电气工程及其自动化

1、电气工程及其自动化专业英语2Chapter 3 Power Electronic Technology 3New Words And Phrases Notes Text TranslationExercises Translation Skills 4semiconductor n. 半导体半导体power electronic n. 电力电子电力电子loss n. 损耗，损失损耗，损失parasitic a. 寄生的，附加的寄生的，附加的winding n. 绕组，线圈；一圈，一转绕组，线圈；一圈，一转transformer n. 变压器，变换器，变量器变压器，变换器，变量器dielect

2、ric n. 介质，电介质，绝缘材料；介质，电介质，绝缘材料；a. 绝缘的，绝缘的，介电的，介质的，不导电的介电的，介质的，不导电的eddy n. 涡流，漩涡；涡流，漩涡；a. 涡流的，涡旋的；涡流的，涡旋的；v. 涡流，涡流，起漩涡起漩涡hysteresis n. 磁滞，滞后，迟滞磁滞，滞后，迟滞on-state a. 通态的，接通的，开态通态的，接通的，开态off-state a. 关态的，断开的，断态的关态的，断开的，断态的New Words And Phrases 5microamp n. 微安微安milliamp n. 毫安毫安steering n. 转向，操纵，控制，调整转向，操纵

3、，控制，调整buildup n. 形成，产生，出现；增加，增大，上形成，产生，出现；增加，增大，上升；建造，建起升；建造，建起ramp v. 斜变，倾斜，直线上升斜变，倾斜，直线上升waveform n. 波形波形clamp v. 箝位，定位，使固定箝位，定位，使固定snubbering n. 缓冲缓冲zero-voltage a. 电压过零的电压过零的zero-current a. 电流过零的电流过零的New Words And Phrases 6Notes1. These switches are meant to be the substitutions of the mechanica

4、l switches, but they are severely limited by the properties of the semiconductor materials and the process of manufacturing. 虽然这些开关意味着机械开关的取代物，但是它虽然这些开关意味着机械开关的取代物，但是它们受半导体材料的性能及开关生产过程的限制非们受半导体材料的性能及开关生产过程的限制非常大。常大。7Notes2. The practical switching devices have limited capabilities of rate of voltage

5、 transition and the rate of current steering. These nonabrupt transition rates give rise to power losses in the switching devices.实际开关装置限制了电压变换速率和电流换向速实际开关装置限制了电压变换速率和电流换向速率。非突变引起了开关装置的功率损失。率。非突变引起了开关装置的功率损失。8Notes3. After the switch voltage reaches zero, the current through the switch begins to dec

6、rease below I0, as the remaining current is now steered through the diode V1, which has now turned on.开关两端的电压降为零后，流经开关的电流开关两端的电压降为零后，流经开关的电流开始降至开始降至I0以下，该残余电流被引入已经导以下，该残余电流被引入已经导通的二极管通的二极管V1。9Notes4. The switching power losses increase linearly with the switching frequency like in the resistive case

7、 but about six times more.开关功率损耗像电阻情况下一样随着开关频开关功率损耗像电阻情况下一样随着开关频率的增加呈线性规律增加，只是增加倍数大率的增加呈线性规律增加，只是增加倍数大约是六倍。约是六倍。10Notes5. The capacitor is assumed to be large so that voltage through it in steady state is nearly constant U0. Assume that initially the switch is on, hence, the current through the swit

8、ch is Is. The capacitor voltage is U0, the voltage across the switch is zero and the diodeV1is reverse biased.假设电容器很大，致使在稳态状态下其两端的电压假设电容器很大，致使在稳态状态下其两端的电压接近为常数接近为常数U0。假使开关开始处于闭合状态，则。假使开关开始处于闭合状态，则通过开关的电流为通过开关的电流为Is。电容器的电压为。电容器的电压为U0，开关两，开关两端的电压为零，二极管端的电压为零，二极管V1反向偏置。反向偏置。11New Words And Phrases Note

9、s Text TranslationExercises Translation Skills 12ripple n. 波纹，波度，微波波纹，波度，微波rectifier n. 整流器整流器isolation transformer 隔离变压器隔离变压器interface n. 接口接口Buck converter 降压式变换器，降压式斩波器降压式变换器，降压式斩波器Boost converter 升压式变换器，升压式斩波器升压式变换器，升压式斩波器Buck-Boost converter 升升/降式变换器，升降式变换器，升/降式斩降式斩波器波器quadrant n. 象限，四分之一圆周，九十度

10、弧象限，四分之一圆周，九十度弧step-down a. 降压的，降低的降压的，降低的step-up a. 升压的，升高的升压的，升高的New Words And Phrases 13dual a. 二重的，对偶的二重的，对偶的filter n. v. 滤波，过滤滤波，过滤periodically ad. 周期地周期地portable a. 手提的，轻便的，可携带的手提的，轻便的，可携带的sink n.换能器，变换器，散热器，汇点，收点，换能器，变换器，散热器，汇点，收点，穴，容器，装置穴，容器，装置hypothetical a. 假设的，假定的，有前提的假设的，假定的，有前提的duty rat

11、io 功率比，能量比，负荷比，功率比，能量比，负荷比，turn ratio 匝数比匝数比PWM pulse width modulation 脉冲宽度调制脉冲宽度调制switch-mode power supplies 开关电源开关电源New Words And Phrases 14Notes 1. It must, however, be kept in mind that a step-down voltage converter is also a step-up current converter and vice versa because the input power must

12、equal the output power. 然而，必须记住降压式电压变换器也是升压然而，必须记住降压式电压变换器也是升压式电流变换器，反之亦然，因为输入功率必式电流变换器，反之亦然，因为输入功率必须与输出功率相等。须与输出功率相等。15Notes2. All converters use effective filtering on both the input and the output to reduce the AC components from going outside the converters.所有的滤波器均对输入和输出采用有效的滤波，所有的滤波器均对输入和输出采用有效

13、的滤波，以减少从变换器输出的交流成分。以减少从变换器输出的交流成分。16Notes3. A prominent application of the Buck converter is a DC regulated power supply in which the output voltage is regulated against the variations in the load resistance and the input voltages.降压式变换器的一个著名应用是用于直流可降压式变换器的一个著名应用是用于直流可调电源，调整其输出电压以补偿负荷电阻和调电源，调整其输出电压以

14、补偿负荷电阻和输入电压的变化。输入电压的变化。17New Words And Phrases Notes Text TranslationExercises Translation Skills 18inverter n. 逆变器逆变器uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) 不间断不间断电源电源single-phase a. 单相的单相的three-phase a. 三相的三相的parameter n. 参数参数unidirectional a. 单极性的，单向的单极性的，单向的electromagnetic a. 电磁的电磁的relay v. 中继，转播；中

15、继，转播； n. 继电器继电器New Words And Phrases 19synchronous motor 同步电动机同步电动机torque n. 转矩转矩non-sinusoidal a. 非正弦的非正弦的low-pass 低通低通smoother n. 滤波器，整平器滤波器，整平器polarity n. 极性极性bidirectional a. 双向的双向的harmonics n. 谐波谐波high order harmonics 高次谐波高次谐波induction n. 感应感应New Words And Phrases 20square-wave 方波方波response tim

16、e 响应时间响应时间notching n. ;a. 阶梯式，下凹的，切口，开槽阶梯式，下凹的，切口，开槽step pulse 阶跃脉冲阶跃脉冲MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor MOS 场效应晶体管场效应晶体管IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor 绝缘栅双极型晶体管绝缘栅双极型晶体管 New Words And Phrases 21Notes 1. Analyses of DC-AC converter circuits at low and high frequencies

17、are very similar except that at high frequencies the parasitic capacitances and infuctances, charge storage, and heat localizing problems in switching devices must be taken into account. 除在高频时必须考虑附加电容和电感、电除在高频时必须考虑附加电容和电感、电荷储存及开关内的热聚集问题外，低频和荷储存及开关内的热聚集问题外，低频和高频情况下的逆变器的分析非常相似。高频情况下的逆变器的分析非常相似。22Notes

18、 2. Switches including the diodes are assumed to be ideal and unidirectional, that is, they have zero on-state losses, zero off-state losses, zero switching losses and unrestricted voltage or current carrying capabilities. 假定包含二极管的开关是理想的单向开关，假定包含二极管的开关是理想的单向开关，即其通态损耗、断态损耗及开关损耗均为即其通态损耗、断态损耗及开关损耗均为零且具

19、有无限的电压或电流传送能力。零且具有无限的电压或电流传送能力。23Notes 3. Hence, input and output low-pass filters are generally employed to reduce high frequency components of the non-sinusoidal signals on either side. 因此，通常在输入端和输出端两端均装设因此，通常在输入端和输出端两端均装设低通滤波器以减少非正弦信号中的高频部低通滤波器以减少非正弦信号中的高频部分。分。 24Notes 4. Inverters derived from v

20、oltage source (VSI) are ideally suited for supplying power to a resistive and inductive load and the applications that require constant torque operation of AC motors. 电压源逆变器非常适合为电阻性负荷、电电压源逆变器非常适合为电阻性负荷、电感性负荷及需要恒转矩驱动的交流电动机感性负荷及需要恒转矩驱动的交流电动机的应用场合提供功率。的应用场合提供功率。25Notes 5. Fundamental frequency is either equal to the switching frequency of the inverter (square-wave and PWM inverters) or its simple fraction (1/3, 1/5, and so on) such as in Multiple PWM or sine PWM inverters. 基频要么与逆变器的开关频率相等（方波基频要么与