中学常用有机反应方程式总结

1、中学常用有机反应方程式总结(一)烷烃CH4 +2O2CH4 + 2Cl2CH4 + 3Cl2CH4 + 4Cl2CH4CO2 + 2H2O CH2Cl2 + 2HCl CHCl3+ 3HCl CCl4 + 4HCl C + 2H2(二)烯烃C2H4 + 3O2CH2CH2 + Br2 2CO2 + 2H2O CH2BrCH2Br催化剂CH3CH2OH CHCH2 + H2O加热、加压CH2CH2 +H2CH2CH2 +HCln CH2CH2 CH3CH3 CH3CH2Cl(三)炔烃2C2H2 + 5O2CHCH + Br2CHBrCHBr + Br2CHCH +HCl 4CO2 + 2H2O

2、CHBrCHBr CHBr2CHBr2 H2C=CHCl催化剂CH3CHO CHCH+2H2O(四)芳香烃2C6H6+15O2+ Br2+HONO212CO2 + 6H2O+ HBr + H2O+ HOSO3H+ 3H2+ H2O+ 3HONO2+ 3H2O(五)石油C16H34 C8H18 + C8H16(六)卤代烃CH3CH2Br + H2OCH3CH2Br +NaOH CH3CH2OH + HBr CH2CH2 + NaBr + H2On H2CCHCl(七)醇类2CH3CH2OH + 2Na2CH3CH2OH + O2 2CH3CH2ONa + H2 2CH3CHO + 2H2O<

3、;1> 2Cu + O22 CuOCH3CHO + H2O + Cu <2> CH3CH2OH + CuOCH3CH2OH2CH3CH2OH CH2CH2 + H2O CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + H2O(八)酚类+ NaOH+ H2O+ CO2 + H2O+ H2O + H3O+ + NaHCO3 +3Br2 + 3HBr(九)醛类CH3CHO + H22CH3CHO + O2CH3CH2OH 2CH3COOHCH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O CH3COOH + Cu2O + 2H2O CH3CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH CH3CHO + 2

4、Cu(OH)2(十)羧酸CH3COOH + CH3CH2OHHCOOH + CH3OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O HCOOCH3 + H2O(十一)糖类点燃6CO2+ 6H2OC6H12O6+ 6O2； C6H12O6(s)+ 6O2(g)=6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+ H2CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OHCH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 +CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH H2OCH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2C6H12O6C6H12O62CH3CH2OH + 2CO2 2CH3CHOHCOOHCH2OH(CHOH)4COOH + Cu2O + 2H2OC12H22O11(蔗糖) + H2O C12H22O11(麦芽糖) + H2O (C6H10O5)n(淀粉) + nH2O (C6H10O5)n(纤维素) + nH2OC6H12O6(葡萄糖) + C6H12O6(果糖) 2C6H12O6(葡萄糖) n C6H12O6(葡萄糖) n C6H12O6(葡