linux分区及逻辑卷划分

1、划分磁盘阵列和创建逻辑卷标题内容01创建磁盘阵列分区介绍如何创建磁盘阵列分区。02创建逻辑卷组和逻辑卷介绍如何创建逻辑卷组和逻辑卷。03绑定逻辑卷和裸设备介绍如何绑定逻辑卷和裸设备。1创建磁盘阵列分区任务说明执行此任务可以手动格式化磁盘阵列并根据需要创建新的分区。本节以在双机上创建分区/dev/sdc1为例，给出手动创建磁盘分区的方法。操作时请根据实际的安装规划调整分区的具体信息。操作指引创建磁盘阵列的磁盘分区操作步骤如下：步骤 1 以root用户登录主节点。步骤 2 检查磁盘阵列的分区信息。# fdisk -l屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 400

2、07756288 bytes64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 38154 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 1024 1048560 82 Linux swap/dev/sda2 1025 11264 10485760 83 Linux/dev/sda3 11265 38154 27535360 83 Linux255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinde

3、rsUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition tableDisk /dev/sdc: 73.1 GB, 73139224576 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8892 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table从以上加

4、粗的信息可以看出磁盘阵列里的逻辑盘sdb和sdc没有划分分区。步骤 3 格式化磁盘。# fdisk /dev/sdc屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8892.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2

5、) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)步骤 4 查看fdisk命令的参数。Command (m for help):m屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n

6、 add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionali

7、ty (experts only)步骤 5 查看磁盘/dev/sdc的分区表。Command (m for help):p屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。Disk /dev/sdc: 73.1 GB, 73139224576 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8892 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System步骤 6 给磁盘/dev/sdc添加新的分区。Command (m for help):n屏幕显示信息如下（

8、供参考）。Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4)步骤 7 配置分区信息。1. 输入“p”，设定分区为主分区，按“Enter”键。2. 输入“1”，划分/dev/sdc1分区，按“Enter”键。Partition number (1-4):13. 输入柱面开始位置，按“Enter”键。First cylinder (1-8892, default 1):14. 输入柱面结束位置，按“Enter”键。Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8892, default 8892):8

9、892步骤 8 设置分区ID。1. 输入修改分区编号的命令。Command (m for help):t2. 输入待修改的分区编号。Partition number (1-4): 13. 输入分区类型“8e”。Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e步骤 9 查看磁盘/dev/sdc的分区表，检查分区是否成功。Command (m for help):p屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。Disk /dev/sdc: 73.1 GB, 73139224576 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8892 cylindersUnits = c

10、ylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 8892 71424958+ 8e Linux LVM步骤 10 将分区信息写入分区表并退出fdisk命令。Command (m for help):w屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.WARNING: Re-reading the partition table

11、failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.The kernel still uses the old table.The new table will be used at the next reboot.Syncing disks.步骤 11 重启操作系统。# reboot步骤 12 检查磁盘阵列的分区信息。# fdisk -l屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 40007756288 bytes64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 38154 cylindersUnits = cyl

12、inders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 1024 1048560 82 Linux swap/dev/sda2 1025 11264 10485760 83 Linux/dev/sda3 11265 38154 27535360 5 Extended/dev/sda5 11265 21504 10485744 83 Linux/dev/sda6 21505 37888 16777200 83 Linux255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1

13、5665 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition tableDisk /dev/sdc: 73.1 GB, 73139224576 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8892 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1

14、1 8892 71424958+ 8e Linux LVM-结束2创建逻辑卷组和逻辑卷任务说明执行此任务可以手动创建物理卷、逻辑卷组和逻辑卷。l 上一节划分了分区/dev/sdc1。本节在双机上以/dev/sdc1为物理卷创建逻辑卷组oracledg及其逻辑卷为例，介绍如何手动创建逻辑卷组和逻辑卷。l 逻辑卷组oracledg的逻辑卷划分以安装规划为准。操作指引创建逻辑卷组和逻辑卷操作步骤如下：步骤 1 以root用户登录主节点。步骤 2 创建物理卷。# pvcreate /dev/sdc1屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。Physical volume "/dev/sdc1"

15、successfully created步骤 3 检查物理卷创建是否成功。# pvscan屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。 PV /dev/sdc1 lvm2 34.06 GB Total: 1 34.06 GB / in use: 0 0 / in no VG: 1 34.06 GB步骤 4 创建逻辑卷组。# vgcreate oracledg /dev/sdc1屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。Volume group "oracledg" successfully created步骤 5 检查逻辑卷组创建是否成功。# vgscan屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。 Reading a

16、ll physical volumes. This may take a while. Found volume group "oracledg" using metadata type lvm2步骤 6 创建逻辑卷。oracledg下的逻辑卷在自动安装时只创建了前20个。在后来的使用中可以根据需要继续创建余下的逻辑卷。# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_system oracledg# lvcreate -L 1024M -n lv_redo01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 1024M -n lv_redo02 oracledg# lvcr

17、eate -L 1024M -n lv_redo03 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_tools01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_rbs oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_undotdbs01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_tmp01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 512M -n lv_users01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_index01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 256

18、M -n lv_control01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 256M -n lv_control02 oracledg# lvcreate -L 256M -n lv_control03 oracledg# lvcreate -L 128M -n lv_spfile oracledg# lvcreate -L 1024M -n lv_xdb01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 1024M -n lv_drsys01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 512M -n lv_example01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n

19、lv_oracledg01 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_oracledg02 oracledg# lvcreate -L 2048M -n lv_oracledg03 oracledg步骤 7 激活逻辑卷。# vgchange -ay oracledg步骤 8 检查逻辑卷创建和激活是否成功。# vgdisplay -v oracledg屏幕显示中有如下信息。（仅供参考） Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "oracledg" - Volume group - VG Name

20、oracledg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 20 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 19 Open LV 6 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 136.23 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 34874 Alloc PE / Size 5856 / 22.88 GB Free PE / Size 29018 / 113.35 GB VG UUID uREPqr-6z

21、tw-UD7z-4uO2-pFk0-fm8C-1bjQ9w - Logical volume - LV Name /dev/oracledg/lv_system VG Name oracledg LV UUID xORLtM-qKRH-6eyU-c5VR-ev9s-i1eS-R3iOnS LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GB Current LE 512 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:

22、0 - Logical volume - LV Name /dev/oracledg/lv_redo01 VG Name oracledg LV UUID ZcRm28-Q2vP-aQIG-h6pu-q7gj-sm3Z-uz1xvD LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 1.00 GB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:1 - Logical volume - LV Name

23、 /dev/oracledg/lv_redo02 VG Name oracledg LV UUID U5ro3i-82IP-VLr7-1pt5-vd0P-1rLA-qceEH7 LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 1.00 GB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:2 - Logical volume - LV Name /dev/oracledg/lv_redo03 VG

24、Name oracledg LV UUID 2uvyu6-tnL5-b6s9-h1kx-B2oT-3hTd-mI2syv LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 1.00 GB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:3. - Physical volumes - PV Name /dev/sdb PV UUID 0gTLF7-Ua4g-Gg61-ryZ0-J117-jasW-JAp

25、8DH PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 30719 / 24863屏幕显示信息中第二行加粗表示oracledg创建成功。屏幕显示信息中“Logical volume”段中加粗的“available”表示该逻辑卷已经激活。-结束3绑定逻辑卷和裸设备任务说明执行此任务可以将创建的逻辑卷与裸设备绑定。上一节创建了逻辑卷组oracledg及其逻辑卷，本节以在双机上将逻辑卷组oracledg下的逻辑卷和裸设备绑定为例，介绍绑定逻辑卷和裸设备的方法。操作指引绑定逻辑卷和裸设备操作步骤如下：步骤 1 以root用户登录主节点。步骤 2 进入raw文件所在目录

26、。# cd /dev/raw步骤 3 检查raw文件序号。# ls -al系统自带15个raw文件，在没有添加新的raw文件情况下屏幕显示信息如下（供参考）。drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 408 Jul 19 14:32 .drwxr-xr-x 41 root root 182712 Sep 6 15:17 .crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 1 Jul 19 14:32 raw1crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 10 May 24 2005 raw10crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 11 May 24 2005 raw11cr

27、w-rw- 1 root disk 162, 12 May 24 2005 raw12crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 13 May 24 2005 raw13crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 14 May 24 2005 raw14crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 15 May 24 2005 raw15crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 2 Jul 19 14:32 raw2crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 3 Jul 19 14:32 raw3crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 4 Jul 19

28、14:32 raw4crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 5 May 24 2005 raw5crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 6 May 24 2005 raw6crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 7 May 24 2005 raw7crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 8 May 24 2005 raw8crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 9 May 24 2005 raw9步骤 4 检查raw文件占用情况。# raw -qal 如果raw文件没有被占用，则不会显示信息。l 如果raw文件有被占用，屏幕显示类似如下信息（供

29、参考）。/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 253, minor 5/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 253, minor 6/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 253, minor 7/dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 253, minor 8步骤 5 创建逻辑卷需要绑定的裸设备raw文件节点。# mknod /dev/raw/raw16 c 162 16# mknod /dev/raw/raw17 c 162 17# mknod /dev/raw/raw18 c 162 18# mknod /

30、dev/raw/raw19 c 162 19# mknod /dev/raw/raw20 c 162 20l raw文件序号具有唯一性，新建的raw文件编号必须从“16”开始。l 逻辑卷组oracledg下创建了20个逻辑卷，所以需要20个raw文件，这里再创建5个即可。l 如果实际情况编号最大的裸设备不是raw15而是rawN（N是自然数），则这里从raw(N1)开始创建直到raw20即可。步骤 6 修改创建的raw文件节点的属主。# chown -R root:disk raw16# chown -R root:disk raw17# chown -R root:disk raw18# c

31、hown -R root:disk raw19# chown -R root:disk raw20步骤 7 检查raw文件节点是否创建成功，属主是否修改正确。# ls al屏幕显示如下信息表明属主修改正确，注意加粗的地方（供参考）。drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 23 20:21 .drwxr-xr-x 34 root root 118784 Dec 27 17:44 .crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 1 May 24 2005 raw1crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 10 May 24 2005 raw10crw-rw- 1

32、 root disk 162, 11 May 24 2005 raw11crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 12 May 24 2005 raw12crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 13 May 24 2005 raw13crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 14 May 24 2005 raw14crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 15 May 24 2005 raw15crw-rw- 1 root disk 162, 16 Dec 23 20:21 raw16步骤 8 绑定逻辑卷和裸设备。# raw /dev/raw/raw1 /de

33、v/oracledg/lv_system# raw /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/oracledg/lv_redo01# raw /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/oracledg/lv_redo02# raw /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/oracledg/lv_redo03# raw /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/oracledg/lv_tools01# raw /dev/raw/raw6 /dev/oracledg/lv_rbs# raw /dev/raw/raw7 /dev/oracledg/lv_undotdbs01# raw /dev/raw/raw8

34、/dev/oracledg/lv_tmp01# raw /dev/raw/raw9 /dev/oracledg/lv_users01# raw /dev/raw/raw10 /dev/oracledg/lv_index01# raw /dev/raw/raw11 /dev/oracledg/lv_control01# raw /dev/raw/raw12 /dev/oracledg/lv_control02# raw /dev/raw/raw13 /dev/oracledg/lv_control03# raw /dev/raw/raw14 /dev/oracledg/lv_spfile# ra

35、w /dev/raw/raw15 /dev/oracledg/lv_xdb01# raw /dev/raw/raw16 /dev/oracledg/lv_drsys01# raw /dev/raw/raw17 /dev/oracledg/lv_example01# raw /dev/raw/raw18 /dev/oracledg/lv_oracledg01# raw /dev/raw/raw19 /dev/oracledg/lv_oracledg02# raw /dev/raw/raw20 /dev/oracledg/lv_oracledg03步骤 9 使逻辑卷和裸设备的绑定永久生效。1. 编辑/etc/init.d/boot.local文件。# vi /etc/init.d/boot.local2. 在/etc/init.d/boot.local文件的最后添加如下信息。raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/oracledg/lv_systemraw