直接引语变间接引语需注意的几种变化

1、在日常交际中，我们经常会遇到需要引用或转述别人的话的情况。引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是原封不动地引述别人的话，并将它放在引号内，称为直接引语(Direct Speech)；另一种是转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语(In direct Speech)。在把直接引语变为间接引语时，原来直接引语中的人称、时态、状语、句式及主谓语序都要作相应改变。一、注意人称的变化：1、如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。变为间接引语后从句中的人称要与 主句中主语的人称相一致：例如： She said, “ My brother wants to go with me ” .f S

2、he said her brother wan ted to go with her.2、如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人所修饰。从句中的人称要跟主句的宾 语一致。例如： He said to his friend,“ How is your study now? ”f He asked his frie nd how his study was the n.3、如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰时，一般不需要变化。例如： Mr. Wang said, “Li Lei is a good student. ”f Mr. Wang said Li Lei was a

3、good stude nt.二、注意时态的变化与一致：直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时例如：1) She said, “I lost a pen yesterday. ”f She said she had lost a pen the day before.2) Lily said, “ I will go to see my pare nts duri ng the holiday.”f Lily said she would go to

4、see her pare nts duri ng the holiday.但以下几种情况，当直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态不需要变化。1) 引语部分是客观真理。The teacher told us,“Light travels faster tha n sound.”f The teacher told us light travels faster than sound.2) 直接引语中有过去的具体时间(年、月、日)，在变为间接引语时，从句的时态不变。 如：Jack said. “ I went to Chi na in 2006.”f Jack said he went to Chi

5、na in 2006.三、注意时间、地点状语、指示代词以及方向动词的变化：由于说话人在转述别人的话时，所处的时间、地点等都发生了变化，因此，在变直接引语为间接引语时，其中涉及到的时间、地点以及相关的动词都相应的加以变化。常见的变化词有： now/ the n, today that day, toni ght that ni ght,here there; come go, this that, these thoseYesterday-the day before last year the year beforeAgo- before例如： Li Lei said, “These book

6、s are mine. ”Li Lei said those books were his. 但转述的内容如发生在当天，从句的时间状语可不变。 例如： Mary said, “I will come to visit you tonight.”Mary said she would come to visit me that night.四、注意句型的特点及变化：1、 直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语是由连词that 引导的宾语从句， that 常可省略。当主 句中出现 say to sb. 时，可根据需要改为 tell sb. 。例如：1) The guide said,“Our bus wil

7、l arrive in five minutes.”The guide said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.2) She said to me,“Li Lei has tried his best these days.”She told me that Li Lei had tried his best those days.2、 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句，此时谓 语动词多用 ask。例如：1) He said, “Can you speak Japanese, Chen Lei

8、? ”He asked Chen Lei if / whether he could speak Japanese.2) My teacher said to me,“Do you go to school by bus? ”My teacher asked me if / whether I went to school by bus.3、 直接引语如果是特殊问句， 间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句 (宾 语从句必须用陈述句语序)。She asked me, “When do you have your dinner? ” She asked me when I had m

9、y dinner.4、直接引语如果是祈使句， 间接引语应改为： “tell(ask, order 等) sb. (not) to do sth. ” 句型。例如：1) She said to the children,“Don't run in the room. ”She told / asked the children not to run in the room.2) “Pass me that dictionary, please, ” said she. She asked me to pass her that dictionary.5、 如直接引语是由let引导的祈使句

10、，改为间接引语用时多用“should+动词原形”的句式。 例如： He said, “ Let's go to climb the mountains. ”He suggested that they should go to climb the mountains. 专项练习： 将下列句子变为间接引语：2.Mr.Li said to me,“I willgo toShanghaionbusinessnextmonth. ”3.“ Ihaven't heardfrom my friendsthesedays,” saidTom.4.Shesaid to him,“It '

11、; s time foryou to leave5. ZhangHong said tome, “ I began to work herein 1988. ”6.Johnsaid to hisclassmates, “ I have learned1,000 Englishwords. ”7.He said, “ Do you enjoy living here?”8.“ Have you anythinginteresting toread? ”shesaid.9.“ What did you do the day before yesterday?theson askedhisfathe

12、e to school earlierthestationyesterday,Mr.atsaid tohis teachernext time, ”Did you meet this man1. “ You should Li Lei.10. She said, Li? ”11.“Open your books, ” the teacher said to us.12.“Please come here to get your biketomorrow, ”thepoliceman said toher.13.“Let ' s go to the zoo next Monda

13、y,”he said.14.“Don' t talk loudly in the reading room,” saidtheteacher.15.“What are you going to do with these materials, George?” he asked.专项练习参考答案：1. His teacher told Li Lei that time.he should go to school earlierthe next2. Mr. Li told me that he would go to Shanghai on business the next mont

14、h.3. Tom said that he hadn 't heard from his friends those days.4. She told him that it was time for him to leave.5. Zhang Hong told me that he began to work there in 1988.6. John told his classmates that he had learned 1,000 English words.7. He asked if I enjoyed living there.8. She asked if I had something interesting to read.9. The son asked his father what he had done two days before.10. She asked Mr. Li if he had met that man at the station the day before.11. The teacher told us to open our books.12. The policeman asked her to go t