医学论文英语翻译技巧 - 上海中医药大学

1、2022-2-231中医学术论文写作中医学术论文写作兰凤利兰凤利 上海中医药大学上海中医药大学2022-2-232中医学术论文英文写作中医学术论文英文写作n1 写作目的写作目的n2 论文结构论文结构n3 写作要求写作要求n4 写作方法写作方法2022-2-2331. 写作目的写作目的n发表在国际知名学术期刊，如发表在国际知名学术期刊，如SCI收录期刊。收录期刊。n与中医药有关的与中医药有关的SCI期刊（按期刊（按2005年收录分析）年收录分析）（IF/2004年）：年）：n(1) Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine （1.401）

2、 n(2) Complementary Therapies in Medicine (1.317) (3) Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (0.971 )(4) American Journal of Chinese Medicine (0.593 )(5) Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research （0.341）2022-2-2342 论文结构论文结构 (structure/format)n2.1 扉页扉页 (title page)n2.2 正文正文 (main body)n2.3 附录

3、附录 (appendix)2022-2-2352.1 Title Page 扉页 (TAA)nTitlenAuthors full name and professional addressnAbstract or Summary Objective, Method, Results, ConclusionnKey wordsn(Supported/funded/granted/sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation (标书号、标书号、合同号等）合同号等）/A project funded by the National “86

4、3” Program) 2022-2-2362.2 Main Body 正文(IMRaD)nIntroductionnMaterials and methodsnResults (and)nDiscussionn(Conclusion)2022-2-2372.3 Appendix 附录nAcknowledgement nReferences2022-2-2383 写作要求写作要求 (Requirements)nThe Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (URMSBJ, 5th Ed., 1

5、997) formulated by The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE): 2022-2-2393.1 Introduction 引言nThe purpose of an introduction is to bring the reader into the general area of your study and then state the specific area of study (move from the general to the specific). The introducti

6、on shows the scope of your investigation efforts.2022-2-2310Introduction200 wordsn背景背景Statement of general area or history of problemn意义意义Statement of importance or needn进展进展Statement of previous findings, reports or studies (citations)n目的目的Statement of purpose of current studyn范围范围Statement of spec

7、ific area of problem to be studied2022-2-23113.2 Materials and Methods 材料与方法nReaders must be able to reproduce your results, evaluate the validity of your results and the soundness of your methods, and follow the logic in the paper. 2022-2-2312Materials and Methodsn简要说明研究设计（简要说明研究设计（Study design）n详细

8、说明研究对象：详细说明研究对象：Patients, Subjects, healthy volunteers, animals (sex, age, species, breed, physiological state, etc.)n随机分组方法和选择标准（随机分组方法和选择标准（Methods of any random assignment of subjects to groups and criteria for admission to study groups）n药物（药物（Drug）,激素（激素（hormone）,试剂（试剂（reagent）, 其其它化学品（它化学品（othe

9、r chemicals）, 商标（商标（trademark）,生生产厂家（产厂家（manufacturer）及所在地（）及所在地（location）n简要说明测定方法（简要说明测定方法（Method of measurement）n简要说明统计分析方法（简要说明统计分析方法（Method of statistical analysis） 2022-2-2313Materials and MethodsnApproval from “Institutional Review Board” (“informed consent” from patients and explanation on “

10、Animal Welfare Act”) nRandomized Controlled Trial, RCT: JAMA 1996; 276: 637-639 或或 www. consort-statement. org/statement. HtmnPast tense2022-2-23143.3 Results 结果nThis section tells the reader what happened in your work. Remember: let your results speak for themselves and dont embellish (leave that f

11、or Discussion section) 2022-2-2315ResultsnOverview of the resultsnStatistical significancenStatistical support, such as figures, tables, pictures, etc.2022-2-2316ResultsnIn chronological ordernIntegrated, clear, pithy, correlated, and logicalnPast tensen(present tense: truth or well-known fact, e.g.

12、 Erectile dysfunction is common in men with diabetes.)nSignificant/significance: 2022-2-2317nPoints for attention: Such expressions as “The results tended to be greater than”, “showed no promising trends”, “It could/might be inhibited by” should be avoided.2022-2-23183.4 Discussion 讨论nThe author sho

13、uld tell the reader what the results mean by placing them in the context of previous published studies of the problem.2022-2-2319Discussionn简要说明研究背景简要说明研究背景 (Background)n简要介绍总的发现简要介绍总的发现 (General findings)n介绍具体要点介绍具体要点 (Introduction of points)n与先有发现与先有发现 (若有若有) 进行比较进行比较 (Comparison in the context of

14、 other studies)n意义意义(Suggested meaning)n结论结论 (Conclusion): We conclude thatn前瞻研究前瞻研究 (Future studies)2022-2-2320DiscussionnTensen分清实验过程和结果（分清实验过程和结果（past tense）与）与分析意见（分析意见（present tense）；）；n他人研究结果（他人研究结果（past tense或或present perfect）与本研究结果（）与本研究结果（past tense）；）；n普遍适用的结论（普遍适用的结论（present tense）与）与只适用本

15、研究的结论（只适用本研究的结论（past tense）；）；2022-2-2321DiscussionnThe Use of Parenthesis: however, we believe/think/consider, to our knowledge, in our experience (practice)n避免含糊的倾向避免含糊的倾向：These results seem to suggest that oral sildenafil could be useful in some selected populations and certain conditions.2022-2-

16、23223.5 Acknowledgement 致谢nAlways get the persons approval of your intention to mention him in the acknowledgement and of the form in which you will present the acknowledgement.2022-2-2323AcknowledgementnThis study was supported by Medical Research Funds from State Administration of Traditional Chin

17、ese Medicine.nDr. Wang was supported by a National Research Council Associate-ship. nWe thank Li Yunlong for his assistance with technical aspects of this study.nWe are grateful to Mei Mei for assistance in preparing the manuscript. 2022-2-23243.6 References 参考文献nReference styles should be specific

18、to each journal. nReferences: Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals /journals/resource/unifrqr.htmnE.g.2022-2-2325nVega KJ, Pina I, Krevesky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 199

19、6 Jun 1; 124 (11): 980-3. (标准杂志文章)nRingsven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurse. 2nd ed. Albany (NY): Delmar publisher; 1996. (作者为个人的书或专著) nNorman IJ, Redfern SJ, editors. Mental health care for elderly people. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1996. (有主编的书或专著)2022-2-2326Reference

20、s 参考文献n在排印中在排印中（In Press/Forthcoming）, e.g.nLeshner Al. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine addiction. N Engl J Med. In Press 1996.n个人交流个人交流（personal communication），尽量避免），尽量避免使用（使用（ICMJE），如确需使用，可采用以下形式：），如确需使用，可采用以下形式：nIn a letter received from Robert J Glynn, MD. in January 2005, he stated that nIn a c

21、onversation in March 2006, Denis A Evans, MD reported that nOur findings in this aspect of the study agree with those of Paul A Scherr, PhD (written communication, September 2005) 2022-2-23273.7 others 其它n插图说明：插图说明：Type or print out legends for illustrations using double spacing, starting on a separ

22、ate page.n插图：插图：Design your figures for the appropriate reduction.n表格：表格：A table should be totally self-contained unit of information.2022-2-23284 英文写作英文写作n4.1 论文写作论文写作ABCn4.2 论文标题的撰写论文标题的撰写n4.3 论文摘要的翻译与写作论文摘要的翻译与写作2022-2-23294.1 写作写作ABCn4.1.1 Passive or active?nPatients were instructed on the use o

23、f oral sildenafil. Blood levels were monitored every four hours.nWe instructed each patient on use of oral sildenafil and showed patients how to record blood glucose values every four hours.2022-2-2330n4.1.2 We or I? (single author)n“Resolve to take the great leap and say I. Everybody should by now

24、recognize that a mask is more conspicuous than a face.” Wilson Follett, Modern American UsagenThe author (I)nThis study, this report, this research, this thesis (I)2022-2-2331n4.1.3 写作写作ABCnPrewriting: to select a journal, and read “Instructions to Authors”;nSimple outlining on the basis of your res

25、earch materials;nFrom Interior to Exterior: writing “materials and methods”, “results”, and “discussion” first, then writing “introduction”, “abstract” and “title”. 2022-2-23324.2 论文标题的撰写论文标题的撰写nTitles are to be written to be understood by those in your field, telling them exactly what you have done

26、 in your work. 2022-2-23334.2.1 文题的一般要求nTitles should be short, clear, and amenable to indexing. (JAMA)n1) short and concise: Write in one line (not a sentence), not containing an active verb, not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces, no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those tha

27、t are generally accepted, e.g. DNA, RNA, AIDS, CT; n(Cv could be explained as cardiovascular or costovertebral, etc.)2022-2-2334n2) Informative: State exactly what you want the reader to know about your paper and your work;n3) Indexing: Pack as many key words or indexing terms as possible into the t

28、itle without overloading it, key words not in the title will be in the abstract or can go in the “Key Words” section of the paper, key words are usually in the beginning or ending of the title.2022-2-23354.2.2 简洁简洁 副标题的使用副标题的使用n副标题的作用副标题的作用nA. 突出病例数突出病例数nGallstone Ileus: A Review of 40 CasesnB. 突出重点

29、内容突出重点内容nAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Disease Characteristics and Oral ManifestationsnBalancing: Treatment of Gynecological Diseases2022-2-2336nC. 突出研究方法突出研究方法nUrine Cannabinoid Analysis: An Integrated Multimethod ApproachnD. 突出同位关系突出同位关系nAcademic Dismissals: Due Process 2022-2-2337nE. 解释性用词

30、解释性用词nPancreatitis in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A case report and review of the literaturenExamples of Paired Medicinals: Experiences in Compatibility Developed by Different Schools2022-2-2338nF. 提问或选择提问或选择nIs chronic abdominal pain a surgical symptom or a psychiatric symptom?nChronic abdo

31、minal pain: a surgical or psychiatric symptom? 2022-2-23394.2.3 介词的使用 research on nmanagement fornobservation onnexperience innintroduction toncontrast betweennsurgery for2022-2-23404.2.4 格式n1) 词组式词组式nSome Aspects of Renal TumorsnEffects of Glucose on Neuroblastoma in Vitro and in VivonPattern Ident

32、ification and Treatment of DysmenorrheanExperiences in Treating Infantile High FevernTreatment of Globus Hystericus (Plum-Pit Qi) with Integrative Medicine2022-2-2341n2) 主谓式主谓式nLets Do Away with SmallpoxnDietary Cholesterol As Carcinogenic for Human Colon Cancer2022-2-2342n(3) 疑问式疑问式nCan Prostatecto

33、my Be Improved?nMust We Specialize Herniorrhaphy for Better Results?nDoes Danggui Sini Decoction Contain Fresh Ginger?nWhat Are the Indications of Scutellaria Decoction?2022-2-23434.3 论文摘要的翻译与写作论文摘要的翻译与写作n4.3.1 论文摘要的作用论文摘要的作用n4.3.2 论文摘要的分类论文摘要的分类n4.3.3 论文摘要中时态的应用论文摘要中时态的应用2022-2-23444.3.1 论文摘要的作用n“The function of the abstract of a scientific paper is to provide an overview of the paper so that the readers know the