跨文化交际考试重点归纳

1、题型：part I, True or False,30%（提醒学生在答题时要正确的画 A,错的画B） 15x2（除第八章）part II. Multiple Choices 20%,20x1.（2,4,5 细节）Part III. Cultural Puzzles 10% （ 与课后习题中的 cultrual puzzles 类似，不过是 四个选项，范围为课后习题中的 cultural puzzles和我们在每个单元划出的重点 案例）5X2.Part IV . Term Matching 15%（名词解释，从备选的terms中选择与其对应的definitions， 要考到的terms都已经发给

2、大家）15x1.Part V. Short-Answer Questions 15% （简答题，范围在我们划过的重点内） 5X3.Part VI. Case Study 10% （课外案例分析，阅读一个案例，回答三个小问题，题目不会超出课内讲解的内容）10 x1.要补充的重点为 p114,（ E. Discover the meaning of some com mon gestures inEn glish）, p129, （B. What are the characteristics of femi nine talk and masculi ne talk respectively）另

3、外让学生深入研究 unit 5 和 Unit 2， Unit 4（culturally-loaded words），以及每 单元的重点案例，以及单元后面的练习A, B（划过的问答题），C （EuphemismUnderstanding）, 以及 E （cultural puzzles）TermsUnit 11. Economic globalization经济全球化 the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capi

4、tal flows, migrati on, and the spread of tech no logy.2. Global village:地球村 All the different parts of the world form one community lin ked together by electr onic com muni cati ons, especially the Intern et.3. Melting pot:大熔炉 a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgro unds and n a

5、ti on alities.4. Cultural Diversity:文化多样性 the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members bel ong.5. Intercultural communication跨 文化交际 com muni cati on betwee n people whose cultural percepti ons and symbol systems are disti

6、 net eno ugh to alter the com muni cati on eve nt.6. Culture:文化 a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and no rms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.7. Enculturation:文化适应 all the activities of learning one' culture are called en culturati on.

7、& Acculturation:文化传入 the process which adopts the changes brought about by ano ther culture and develops an in creased similarity betwee n the two cultures.9. Ethnocentrism:民族优越感 the belief that your own cultural background is superior.10. Communication:交际 to share with or to make com mon, as in

8、 givi ng to ano ther a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.(以下为 components of com muni cati on)PS: what is the differe nee betwee n en cod ing & decod ingEn cod ing is the process of putt ing an idea into a symbol.Decod ing is the process of assig ning meaning to the symbols rec

9、eived.11. Source发送信息的人 The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to com muni cate.12. Encoding编码 Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your com muni cati on is in the form of a symbol represe nting the idea you desire to com muni cate.

10、En cod ing is the process of putt ing an idea into a symbol.13. Message信息、The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the result ing object.14. Channel 渠道 The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded messageis

11、transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electr onic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face com muni cati on.15. Noise噪音 The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source en codes.16. Receiver接的人 The receiver is the person who attends to the

12、 message.17. Decoding解码 Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process. The receiver is actively invo Ived in the com muni catio n process by assig ning meaning to the symbols received.18. Receiver response反馈 The receiver is the person who attends to the message. Rec

13、eiver resp onse refers to anything the receiver does after hav ing atte nded to and decoded the message.19. Feedback反馈 Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has kno wledge and to which the source atte nds and assig ns meaning.20. Context 语境 The final comp onent

14、 of com muni cati on is con text. Gen erally, con text can be defi ned as the en vir onment in which the com muni cati on takes place and which helps defi ne the com muni catio n.精讲案例Case 1 (p.1) case 2 (p.2)思考题1、what are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village? P8-9+ 简要说明

15、convenient tran sportati on systemsinno vative com muni cati on systemsecono mic globalizati onwidespread migrati ons2. What are the three ingredients of culture?Artifacts(the material and spiritual products people produce)Behavior(what they do)Con cept(what they thi nk)3. How to understand cultural

16、 iceberg? P7The aspects of culture that are explicit,visible,taught.The aspects of culture that are intan gible and not taught directly.4. What are the characteristic of culture?Shared ,learned,dynamic,ethnocentric文化中心主义),5. What are the characteristic of com muni cati on?Dyn amic,irreversible,symbo

17、lic,systematic,tra nsactio nal,co ntextualUnit 2-411. Pragmatics:语用学 the study of the effect that Ianguage has on human percepti ons and behavior.12. Semantics语意 the study of the meaning of words.13. Denotation:字面意思 the literal meaning or definition of a word - the explicit, particular, defi ned mea

18、 ning.14. Connotation:弦外之音 the suggestive meaning of a word - all the values, judgme nts, and beliefs implied by a word, the historical and associative accreti on of the un spoke n sig nifica nee beh ind the literal mea ning.15. Taboo:禁忌语 some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particul

19、ar group of people, or in certa in culture for religious or social reas ons.16. Euphemism 委婉语 the act of substituti ng a mild, in direct, or vague term for one con sidered harsh, blunt, or offen sive.精讲案例 Case 1, case2(p.仃)case 4 (p. 19) Case 2 (p 43) case 3 (p.45) Case 1 (p.67) case 3 (p.69)思考题6. H

20、ow is Chin ese address ing differe nt from America n address ing? (p.33)The America ns tend to address only with give n n ames while the Chin ese may use the full n ame. Eve n whe n the full n ames are used in some formal occasi ons by the America ns,the give n n ames would be placed before the sur

21、name while the Chin ese would do the opposite.Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage while the America ns seldom do so.The Chinese tend to address the people with titles but in English only a few occupati on or titles could be used.7. What are the social functi

22、ons of compliments? (p.60)答案 p50 第一段)Complime nts have a series of social fun cti ons: creat ing or rein forci ng solidarity, greet ing people, express ing tha nks or con gratulati ons, en courag ing people, softe ning criticism, starti ng a conv ersati on, or eve n overco ming embarrassme nt.Unit 5

23、17. Chronemics时间学 The study of how people perceive and use time.18. Monochronic time: 一元时间概念 pay ing atte ntio n to and doing only one thi ng at a time.19. Polychronic time 多元时间概念 being invo Ived with many things at on ce.20. Proxemics空间学 the perception and use of space.21. Kinetics身势学 the study of

24、body Ianguage22. Paralanguage辅助语言 involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonv erbal com muni cati on.精讲案例 case 1 (p. 85) case 3 (p.87) case 5, 6 (p.90) case 7 (p.91) 思考题8. What are the differe nt features of M-time and P-time? (p97)M-time means pay ing atte nti on to and doing o

25、nly one thing at a time.M-time is no ted for its emphasis on schedules, segme ntati on and prompt ness.lt features one eve nt at a time. Time is perceived as a lin ear structure and somethi ng con crete tan gible.P-time means being invo Ived with many things at on ce.P-time is less rigid and clock-b

26、o un d. It features several activities at the same time. It is more flexible and huma n-cen tered.9. what is the meaning of common gestures in English? P114(案 P233-234)Unit 6精讲案例 case 1 (p.115) case 2 (p.116) p.124-126 中的小案例 思考题9. How is gender different from sex? ( p.129)(答案 P.119/120)10. What has

27、in flue need the gen der socializati on?There are two primary in flue nces on gen der socializatio n: family com muni cati on, particularly between mothers and children and recreational interaction among childre n.11. What are the six prin ciples for effective cross-ge nder com muni cati on? (p. 129

28、) (答案 127-128)Suspe nd judgeme nt, recog nize the validity of differe nt com muni cati on styles, provide tran slatio n cues, enl arge your own com muni cati on style, suspe nd judgeme nt.12. what are the characteristics of femi nine talk and masculi ne talk respectively? P123Unit 7精讲案例 case 1 (p.13

29、7) case 3 (p.139)13. Discuss the con cepts of high con text culture and low con text culture (p153)结合 最后一个单元中 ppt 的讲解，了解 high-c on text culture 和 low-co ntext culture 两个 概念)A high-c on text com muni cati on or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very littl

30、e is in the coded, explicitly tran smitted part of the message. In high-c on text cultures, verbal messages have little meaning without the surro unding con text, which in cludes the overall relatio nship betwee n all the people en gaged in com muni cati on.沉默是金； 一切尽在不言中； 心有灵犀一点通）A low con text com

31、muni cati on is the just the opposite; i.e. the mass of the in formatio n is vested in the explicit code.High-c on text culturelow-c on text cultureJapanese Chinese Korean American . German German-SwissUnit 923. A planetary culture:行星文化 a culture that integrates eastern mysticism with western scie n

32、ee and rati on alism.24. Intercultural person:跨文化的人 represe nts some one whose cog nitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics are not limited but open to growth beyond the psychological parameters of his or her own culture.思考题13. What are the American/Chinese cultural values like in terms of Cultural Orientation put forward by Kluckhohn and Strodt