7【工程实验室】【RIPv2配置】

1、实验RIPv2 配置【实验名称】RIPv2 配置。【实验目的】理解 RIP 两个版本之间的区别，掌握如何配置 RIPv2。【背景描述】假设在校园网在地理上分为 2 个区域，每个区域内分别有一台路由器连接了 2 个子网，需要将两台路由器通过以太网链路连接在一起并进行适当的配置，以实现这 4 个子网之间的互联互通。为了在未来每个校园区域扩充子网数量的时候，管理员不需要同时更改路由器的配置，计划使用 RIP 路由协议实现子网之间的互通。【需求分析】两台路由器通过快速以太网端口连接在一起，每个路由器上设置 2 个 Loopback 端口模拟子网，在所有端口运行 RIP 路由协议，实现所有子网间的互通。

2、【实验拓扑】图 72 实验拓扑图【实验设备】路由器2 台【预备知识】路由器的工作原理和基本配置方法，距离矢量路由协议，RIP 工作原理，RIPv1 和 RIPv2的区别，RIPv2 的配置方法【实验原理】RIP 协议有两个版本 RIPv1 和 RIPv2。RIPv1 属于有类路由协议，不支持 VLSM（变长子网掩码），RIPv1 是以广播的形式进行路由信息的更新的；更新周期为 30 秒。RIPv2 属于无类路由协议，支持 VLSM（变长子网掩码），RIPv2 是以组播的形式进行路由信息的更新的，组播地址是。RIPv2 还支持基于端口的认证，提高网络的安全性。【实验步骤】第一步：配置两台路由器的

3、主机名、接口 IP 地址RSR20#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.RSR20(config)#hostname RouterARouterA(config)#RouterA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0RouterA(config-if)#no shutdownRouterA(config-if)#exitRouterA(config)#RouterA(config)#interface loopback 0RouterA(con

4、fig-if)#Aug 15 23:46:32 RouterA %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE:Interface Loopback 0, changed state to UPRouterA(config-if)#exitRouterA(config)#RouterA(config)#interface loopback 1RouterA(config-if)#Aug 15 23:47:00 RouterA %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE:Interface Loopback 1, changed state to UPRouterA(config-if)

5、#exitRSR20#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.RSR20(config)#hostname RouterBRouterB(config)#RouterB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0RouterB(config-if)#no shutdownRouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config)#RouterB(config)#interface loopback 0RouterB(config-if)

6、#Aug 8 21:00:00 RouterB %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE:Interface Loopback 0, changed state to UPRouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config)#RouterB(config)#interface loopback 1RouterB(config-if)#Aug 8 21:00:28 RouterB %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE:Interface Loopback 1, changed state to UPRouterB(config-if)#exit第二步：

7、在两台路由器上启用 RIPv2，但不关闭自动汇总RouterA(config)#router ripRouterA(config-router)#version 2！配置使用 RIPv2RouterA(config-router)#exitRouterB(config)#router ripRouterB(confiRouterB(config-router)#version 2RouterB(config-router)#exit第三步：查看路由表从路由表中可以看到，仍然只有 B 类主网络 和 A 类主网络 出现在路由表之中。虽然 RIPv2 支持 VLSM，但 RouterA 和 Rout

8、erB 都是边界路由器，分别是 B 类主网络 和 C 类主网络 的边界、A 类主网络和 C 类主网络 的边界，因此在执行自动的路由汇总。RouterA#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS

9、-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setRCCCCCC10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:10, FastEthernet 0/0172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 1192.168.1.0/24 is directly conne

10、cted, FastEthernet 0/0RouterB#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS in

11、ter area* - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setC 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0C 10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 1.1/32 is local host.RCC172.16.0.0/16 120/1 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet 0/0192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0第四步：关

12、闭自动路由汇总RouterA(config)#router ripRouterA(config-router)#no auto-summary！关闭 RIPv2 的自动路由汇总功能RouterA(config-router)#endRouterB(config)#router ripRouterB(config-router)#no auto-summaryRouterB(config-router)#end第五步：查看 RIP 配置信息，路由表RouterA#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - O

13、SPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setR 10.1.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.1.2,

14、 00:00:03, FastEthernet 0/0R 10.2.2.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet 0/0C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0connected, Loopback 1C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0！可以看到 RIP 路由表中已经学习到了子网的路由RouterA#show ip ripRouting Protocol is ripSending updates e

15、very 30 seconds, next due in 23 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, flushed after 120 secondsOutgoing update filter list for all interface is: not setIncoming update filter list for all interface is: not setDefault redistribution metric is 1Redistributing:Default version control: send version 2, recei

16、ve version 2Interface Send Recv Key-chainFastEthernet 0/0 2 2Loopback 0 2 2Loopback 1 2 2Routing for Networks:Distance: (default is 120)！在配置 RIPv2 版本后，RIP 路由器将只接收和发送版本 2 的更新报文RouterA#show ip rip database1 via 192.168.1.2 FastEthernet 0/0 00:281 via 192.168.1.2 FastEthernet 0/0 00:281 directly connec

17、ted, Loopback 01 directly connected, Loopback 11 directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0！RIP 的数据库中保存了子网条目的信息RouterA#show ip rip interfaceFastEthernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 B

18、roadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:FastEthernet 0/1 is down, line protocol is downRIP is not enabled on this interfaceNull 0 is up, line protocol is upRIP is not enabled on this interfaceLoopback 0 is up, line protocol is upRouting P

19、rotocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:Loopback 1 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets only

20、Send RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:RouterB#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA externa

21、l type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setC 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0C 10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected,

22、 Loopback 1RRCC172.16.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:22, FastEthernet 0/0172.16.2.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:22, FastEthernet 0/0192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0RouterB#show ip ripRouting Protocol is ripSending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 22 secondsInvalid

23、 after 180 seconds, flushed after 120 secondsOutgoing update filter list for all interface is: not setIncoming update filter list for all interface is: not setDefault redistribution metric is 1Redistributing:Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2Interface Send Recv Key-chainFastE

24、thernet 0/0Loopback 0Loopback 1222222Routing for Networks:Distance: (default is 120)RouterB#RouterB#show ip rip datRouterB#show ip rip database1 directly connected, Loopback 01 directly connected, Loopback 11 via 192.168.1.1 FastEthernet 0/0 00:021 via 192.168.1.1 FastEthernet 0/0 00:021 directly co

25、nnected, FastEthernet 0/0RouterB#show ip rip interfaceFastEthernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not Configure

26、dIP interface address:FastEthernet 0/1 is down, line protocol is downRIP is not enabled on this interfaceNull 0 is up, line protocol is upRIP is not enabled on this interfaceLoopback 0 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface:

27、DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:Loopback 1 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broad

28、cast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:第六步：测试网络连通性Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/10 msSending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 10.2.2.1, timeout is

29、 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 msSending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 msSending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate i

30、s 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/10 ms第七步：用 debug 命令观察路由器接收和发生路由更新的情况下面是一个完整的 RIPv2 路由器接收更新和发送更新的过程，从中可以看到 RouterB接收到了 RouterA 发送的更新，其中包含两条路由信息 和（可以看到水平分割原则的作用），然后刷新了路由表。RouterB 本身发送的更新报文则在 Fa0/0、Lo0 和 Lo1 三个端口发出，使用组播方式，组播地址为，使用的是 UDP 520 端口。在水平分割的原则下，每个端口发送的路由信息均不相同。注意 RIPv2 的更新报文格

31、式和 RIPv1 的不同。RouterB#debug ip ripRouterB#Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP RIP recveived packet, sock=2125src=192.168.1.1 len=44Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP Cancel peer remove timerAug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7:RIP Peer remove timer shedule.Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP Both do not need auth, Auth okmas

32、k 255.255.255.0 nhop 0.0.0.0 metric 1mask 255.255.255.0 nhop 0.0.0.0 metric 1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP Received version 2 response packetAug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIProutesrc=192.168.1.1 intf=1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIPAug8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 RIP route refresh!Aug 8 21:

33、58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 RIP distance apply from192.168.1.1!Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 ready to refresh kernel.distance=120 metric=1 nexthop_num=1 distance=120 nexhop=192.168.1.1 ifindex=1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 cancel route timerAug 8 21:58:08 Route

34、rB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 route timer schedule.Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIProutesrc=192.168.1.1 intf=1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIPAug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 RIP route refresh!Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 RIP distance apply from192.168.1.1!Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %

35、7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 ready to refresh kernel.distance=120 metric=1 nexthop_num=1 distance=120 nexhop=192.168.1.1 ifindex=1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 cancel route timerAug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 route timer schedule.Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Output timer expir

36、ed to send reponseAug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST response.Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520 onFastEthernet 0/0Aug 8 2

37、1:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST response.Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on Loopback 0Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520 onLoopback 0Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST response.Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Building update en