英国文学期末必背考点

1、这个好像是去年的考点和题型English literature summary填空题（主要诗人与代表作与原文填空）l Earliest form of English literature: songs.l The literature of Anglo-Saxon period falls into 2 divisions: Pagan<Beowulf>and Christian. The 14th century: Geoffrey Chaucer: <The Canterbury Tales> The renaissance: William Shakespear

2、e: four great tragedies: <Othello>, <King Lear>, <Macbeth>, <Hamlet>The 17th centuryl John Milton: <Paradise Lost><Paradise Regained> John Bunyan: <Vanity Fair> John Donne: <A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning> The 18th centuryl Daniel Defoe:<Robinso

3、n Crusoe> <Journal of the Plague Year> l The only dramatist in 18th century and can compete with William: Master of Comedy of manners. Richard Brinsley Sheridan: <The School for Scandal>l The great satirist in 18th century Jonathan Swift: <Gullivers Travels>l The great Scottish

4、poets-Robert Burns: <Auld Lang Syne>The 19th centuryl Lake School: William Wordsworth: <She dwelt among The Untrodden Ways><The Solitary Reaper> Samuel Taylor Coleridge:<The Rime of the Ancient Mariner><Kubla Khan> <Christable>l The Younger Generation: George Gord

5、on Byron: <Don Juan> <The Isles of Greece> Percy Bysshe Shelley: <Queen Mab> <Ode To The West Wind><Prometheus Unbound> John Keats: <Ode to a Nightingale><Ode to a Grecian Urn>The Victorian agel Two great novelist: Charles Dickens:<Oliver Twist&

6、gt; <A Tale of Two Cities> William Makepeace Thackeray :< Vanity Fair> Charlotte Bronte: <Jane Eyre> Emily Bronte: <Wuthering Heights> Anne Bronte: <Agnes Grey>原文填空：<sonnet 18><of Studies><She Walks in Beauty><A Red, Red Rose>对错（判断题）l Two writers

7、 of “the stream of consciousness”：Virginia Woolf, James Joycel Oscar Wilde: “Art of Arts Sake” <The Portrait of Dorian Gray>l Two important novels of Thomas Hardy: <Tess> <DUrbervilles>The 18th century:l Henry Fielding: “Father of the English novel” <Joseph Andrews> Style: Sa

8、tiricl Richard Brinsley Sheridan: Master of Comedy of manners.<The School for Scandal>l Alexander Pope: <The Rape of the Lock>l Thomas Gray: <Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard>l WilliamBlake:<The Songs of Innocence><The Songs of Experience><Poetical Sketch> l

9、Robert Burns:< Auld Lang Syne><A Red, Red Rose>19th Century English Literature-The Romantic Periodl Lake School: William Wordsworth (praising nature, daily life) Samuel Taylor Coleridge (mystic).l The Younger Generation: George Gordon, Lord Byron(Byronic Hero)Percy Bysshe Shelley(untamed

10、 spirit)John Keats(beauty is truth, truth beauty)l William Wordsworth: <She dwelt among The Untrodden Ways><The Solitary Reaper>l William Wordsworths philosophy: All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingl Major elements of William Wordsworths poetry: poet of nature;

11、 poet of human heartl Samuel Taylor Coleridge:<The Rime of the Ancient Mariner><Kubla Khan> <Christable>l George Gordon Byron: <Don Juan> <The Isles of Greece><Childe Harold Pilgrimage>-Spenserian stanza; fight against invasion and oppression; fights for libertyl

12、Percy Bysshe Shelley: <Queen Mab> <Ode To The West Wind><Prometheus Unbound>名词解释一、诗歌体裁（sonnet, ode, elegy）l Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter, and generally expresses a single theme or idea.l Ode: A complex and often lengthy l

13、yric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event. l Elegy: A poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing of lif

14、e and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem. 二、诗歌形式（iambic pentameter, blank verse, heroic couplet）l Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb. I

15、ambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry. l Blank Verse: Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. The verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry, including that of W. Shakespeare and John Milton.l Heroic couplet: rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter三、Au

16、thurian Romancesl Authurian Romances: It was a popular literal form during the Middle and Feudal Age of England after the invasion of France. It was about the romantic remounts happening in the class of knighthood. 四、意识流 “stream of consciousness”l The stream of consciousness: It is a continuously in

17、ner movement of sense-perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories in the human minds, or literal method of representing a blending mental process in fiction characters, usually an unpunctuated or disjointed form of interior monologue.五、文学流派（renaissance, enlightenment, Romanism, critical realism）l

18、Renaissance: A cultural movement that spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The key of renaissance is humanism.l Enlightenment: The Enlightenment on the whole, was an intellectual movement and an expression of struggle of

19、the progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism in the 18th century. l Romanism: Romanism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the later half of the 18th century. It first made its appearance in England as a renewed interest in medieval literature. It prevailed in Englan

20、d during the period 17981832.l Critical realism: English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a

21、 democratic viewpoint.简答文学流派（renaissance, enlightenment, Romanism, critical realism）l Renaissance: A cultural movement that spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The key of renaissance is humanism. The features of renaissa

22、nce were the revival of the study of Greek and Latin authors and the keen interest in human life and human activities. The key element of renaissance was humanism. The most well-known people in this period were William Shakespeare and Francis Bacon. Their masterpieces were <Hamlet>, <Macbet

23、h> and <of Studies> respectively.l Enlightenment: The Enlightenment on the whole, was an intellectual movement and an expression of struggle of the progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism in the 18th century. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudice

24、s and other survivals of feudalism. The famous enlighteners in this period were Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift. Daniel Defoe was famous for his masterpiece-<Robinson Crusoe> while Jonathan Swift was famous for <Gullivers Travels>.l Romanism: Romanism as a literary movement prevailed in

25、England during the period 17981832.The publication of the Lyrical Ballads in 1798the joint work of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridgemarked the beginning of the romantic age in England while it ended with Walter Scotts death in 1832. The romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment

26、of those classes and social strata that were discontent with, and opposed to, the development of capitalism. Its an age of poetry. William Wordsworth with his masterpiece <She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Way> and G.G.Bayon with his masterpiece <Don Juan> were famous in this period.l Critic

27、al realism: English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.重点人物性格分析（Hamlet

28、, Robinson, Byronic hero, <My Last Duchess>）Hamletl What caused Hamlets hesitations? <1>Ghost only appears to him, not convincing enough maybe a malicious demon in a favorable disguise <2>as a prince - to set the whole “world right”; as a prince - thoughts of his people. <3>

29、to keep the moral integrity of an intellectual. <4> belief of providence.<5> Not the right time l Hamlets central moral dilemma transcends the Elizabethan period, making him a man for all ages. Robinson Crusoel The most important character in Crusoe? <1>the embodiment of Puritan sp

30、irit of hard work, indomitable will and creative labor; persistence, independence, and intelligence in the development of capitalism. <2>Value orientation<3>Utilitarianism, practicalism<4>There is an everyman in him, so every man enjoys it. <5>Satisfaction of the need of expa

31、nsion.<5>Satisfaction of curiosity.Byronic hero l whose attributes include:<1>Of noble birth; <2>having great talent;<3>hiding an unsavory past; <4>being a rebel; <5>having a distaste for social institutions; <6>expressing a lack of respect for rank; <7&g

32、t;being an exile; <8>being highly passionate; <9>Untamed spirit to fight for liberty; <10>carrying on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs<My Last Duchess> dramatic monologuel In a dramatic moment or a crisis, the characters are made to talk about their lives,

33、their minds and hearts. In “listening” to those one-sided talks, readers can form their own opinions and judgments about the speakers personality and about what has really happened. 原文选读（4选2）<My Last Duchess> <She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Way><Vanity Fair><A Valediction><

34、A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning>l Symbols: <1>Death-Departure. <2>Melt-Physically and spiritually mixed together. <3>the earthquake /the sphere-Physical separation / the union of souls in a relationship. <4>the circle-Perfection of the relationship. <5>Gold-Love (can spread widely and will not change for the distance). <6>the compasses, the two feet-Combination of two lovers; closely related to each other. A relationship ca