ” ,therich意思是 富人”，属于“the形容词"表示一类人或物，表示一类人作主语时，谓语用复数，表示抽象事物时，谓语用单数。 形式三：It is/was+强调部分+that/who+从句例： （做那个实践的正是我父亲 ）in the lab yesterday.答案：It was my father who did the experiment.（本题考察强调判断句型，强调的宾语是the experiment，引导词用who）1. The tall figure that I saw（

13、不是别人，正是我们的校长 ）。2. To everyone ' s surprise,（他只是一味的笑 ）。3. （这正是我父亲做的那个试验）in the lab yesterday.答案：1. was none other than our president2. he did nothing else than laugh3. It was the experiment that my father did（四）观光旅游类check-in登记入住check-out结账离开holiday resort 度假村one-way ticket 单程机票place of sightseein

14、g 浏览胜地room-service客房服务round-trip ticket 来回机票sightseeing tour 观光旅游star-rated hotel 星级饭店tour group 旅游团队tour guide 导游travel service 旅行社tourist attraction 旅游胜地vacation tour度假旅游二.语句层次2判断句（2）正反判断句 形式一一 :主语+be +not+表语 A +but+表语 B例: There are different opinions about the true meaning of life, but most peopl

15、e believe that（生命并不一定要漫长，但是要五彩缤纷）。答案：life is not always long but it must be amazing（本题考察正反判断句，注意but后如果是一个完整的句子，主语一定要和前面的保持一致） 形式二：（It is） not that（who）,but that （who） 例: It is not that I dislike the work,（ 而是我没有时间 ）答案：but that I have no time（本题考察正反判断句，注意 “not thatbut th中的两个that均不能省略）1am badly ill,（

16、不是肉体上，而是精神上 ）。2.It is not heroes who create the people, but the people（仓U造英雄并推动历史向前）。3t is a big joke that（无论何时我听到它都忍不住笑起来）。4. The man who stolen my watch was（不是另U人，正是约翰 ）。答案：1. not bodily, but mentally2, who create heroes and move history onward3can ' t help laughing whenever I hear it4. no oth

17、er than John社会热点类assistant president 总裁助理 advance with times 与时俱进bid for the Olympic Games 申办奥运会birth control计划生育brain drain 人才外流bubble economy 泡沫经济care for senior citizens 关心老年人cost of living maintenance 生活费用comprehensive national power 综合国力compulsory education 义务教育computer crime 电脑犯罪divorce 离婚drop

18、out student 失学儿童eliminate illiteracy 扫盲economic globalization/integration 经济全球化education for all-round development 素质教育二.语句层次2判断句比较判断句 形式一：主语 +be +less/more+表语 A+ than+表语 B例：He does everything with great care but I think （与其说他谨慎，不女口说他是怯懦）。答案：he is more poltroon than cautious.（本题考察比较判断句型“more - than

19、"的用法，它的意思是与其说不如说” more和than后接对称成分） 形式二：主语 +be +not so much+表语 A +as+表语 B例: Judging from his words, we can know that（他不是生病，而是情绪低落）答案：he isn ' So much ill as depressed.（本题考察比较判断句型not so muchas,意思是 不是而是”） 形式三：主语 +be+ rather表语 A+ than+ 表语 B例: He who can recite 500 poems（与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。 ）答案：is ra

20、ther diligent than clever（本题考察比较判断句型“ratherthan "的用法，它的意思是与其说不如说”，和rather than后接对称成分）1. One blind man says that（与其说大象像别的东西，不如说它像一根长矛。）2. Scientists believe that（与其说海洋分隔了世界，倒不如说海洋连接了各国。）3. Experience shows that success is （应更多的归功与热忱而非能力）答案：1. the elephant is more like a spear than anything else2

21、. Oceans don' tso much divide the world as unite it1. （我的所有朋友都不抽烟除了你），so my parents don't want me to stay with yo u.2. We have no need to run after luxury,because （高价格并不一定意味着高品质）3. My teacher always scold us even for making a small mistakethink she doesn't realize that （人人都要缺点。）答案: appli

22、cation form undergraduate catalogue student union1. None of my friends smoke except you2. a high price does not necessarily mean good quality3. there is no man without faults社会热点类Net citizen 网民Off line 下线New Human Being 新新人类Online love affair 网恋Online trading platform 网上交易平台People oriented/ people f

23、oremost 以人为本Pioneering spirit 首创精神Preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境Prime time黄金时段Puppy love 早恋Rate of unemployment 失业率Rural population 乡村人口Self-protection awareness 自我保护意识Self-service ticketing 无人售票Shopping online 网上购物Single parent family 单亲家庭Surf the internet 网上冲浪二.语句层次3倍数表示句型 形式一：主语+be+倍数

24、+that of+被比较对象或as+形容词+as+被比较对象例：By that time we shall（生产的粮食将比 2006年增加了 3倍）。答案：produce four times as much grain as we did 2006（本题考察倍数表达法，倍数表达法要分清是原来的几倍，此题增加了 3倍”即是原来的四倍，另外，asas中间要用形容词原型。） 形式二：主语 +increase/rise/attain+（to）倍数 +compared with+ 被比较对象例: The new buiding ' s area 是旧楼的两倍）。答案： will be atta

25、in to 2 times of the old one（本题考察倍数表达法，of引出比较的对象，one指代前面出现过的building，翻译的时候要顾及到句子的前后，不要只看所要填的部分）。 形式三：主语 +increase+ （ by）百分数 +compare with例：The output of June in our factory（比 5 月份的产量增加了 150%）答案：increase by 150% compared with that of May（本题考察倍数表达法，句型increase by-compared with,tha代指output，that的这种用法在倍数表

26、达句子中常用到。）1. The average income of the staff has been（与去年相比增加了 50%）2. The size of the newly broadened square（是以前的四倍大 ）3. After the new technique was introduced,the factory（2000年能生产的卡车是往年的两答案:1.increased by 50 percent compared with last year2.is four times that of the previous one3. produced twice as

27、many trucks in 2000 as the year before判断句（1）强调判断句形式一：主语 +be+no/none+other than/but+表语（强调内容）形式二：主语 +be+nothing+(else)but/else than/less than+表语形式三：ltis/was+ 强调部分 +that/who+ 从句（2）正反判断句形式一:主语 +be +not+表语 A+but+表语 B形式二：(It is) not that(who),but that(who)（3）比较判断句形式一：主语 +be +less/more+表语 A+than+ 表语 B形式二：主

28、语 +be +not so much+表语 A+as+表语 B形式三：主语 +be+ rather表语 A+ than+ 表语 B五.倒装让步句型 形式一：表语+as +主语（代词）+系动词，+主句例：（尽管这些贵族们非常傲慢 ），they are afraid to see you.答案：Proud as these nobles are（本题考察倒装句，as引导的让步状语从句常倒装，将表语提到句首，如果表语是可数名词，则其前面不加冠词） 形式二：表语+系动词+主语（名词），+主句例：Nobody knows （这就是 Albert Einstein，一位伟大的物理学家 ）答案：such i

29、s Albert Einstein,a great physicist（本题考察倒装句，表语 such提到了句首，后面的主语省略了主谓语） 形式三：副词或动词原型 +as+主语，+主句例: （我们怎么尽力）,we could not accomplish it on time.答案：Try as we might（本题考察倒装句，as引导的让步状语从句的谓语提前，句子倒装）1. （尽管你读的快），we could not accomplish it.2. （尽管还是个孩子），he knows much knowledge of science.3f we wori t agree to you

30、r plan, （他们也不会同意）。答案：1. Fast as you read2. Child as he is3. neither will they六.It作形式主语时的常用句型形式一：It is+形容词+that/wh-从句例：It is important（保持生态平衡）。答案：that we should keep the balance of nature（本题考查It作形式主语时的用法，英语中的主语从句有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语,而真正的主语用that引导放在后面）形式二：lt+不及物动词+that例：He has been here only three day

31、s and（由此可见他对那事一无所知）。答案：it follows that he knows nothing about that（本题考查It+不及物动词+that结构，注意前后句子时态的一致）形式三：It+be+名词+that例：It is our wish that（他爱怎么样就怎么样 ）答案：he does what he pleases（本题考查It作形式主语的同时，涉及了虚拟语气的考查，在it is our wish/hope that等结构中，从句子的谓语动词要用should+动词原形这样的虚拟语气）形式四：It+be+done+that 例：It is said that（宇宙形成于一次大爆炸以后）答案：the universe formed after the Big Explode（本题考查It作形式主语的用法，常用于It+be+done+that结构的动词有report, announce, expert等, 常译为据说”，据报道”）1. He told us not to wait for him