开题报告 归化策略在张培基先生三篇英译散文中的应用英语学专业

1、开题报告书论文题目 (Title)归化策略在张培基先生三篇英译散文中的应用On the Domestication Strategy of Zhang Peijis English Translation of Three Essays中心论点： 归化和异化这一对概念最初由学者劳伦斯·韦努蒂在他的著作译者的隐身一书中提出，但是劳伦斯本身注重的是异化策略。真正使归化发扬光大的是美国著名翻译家尤金奈达，他的功能对等论在根本上与归化的主旨是一致的。如今归化和异化已成为各语言译者在翻译过程中无可避免的一个重要抉择。散文作为一种“形散而神不散”的文体，英译过程中译者必然遇到诸多难以解释的中国特

2、色词汇、俚语和典故，这在某种程度上考验了译者的能力。张培基先生作为散文英译的重量级人物，其英译散文作品因质量上乘而享誉国内外。张先生在英译中国现代散文过程中既用了归化策略，也用了异化策略。本文重点探讨张培基先生在英译中国现代散文选（一）中应用的归化策略，由此一窥译者在英译中文散文的过程中归化策略的重要作用。以此让翻译初学者和英语专业高年级学生了解归化策略，从而帮助他们提高日后的英语翻译能力，在英译中国文学作品时尽量做到既能传播中国文化的魅力，又能使英语读者感同身受。Thesis Statement： The concept of domestication and foreignization

3、 was first proposed by Lawrence Venuti in his book The Invisibility of The TranslatorA History Of Translation, but Laurence himself focused on the foreignization strategy. What really made it naturalized was the famous American translator Eugene Nida, whose Functional Equivalence is fundamentally co

4、nsistent with the subject of naturalization. Nowadays, domestication and foreignization have become an inevitable choice for a host of translators in the process of translation. Prose is a form of "scattered and divine" style. In the process of translating Chinese prose into English, the t

5、ranslator is bound to encounter various culture loaded words, idioms, literary quotations, etc. which test the translator 's ability in a certain way. Mr. Zhang Peiji, one of the heavyweights in English translation of prose, is well-known for the quality of his translated works. In his translati

6、on, Zhang applies both domestication and foreignization strategies. This paper focuses on the domestication strategy applied by Zhang Peiji in Selected Modern Chinese Essays (I), which provides a glimpse into the important role of the translator in the process of English translation, hoping to bette

7、r the understanding of domestication strategy for beginners as well as English majors, so as to help them to improve their English translation ability, which will enable them to reflect the charm of Chinese culture in their translation, thus, making the English readers feel the same.本研究目的和意义: 目的：归化策

8、略是翻译时必不可少的技巧。翻译散文时，译者运用归化策略能使目的语读者更加深入理解源语意境，使目的语的内容达到与源语相同的感情效果。张培基先生是著名的翻译家，以英译中国现代散文享誉翻译界，在翻译界有相当的影响力。本研究将通过分析张培基先生在对三篇典型的中国近现代散文英译时所用的归化策略，揭示归化策略的重要性及其实用性。意义：通过深入分析张培基先生在这三篇选定散文中所使用的归化策略，望能助英文翻译初学者初步了解归化策略，助英语学习者提高综合语言能力。Purpose and Significance: Purpose：Domestication is an indispensable skill i

9、n Chinese to English translation. When translating Chinese prose into English, the application of the domestication strategy by the translator can, to a large degree, help the target language reader have a deeper understanding of the source language and strike a chord with the target language reader

10、s. Zhang Peiji has considerable influence on the translation of Chinese modern prose. This study reveals the importance and practicality of the domestication strategy through the domestication strategy adopted by Zhang in Selected Modern Chinese Essays (I).Significance：Through a detailed analysis of

11、 Mr. Zhang Peiji 's Selected Modern Chinese Essays (I) in the use of domestication, the author hopes to help beginners of translation and English majors to improve their English translation ability and language competence.本研究的理论意义（国内外文献综述）:1研究背景：归化和异化都有两面性，绝对的异化和绝对的归化都不可取，二者相互补充才能使英译作品为广大读者所理解。但

12、是随着全球化发展，中国已成为国际社会愈发耀眼的成员，中国文化已成为国际社会对中国认知的一股强大的力量支撑。未来的全球化发展中，中国译者注定要把中国文化展示给世界。在此过程中归化作为一种重要方法，担负着传输中国文化观念，拉近与英语读者之间的距离的重要责任。2. 研究现状：2.1 国外研究状况 归化派代表人物为当代学者奈达(Nida)。他的著名翻译理论动态对等(dynamic equivalence) 和功能对等(functional equivalence)的实质就是遵循译入语国家的语言习惯和文化模式,。他认为翻译的实质就是形式的改变。奈达把意义放在第一位，强调读者反应，因此他给对等下的定义也是

13、以读者反应为衡量标准的。根据奈达的理论，翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。他从社会和文化的角度出发，认为翻译应以译文和译文读者为中心，译文要流畅自然，原文中任何有碍读者理解的东西都要加以处理，以保证译文读者可以以最小的努力（the least effort）来理解译文。奈达在从一种语言到另一种语言（1993）一书中重复强调他的这一观点， “译文基本上应该是源语信息最切近的自然对等”。田纳西·威廉姆在欲望号街车(2010)中写到，“如果维吉尔必须说英语的话，那他应该像以英语为母语的人那样说，像这个时代的人那样说才合适。”这段话体现了归化的思想并由于译

14、本的深入人心使得这种翻译策略得以推广 。Lawrence Venuti在其著作译者的隐形一部翻译史（1995）中，将第一种途径称为“异化法”(foreignization)，旨在传达原文的异域特色，使读者读来仿佛去国外旅游了一番，所见所闻都是新鲜的。如汉语中“滑铁卢”、 “鳄鱼的眼泪”均采用的是异化的翻译手法。另一种方法称之为“归化法”(domestication)。简言之，归化法就是力求译文符合译入语的语言规范和文化特征，丢掉译出语的“洋味”，读者读起来会觉如母语般亲切。 2.2 国内研究状况 在我国近代史上，就文学翻译而言，尽管有直译意译、归化和异化之争，但意译和归化一直占据主流。当时译坛

15、两位举足轻重的人物严复和林纾这两位大师都是以归化的思想来指导各自的翻译实践。推崇归化策略的译者认为翻译应该使来源语( source language)无论从语言形式、文体风格上都符合目的语的习惯，以此使读者听起来顺耳，看起来流畅，读起来不生硬、不拗口。归化策略的出发点就是避免因追求与原文一致而造成的译文晦涩难懂，并充分考虑各层面读者对文化的了解深度，通过将源语文化转化为对等的目的语文化来提高译文的可接受性。 汉语的现代散文翻译，属于文学翻译的范畴。要谈汉语散文英译中所采用的归化策略，就要先谈文学翻译的归化策略应用。其实，关于文学翻译中到底是用归化译法，还是异化译法，学术界已经有诸多讨论。许多学

16、者与翻译家也各抒己见，提出了很多不同的观点。2002 年孙致礼教授在中国翻译发表的论文中就曾表示，中国的文学翻译将会渐渐从归化趋向异化。他写道“21 世纪的中国文学翻译，将进一步趋向异化译法，而这异化译法的核心，就是尽量传译原文的异质因素”，具体说来，就是要尽量传达原作的异域文化特色，异域语言形式，以及作者的异常写作手法。另一位学者郭建中则认为考虑到不同的翻译目的、文本类型、作者意图以及读者对象，以上两种方法都能在目的语文化中完成各自的使命，因而也都有其存在价值。Literature Review:Background：Both domestication and foreignization

17、 have their advantages and disadvantages. Absolute domestication and foreignization are not accountable methods, the two complement each other to make the English translation comprehensible to the readers. However, with the development of globalization, China has become an increasingly dazzling memb

18、er of the international community. Chinese culture has become a powerful support of the international community for China's perception. In the future, Chinese translators are destined to show Chinese culture to the world. In this process, domestication is an important way to transmit Chinese cul

19、tural concepts and narrow the distance between Chinese writers and English readers.International Study: One of the representatives of the domestication school is contemporary scholar Eugene Nida. The essence of his famous translation theory, dynamic equivalence and functional equivalence, is to foll

20、ow the language habit and culture model of the target language. He thinks that the essence of translation is the transformation of form. Nida puts the meaning first, emphasizing the reader's response, so his definition of equivalence is also measured by the reader's response. According to Ni

21、da(1993), translation refers to the reproduction of the source text from the semantics to the stylistic equivalents in the target language, using the closest and most natural equivalence. From a social and cultural standpoint, he argues that translation should be centered on the target text and the

22、target readers, and the translation should be smooth and natural. Anything in the original text that hinders the reader's understanding should be dealt with to ensure that the target readers can use the least effort. Nida replicates his view on various occasions that "the translation should

23、 be essentially the closest natural equivalent of source information". Tennessee Williams suggested in A Streetcar Named Desire（2010）"If Virgil must speak English, Then he should be like native speakers of English say, like the people of this era that is appropriate. " This passage re

24、flects the idea of naturalization and the popularization of the translation strategy. Lawrence Venuti, in his book The Translator's InvisibilityA History of Translation(1995), referred to the first approach as "foreignization", which was designed to convey the exotic features of the or

25、iginal, which the reader read as if traveling abroad, everything is fresh, Another approach is called "domestication". In short, the domestication method is to try to conform to the target language translation norms and cultural characteristics, without the translation of the "foreign

26、er", the reader will feel as intimate as their mother tongue.Domestic Study:In modern Chinese history, free translation and domestication has been the mainstream of literary translation. Yan Fu and Lin Shu are both significant translators, and they both practiced domestication in their translat

27、ions. Chinese modern prose translation belongs to the category of literary translation. When it comes to the domestication in the translation of Chinese prose, it is necessary to start with the application of domestication in literary translation. In fact, there has been much discussion about whethe

28、r literary translation is a domesticated translation or a foreignized translation. Many scholars and translators also expressed their views and many different opinions were shared. In his 2002 paper in the Chinese Translation, Professor Sun Zhili observes that China's literary translation will g

29、radually transform from domestication to foreignization. He wrote that the translation of Chinese literature in the 21st century will further tend to foreignized translation, and the core of it is to try to interpret the heterogeneous elements of the original, specifically, is to try to convey the o

30、riginal exotic cultural characteristics, foreign language forms, as well as the author's unusual writing techniques. Another scholar, Guo Jianzhong (2009), argues that both domestication and foreignization can achieve their respective missions in the culture of the target language, and thus have

31、 their own value in view of different purposes, text types, author intentions and readership. This paper tends to elaborate that at all events, domestication strategy is always an important guiding principle of literary translation.本研究的问题、理论、方法和视角：问题：以三篇选定散文为例，分析张培基先生在英译中文散文时所运用的归化策略。理论：归化策略方法：文献分析法

32、和定量分析视角：从翻译策略的角度，对比张培基先生的英译散文及其原文，分析其英译过程中使用的归化策略，以及归化策略在英译散文中不可或缺的重要指导作用。Question, Theories, Methodology and Perspective：Question：Analysis of Zhang Peiji's Domesticating Strategy in his worksTheories：Domestication StrategyMethodology：Literature Analysis and Quantitative AnalysisPerspective：From

33、 the perspective of translation strategies, this paper analyzes the English translation of the selected examples from modern Chinese essays translated by Zhang Peiji.本研究的主要观点和重难点:主要观点：翻译策略能在很大程度上影响译作的质量和读者的感受。本研究从翻译策略的角度，探讨张培基先生在英译散文时所使用的归化策略，通过分析具体实例来证明，散文英译时，归化策略能使目的语读者更深刻的理解源语意境。重难点：选定三篇适用的散文，从归化

34、角度寻找其中的实例，对实例进行分析Main Point of View and Difficulty:Main Point of View：Translation strategies can greatly influence the quality of translations and readers' feelings. From the perspective of translation strategies, this paper explores the domestication strategy and concrete examples in the transl

35、ation of Chinese modern prose. So as to prove that domestication can allow the target language readers to have a profound understanding about the conception of source language.Difficulty：Pinpoint the case of Zhang Peiji 's translation from the Perspective of Domestication, and selecting the essa

36、ys fit for this study.详细提纲:第1章引言1.1归化策略理论1.2张培基及其散文翻译第2章归化策略在选定散文中的应用 2.1 介绍三篇散文 2.1.1三篇散文的中文语言特点 2.1.2 译文的英语语言特点 2.2 选定散文的译文中归化策略的体现 2.2.1 词法层面 2.2.2 句法层面 2.2.3 文本层面 2.3 原文和译文的比较 2.4 归化策略在英译散文中的积极作用第3章 结论参考文献写作进程:2015年9月28日 与指导老师联系/见面/沟通，讨论论文方向和选题 2015年10月 做读书笔记2015年10月31日 填写开题报告的所有内容，并提交论文开题报告2015

37、年11月1日-12月31日论文正文写作2016年1月3日 提交论文正文初稿，毕业论文中期检查2016年2月10日 提供初稿反馈意见2016年3月7日 提供修改稿12016年3月21日 提供修改稿1反馈意见2016年3月28日 提供修改稿22016年4月4日 做好参考书目2016年4月11日 提供修改稿3，按要求做好参考书目2016年4月17日 做好论文正文前的材料（封面、序言、目录） 2016年4月24日 提供修改稿4，按要求做好正文前材料2016年4月29日 提交定稿2016年5月5日 毕业论文答辩参考书目: 1 蔡平.翻译方法应以归化为主J/OL.中国翻译,2002,23(5). 2 陈洋.归化为主的中国现代散文翻译方法以张培基散文译著为例J/OL.河北北方学院学报(社会科学版),2012,28(1). 3 戴祥萍.归化与异化以张培基英译中国现代散文选为例D/OL.上海师范大学,2011. 4 胡德春.张培基先生中译英艺术探J/OL.孝感学院学报,2002,21(4).5 李书红.翻译中比喻说法的归化与异化D/OL.西北师范大学，2003. 6 罗选民.论文化/语言层面的异化/归化翻译J/OL.外语学刊，2004(1). 7