【上海交大教师常辉】复旦交大自主招生英语应试指导及真题详解

1、第 六 讲：阅读理解授课讲师：常 辉 复旦 2006An expert suggested that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home. When the scheme was first put forward publicly, many people opposed it or hand serious reservations about it. One very experienced social worker opposed the scheme in a television intervi

2、ew. When asked to explain the basis for his opposition, he thought for a moment and finally confessed, Well, I guess, because its new. Thats my only reason.Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind rather than send them to

3、prison. The stigma of having a criminal record was an adequate deterrent, and nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison.Some critics rushed to take extreme cases. If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this, what is to prevent him from killing som

4、ebody else? This argument ignored the fact that nobody proposed to allow convicted murderers to use the bracelet system. One criticism put forward was that an offender could take off his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to wear while he himself wet off to commit another crime. Th

5、e reply to this was that the bracelet would be made so that the computer would immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with it.A more serious objection to the scheme was that the harsh life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime. A prisoner who was allowed to li

6、ve at home would suffer no particular discomfort and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime.No immediate action was taken on the proposal. It was far too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully. However, the idea was not rejected. Several governments appointed experts to invest

7、igate the scheme and make recommendations for or against it.49Peoples opinions are divided on the suggestion that .Asome criminals should serve their terms at homeBsocial workers can express themselves on TVC. first offenders should be sentenced to community serviceD. old offenders should be impriso

8、ned50A social worker opposed the proposal for the reason that .Ait is uniqueBit is creativeCit is novel Dit is out-of-date51We can learn from the passage that the “bracelet” is supposed to .A. keep the track of the offendersB. detect the offenders attempt of murderC. be worn for decorationD. be worn

9、 by offenders friends occasionally52The supporters of the scheme will probably agree that _. Athe hard life of prison may prevent some people from repeating a crime Bthe life at home is too comfortable for the prisoners Chigh-technology should be deterrent to crime Dimprisonment will not achieve muc

10、h to some offenders53The prospect of the advice is that _. Ait will be put into practice immediately Bit will be declined by the government Cit will be further carefully looked into Dit will be confirmed by appointed experts Dr Adams was tired and suffering from jet lag. His temper was not improved

11、when he was told, on arriving more than three hours late at New Delhi, that his plane to Colombo had already gone and that there would not be another until the next day. The airline staff were very sympathetic and assured him that they had already booked him into the best hotel in the city, to which

12、 the airline bus would take him straight away. In the meantime. They hoped that Dr Adams would take the opportunity of seeing something of their historic city. The only things Dr Adams felt he needed at that point were a bath, a change of clothes, a good breakfast and then a long sleep. The hotel wa

13、s luxurious and very cool and comfortable. After he had eaten he pulled down the blinds to shut out5 the glaring Indian sun and then slept for most of the day. About 6.30 p.m. he dr4essed and went down to the hotel bar, where he got into conversation with another delegate to the Conference who came

14、from Zambia and who would be traveling with him on the Colombo plane the next morning. They decided to dine together and explore some of the sights and sounds of India at night. The journey to Colombo was completed without mishap and Dr Adams and his companion were met at the airport by the Conferen

15、ce Secretary, Mr. Mahaveli, who had been informed of their impending arrival by the airline. Mr. Mahaveli took them to their hotel, where many other delegates were already installed, and made sure that they had the program for the opening session. On the morning of the second day of the Conference,

16、Dr Adams read his paper, which was received with much interest. He was asked many questions by delegates in whose countries many of the problems he had discussed were commonly found. During the five days of the Conference he had opportunities to talk to agriculture experts from Jamaica, Kenya, Tanza

17、nia, India, Gambia, Australia and Nigeria and he also met some old friends who had previously been students at the Commonwealth School. He heard from many of them how they were putting all that they had learned to good use and of the problems they were trying to overcome in their own countries. On h

18、is flight home Dr Adams could not help reflecting that the Conference had proved how valuable the sharing of information and experiences could be, as an example of true cooperation between the develope3d and the developing world.54Which of the following statements of is NOT true of Dr. Adams? _. AHe

19、 was angry about his late arrival at New Delhi.BHe was due to arrive in New Delhi late at night.CAfter dinner, he went out into the streets of New Delhi.DHe found long journeys exhausting and tiresome.55All the delegates to the conference were _. Astudents of the Commonwealth School Bfrom the develo

20、ping countriesCfrom African countries Dagricultural specialists56The phrase “without mishap” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “_”. Aon the safe side Bimportance of conferencesCsage and sound Dat ease57The last paragraph of the passage was mainly concerned with _. ADr. Adams opinion of the conferen

21、ce Bimportance of conferencesCan example of a major operation DDr. Adams belief in friendship58The passage mainly tells the reader that _. ADr. Adams was a keen sightseer BDr. Adams was a well-read expertCDr. Adams had a meaningful trip Ddeveloping countries needed experts of all kinds复旦 2007Sarah A

22、lexander celebrated the start of her last year at Wells College the way many other seniors before her have. She ran across the picturesque campus to the shores of Cayuga Lake, where she jumped into the water.So did many of her fellow seniors. But dozens of students decided to stay away, especially t

23、he relatively few newly arrived male students.Wells College, which since 1868 had educated only women, began accepting men this year in hopes of bolstering its dwindling enrollment. For many students and alumnae, it was a crushing decision. After the college announced last October that it would go c

24、oeducational, about half of the students protested and two filed a lawsuit, which they later dropped.The students - 33 men and 383 women - came to campus late last month. Both sexes are now trying to navigate the new social landscape. Mr. Phillips said “You cant do guy stuff. Every time you want to

25、sit and watch sports or a game, it turns into a movie.” The women were “somewhat nasty” I could see the dirty looks in their eyes.” He said, “But I was not going to let that stop me from comings.”Wells was a place where women did not have to fuss over their appearance or fight to be taken seriously

26、by their professor. They could enjoy the camaraderie of their campus sisters and their playful traditions. Besides jumping into the lake, the women dance around the maypole each May and kiss the feet of the statue of Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom, before exams.Ms. Alexander said,”People told

27、us we wouldnt notice a difference, but from the moment men arrived on campus you could notice a difference. Women are waking up early to put on makeup, and thats odd, “she said.Henry Wells, a founder of Wells Fargo and a friend of Cornells benefactor, Ezra Cornell established this college, when wome

28、n were not considered capable of higher learning. “Give her the opportunity,” he wrote.The news that the college would go coed created ripples far beyond campus. One alumna wrote a letter to the colleges president, Lisa Marsh Ryerson, saying the founder would haunt her. “I believe Henry Wells would

29、have haunted me if I let Wells College close,” said Ms. Marsh Ryerson, a Wells alumna herself.The great-great-great-great granddaughter of Henry Wells, Stephanie Redmond, 18, of Washington State, said that earlier this year a Wells student had tracked her down and asked her to support the protest. B

30、ut Ms. Redmond said the move to admit men had encouraged her to enroll at Wells this year as a freshman. She plans on a career in engineering, a male-dominated field, and said attending an all-womens college might have put her at a disadvantage.49. The primary reason for the Wells College to accept

31、men is that _.A. its enrollment rare is in declineB. the campus is lack of vigor and vitalityC. it will face the destiny of being closed downD. all-womens college might put a woman at a disadvantage50. A typical behavior for seniors to do is that _.A. they jog along the picturesque campusB. they swi

32、tch sports programs to a movieC. they celebrate their fourth year by jumping into a lakeD. they swim in Cayuga Lake accompanied by friends51. The change after turning into a coed college is that _.A. dirty looks in womens eyes have disappearedB. women get up early to make upC. women are waking up ea

33、rly to studyD. women dance with men around the maypole52. The attitude of the author is that _.A. she hates a tradition of all-women schoolsB. she calls on women in support of the protestC. she dislikes the change and hopes to file a lawsuitD. she objectively describes the new and uneasy coeducation

34、53. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The enrollment of male students caused controversyB. The grandchildren of the college founder benefited most.C. The current president of the college was also its graduate.D. The founder hoped to give women opportunities of higher education.But wha

35、t is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is presumably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if h

36、is students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?The authors try to correct for this problem, as well a

37、s other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently hav

38、e a larger impact on their students achievement than others.Second, easily observable characteristics like having a masters degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated with teacher effectiveness.Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experien

39、ce: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of

40、 the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an in

41、formed decision is available at that time.The authors also investigate the contentious issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role mod

42、el effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect (teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to b

43、e below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.54. The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the _.A. the first yearB. the second yearC. the third yearD. the fourth year55. The phrase “hit their stride” most

44、probably means “_”.A. reach their normal levelB. become confidentC. walk with long stepsD. get bored56. The author of this passage holds the view that _.A. teachers will perform better with time passingB. ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than laterC. teachers effectiveness is apparen

45、t after a couple of yearsD. a masters degree will improve teachers effectiveness57. Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students?A. Students fell secure, so they respond better.B. Teachers sympathize with students of their own race.C. There are entirely some other identified r

46、easons.D. The reasons are far from clear and definite.58. Which of the following may serve as the best title?A. Tenure, Turnover and the Quality of TeachingB. Impact of Teacher Quality on Student LearningC. Different Sorts of Measurement IssuesD. Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing M

47、odel复旦 2008If all goes according to plan, the entire North American continent will become a free trade zone devoid of tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers some time during the 1990s. This plan is the result of recent agreements and discussions involving the United States and Canada on the one h

48、and and the United States and Mexico on the other. Canada. Canada and the United States are already each other's largest trading partners. In 1956, for example, the U.S. accounted for 71 percent of Canadian merchandise trade(exports plus imports); Canada accounted for 19 percent of U.S. trade. I

49、n 1988, a historic document was signed, the Canada-United States Free-Trade Agreement. In many respects, this event seems a natural consequence of long-standing friendship, common economic interests, and geographic proximity. Nevertheless, it took more than a century to reach agreement. In the mid 1

50、800s, after Great Britain repealed the Corn Laws, Canada proposed bilateral free trade with the United States, and a limited treaty covering natural products only was signed. However, it was abrogated during the Civil War by the United States because of close Canadian-British ties and British suppor

51、t for the Confederacy. After more than a century of fluctuating sentiments on the issue, the 1988 agreement finally eliminates all bilateral tariffs (in stages to be completed by 1998) and all quantitative trade restrictions. The agreement, it was thought, would particularly boost trade in agricultu

52、ral products (fruits, vegetables, poultry), mining products (coal and oil), and services (banking, computer, insurance, professional and telecommunications services, plus retail and wholesale wade). Both countries expected net gains between $ 1 and 3 billion per year. Mexico. Mexico is the third lar

53、gest U.S. trading partner, accounting for 5 percent of U.S. exports plus imports (Canada and Japan account for 19 percent each); the U.S. accounts for two-thirds of Mexico's foreign trade. In 1987, the United States-Mexico Framework Understanding put in place the first procedures ever for consul

54、tations regarding trade and investment relations between these two countries. The mechanism was set up to resolve disputes and to negotiate the removal of trade barriers as supplement to GATT. In early 1991, genuine free trade discussions were set in motion and soon joined by Canada. The goal was th

55、e creation of a hemispheric free trade zone reaching from the Yukon to the Yucatan and encompassing a market of 360 million people. Analysts foresaw major gains associated with increased specialization and trade. They also predicted major adjustment costs in the United States where low-skill jobs wo

56、uld be lost to thousands of low-wage assembly plants now clustered along the U.S.- Mexican border, while high-skill jobs ranging from architecture to engineering and telecommunications would get a noticeable export boost. Another likely consequence is that the future rise in real wages south of the

57、border would slow the flow of illegal aliens into the United States.49. The main idea of this passage is that ( )A. the new North American free trade zone will likely have many benefits for the countries involvedB. the United States has made great contributions to the establishment of free trade zonesC. a North American free trade zone will give the United States significant advantages in its trade with JapanD. free trade zones will prevent illegal immigrants from entering t