北师版初二下英语Unit6语法篇 学生版

1、Unit 6 语法篇_学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点词汇句型，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。直接引语变间接引语（一）人称: “一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外

2、的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如: He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 （二）时态: 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做

3、相应的调整。如: 1)She said. "I have lost a pen."She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. "We hope so."She said they hoped so. (1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时 (2) 现在进行时变为过去进行时 (3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时 (4) 现在完成时变为过去完成时 (5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时(6) 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。 "The ea

4、rth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如: Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"Jack asked John where he was go

5、ing when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如: Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如: He said, "I get up at six every morning。" He said he gets up at six ev

6、ery morning。 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。如: Peter said. "You had better come have today。" Peter said I had better go there that day。 （三）如何变状语: 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day befo

7、re)地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”(例:this 改为that),如: He said, "These books are mine." He said those books were his. 指示代词 thisthese thesethose 表示时间的词 nowthen todaythat day this week(month ,etc)that week (month ,etc) yesterdaythe day before last week(month ,etc)the week(month ,etc) befor

8、e three days (a year ,etc) agothree days (a year. etc) before tomorrowthe next (following ) day next week (month ,etc)the next (following ) week (month ,etc) 表地点的词 herethere 动词 bringtake comego （四）句型: 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."She said

9、 that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?" He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, havent you?" my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

10、 "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等

11、) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如: "Dont make any noise," she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)。”如: He sa

12、id, "Lets go to the film." He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.1.- When are the Shutes leaving for New York?- Pardon?- I asked _.Awhen are the Shutes leaving for New YorkBwhen the Shutes are leaving for New YorkCwhen were the Shutes leaving for

13、New YorkDwhen the Shutes were leaving for New York2. He asked me, "How long will it take to go there by plane?"He asked me _.Ahow long it would take to go there by planeBhow long will it take to go there by planeChow long would it take to go there by planeDhow long it will take to go there

14、 by plane 3.He asked her, "When are you going to Shanghai?"He asked her_ .Awhen is she going to ShanghaiBwhen she is going to ShanghaiCwhen she was going to ShanghaiDwhen was she going to Shanghai 4.Mike asked me, "When will their plane land?"Mike asked me _.Awhen their plane wil

15、l landBwhen will their plane landCwhen their plane would landDwhen would their plane land 5. He asked, "Are you a Party member or a League member?"He asked me _a Party member or a League member.Aam I Bif I was C. was I Dwhether was I 解析：1. 主句用一般过去时,所以从句的时态必须是过去的相应时态,宾语从句用陈述语序。故选D2. 本句里直接引语

16、是特殊疑问句,引导词用原句里的how long, 疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,一般将来时改为过去将来时,故答案为A.3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句,改为间接引语时要用陈述句的语序,人称和时态也要作相应的变化。故选C4. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语里还是用疑问词引导,语序应改为陈述语序,人称和时态都应作相应的变化。故选C5. 题意:他问我是一名党员还是一名团员。宾语从句是由一个一般疑问句式的直接引语变化而来的。主句为一般过去时,宾语从句也应用过去时态,且宾语从句应用陈述语序。一般疑问句变为间接引语时,应用if或whether引导宾语从句,故选B.基础演练一 单选1.He asked her, &

17、quot;Where are you going?"He asked her _.Awhere she is going toBwhere she was going toCwhere she was goingDwhere she is going2“Who told you about it?” he asked her.He asked her _about it.Athat who told youBwho told herCwho had told herDwho had told you3- Has Li Hong gone to the library?- Pardon

18、?- I asked _the library.Aif Li Hong had gone toBif had Li Hong gone toCLi Hong had gone toDhas Li Hong gone to4The teacher asked, "Are you waiting for the bus?"The teacher asked _for the bus.AI was waiting Bwas I waiting Cyou are waiting Dif I was waiting5He asked me, “Did you see my siste

19、r last night?” He asked me _.Aif I had seen his sister the night beforeBwhether I had seen your sister the night beforeCdid I have seen his sister the night beforeDthat I saw his sister the night before6“Do you like English or Chinese?” she asked.She asked _English or Chinese.Aif do I like Bwhether

20、I liked Cif did I liked Dwhether did I liked7 He asked me, “Did you go to my sister's party last night?” (变为间接引语) He asked me _.Aif I had gone to his sister's party the night beforeBwhether I had gone to your sister's party the night beforeCdid I go to his sister's party the night be

21、foreDthat I went to his sister's party the night before8- He asked Tom, “Have you finished your homework?”- He asked Tom _ .Aif had he finished his homeworkBwhether he had finished his homeworkCif he has finished his homeworkDif you had finished your homework9He asked, "Are you a teacher or

22、 a student?"He asked _.Awhether I was a teacher or a studentBif I was a teacher or a studentCwhether you were a teacher or a studentDif you were a teacher or a student10"Is there anyone here?" he asked.He asked _Awhether there was anyone here or notBif was there anyone thereCif there

23、was anyone thereDif was there anyone here二、用单词正确形式填空1.I won't return the book to the library because I _ (not finish) reading it.2. As soon as he saw me, he _ to speak to me. (stop)3. I hope he _ (come) back in a week.4. It _ (rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.5. The old man told

24、 the children _ (not walk) in the rice fields.6. He told me he _ (help) her with her maths the next evening.7 .She said they _ (know) each other for quite some time.8 .If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, we _ (visit) the Pople's Museum.9. John _ (write) something when I _ (go) to see him.10. Our teache

25、r told us that light _ (travel) much faster than sound.巩固提高把下列句子直接引语变间接引语1"Why do you stay at home?" My father asked. (把直接引语改为间接引语)My father asked _I _at home.2 “When do you have your art lesson?” Mum asked me. (把直接引语改为间接引语)Mum asked me _art lessons.3She asked me, "Do you know when to

26、 go to Xinjiang Exhibition Center?" (把直接引语变为间接引语)She asked me _I_ when to go to Xinjiang Exhibition Center.4"Jack, can you help with the dinner?" Jack's mother asked. (把直接引语改成间接引语)Jack was asked _he _help with the dinner.5The doctor asked him , "Are you feeling better today?&

27、quot; (把直接引语变为间接引语)The doctor said to him _he _feeling better_.6 “Are you doing your homework?” Tom asked me. Tom wanted to know _7 “Why do you like this book?” said Sara. Sara asked me_8 “What does your father do?”he asked He asked _9 “Where is the post office?” asked Tina.Tina asked me _10 “When c

28、an you go to play basketball with me?”he asked He wanted to know _1I don't know _ he will come tomorrow_ he comes，I'll tell youAif；Whether Bwhether；WhetherCif；That Dif；If2I don't know _ the day after tomorrow Awhen does he come Bhow will he come Cif he comes Dwhether he'll come3Could

29、 you tell me _ the nearest hospital is？ Awhat Bhow Cwhether Dwhere4Could you tell me _ the radio without any help？Ahow did he mend Bwhat did he mendChow he mended Dwhat he mended5I want to know _ Awhom is she looking after Bwhom she is lookingCwhom is she looking Dwhom she is looking after6Do you kn

30、ow where _ now？Ahe lives Bdoes he live Che lived Ddid he live7Do you know what time _ ？Athe train leave Bdoes the train leaveCwill the train leave Dthe train leaves8I don't know _ Can you tell me，please？Ahow the two players are old Bhow old are the two playersCthe two players are how old Dhow ol

31、d the two players are9The small children don't know _ Awhat is their stockings in Bwhat is in their stockingsCwhere is their stockings in Dwhat in their stockings10I can't understand _ Awhat does Christmas mean Bwhat Christmas does meanCwhat mean Christmas does Dwhat Christmas means二、完型: 201

32、9年密云一中初三第三次月考考试 Wang Ling, a middle school girl, felt angry with her parents after getting a boy's phone call. “A classmate called me to discuss homework. We talked 1 just a few minutes before my parents got mad,” said the girl. “They asked whether I liked the boy. I said I didn't, 2 they wo

33、uldn't believe me.”Wang's trouble is not strange at all because puppy love (早恋) becomes a big headache for 3 parents and schools. They worry that puppy love will be bad for 4. Her school makes it a rule not to allow any talk or any physical contact (身体接触) 5 one boy and one girl alone.Many st

34、udents say they understand 6 parents and teachers are so nervous about puppy love. But some think they are going too far. “We have our own thoughts and we know what to7 with it,” said Wang Ling.Another girl, Jiang Ting, liked making friends with boys. “Boys and girls can learn from each other,” she

35、said. “My mother asks me to study hard. However, she 8 stops me from making friends with boys.” Once Jiang told her mother she might fall in love with a boy. Her mother let Jiang make 9 own decision. Soon Jiang found that she didn't like him any more because the boy was not as 10 as what she had

36、 thought before. And she did worse and worse in her subjects because she spent much on it. At last she understood the worry from schools and most parents about puppy love.1Afor Bin Cwith Dto2Abecause Bif Cbut Dand3Aboth Bnone Ceither Dneither4Agame Bstudy Cmatch Dhousework5Aduring Bbetween Caround D

37、about6Ahow Bwhat Cwho Dwhy7Aplay Blive Cdo Dfill8Anever Balready Cever Djust9Aits Bmy Chis Dher10Agood Bbad Cheavy Dthin_ADear Mr. Zhu,I am writing to your magazine's "Teenagers Now" column(专栏) to ask for some help with my 16-year-old son. At the moment, he refuses to do almost everyth

38、ing his mother and I ask him to do. He is our only child and we treat him very well. His grandparents buy him many things, and yet he is still rude to us. He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him. Sometimes he acts as if he doesn't even love us at all.Now he refuses to do his homewo

39、rk, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music. I cannot understand this music, but I don't like it. He also spends too much time in Internet cafes, where he either plays games or chats online. He is wasting valuable time during this important period in

40、his life!What am I to do? At present, to prevent making his mother unhappy with an argument, I am allowing him his freedom. However, I am worried that if I keep allowing him to do what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse.How can I help my son without harming our relationship?Yours,Liu Zhenhua1

41、 What's Mr. Zhu's job?AA teacher. BA magazine columnist. CA youth worker.DA doctor.2 From the passage, we can know that Mr. Liu's son is to his parents.Afriendly Bthankful Cpolite Drude3 What does Liu Zhenhua write to Mr. Zhu for?ATo blame his son. BTo ask for help with his son .CTo say

42、something about his son. DTo complain to him about his son.4.Mr. Liu's son always spends his time .Adoing his homework Bplaying games online Cchatting with his parents Ddoing everything his parents ask him to do5.What do you think is the possible answer for the father?AThe father should let the

43、son alone.BThe father should give his son a beating.CThe father should allow his son his freedom.DThe father should be patient enough to have a communication with the son.BWhen I was a teenager, I volunteered to work at the water station(供水站) at a 10,000-meter race. My job was to pass out water to t

44、he runners. I was so excited to see all the people who passed by and gave everyone a cup of water. I thought maybe I could do it, too! I was inspired(鼓舞) and decided to take part in the race the next year.The race was coming. It was quite a long and difficult experience. I ran at the beginning of th

45、e race. I walked when I felt tired. I realized it was hard for me. I didn't know if I could finish the race. When I almost wanted to give it up, a 70-year-old man ran past me, very fast. Suddenly, I felt embarrassed as I was only 20 years old. I felt defeated at that moment. I couldn't stand

46、 it. I ran much faster in order to run past the old man. I was sure I could make it. To my surprise, the old man had crossed the finishing line. I couldn't believe such a thing happened to me. I kept running. Finally I reached the finishing line. I was also proud of myself.I learned something ab

47、out myself from this experience. He was running his own race and I was running mine. He had his own dream for his life. I had mine. In life we all have those moments when we compare ourselves to others. It's a natural thing. Sometimes you should turn your embarrassment into inspiration and try t

48、o improve your result to achieve anything you want in life.6 Why did the author take part in the race?ABecause he didn't like the volunteer workBBecause he was really interested in runningCBecause the people who took part in the race inspired himDBecause he wanted to prove(证明) that he was the be

49、st7The author felt embarrassed when he .Afound racing was uninterestingBfell behind the old manCdidn't know if he could finishDcrossed the finishing line8What is the Chinese meaning for the underlined word “finishing line”?A完成B线条 C到达 D终点线9 The author felt at his race result.Asad Bembarrassed Cha

50、ppy Dangry10.According to the article, if you find you are not as good as others, you should .Atry to encourage yourselfBlaugh at othersCfight with othersDtalk to your parentsCHi! My name's Wang Mang. I'm fifteen years old, and I'm a Grade 3 student in Shangjing in the year 2053!I expect

51、 you find that pretty hard to believe. Let me explain. This book is a journal I wrote last month for a very special competition. I won the first prize, which was that my book would become part of the first ever experiment in time travel. It would be put in a time capsule to be sent back almost fifty years into the past. So, if everything went according to the plan, you should