施工缝、沉降缝防水施工作业指导书

1、.Annual straw consumption is about 300 (15x20) million tons to 450 (15x30) million tonnes. Around each plant to town for curing Center straw briquette factory, about 30, curing each straw briquette factory production capacity of 10,000 tons per year, production of major products supply power plants

2、and the rest as ordinary fuel. Chapter III, section I industry investment analysis investment benefit analysis, industry profitability industry benchmark yield to 12%, more than a moderate level of profitability, have higher profitability. Secondly, solvency, with good profitability and, hence, have

3、 enough liquidity. Three biomass energy resource in China, industry growth prospects are very experienced and bright prospects for development of biomass power generation industry. On one hand, the sown area of 1.8 billion mu of crops, the year produces 700 million tons of matter. Apart from the par

4、ts used in papermaking and livestock feed, and the rest will be done fuel use. The other hand, China's current forest area of about 175 million hectares, the forest coverage rate of 18.21%, every year through normal Bush stumping rejuvenation, forest thinning, hedgerow fruit trees and the collec

5、tion of forest felling, bucking, processing residues, biomass resources available at about 800 million to 1 billion tons. Theory of biomass energy resource in China close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of

6、standard coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass <0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass solid fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a s

7、ignificant environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Counci

8、l joint introduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials base grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemic

9、al developed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the renewable energy law came into effect on January 1, 2006, making a complete set of administrative rules and regulations also promulgated. On October 4, 2006 of the Ministry of the interim measures for the administration of speci

10、al funds for renewable energy development, the approach of special funds to support key, application and approval, financial management, checking and supervision of comprehensive provisions. The regulations: development of special funds established by the financial departments of the State Council,

11、the use of special funds for the development include free grants and subsidized loans, through the central financial budget. According to the role of biomass energy and the country's status quo, is currently focused on the development of the project are as follows: (1) recent development priorit

12、ies: biomass gasification and gas, biomass gasification power generation, large biogas, biomass direct combustion heating (2) medium-and long-term development projects: height of biomass gasification power generation project (BIG/CC), the production of hydrogen from biomass such as resource in China

13、 close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass <0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Developm

14、ent of biomass solid fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Trea

15、sury, and national development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint introduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation,

16、and raw materials base grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical developed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the新建衡茶吉铁路HCJ-2标 隧道工程作业指导书中铁五局衡茶吉铁路HCJ-2工程指挥部隧道工程施工缝、沉降缝防水施工作业指导书编 制 人： 审 核 人： 技术负责人： 单位负责人： 中铁五

17、局衡茶吉铁路工程指挥部一项目经理部2009年6月目 录1.适用条件、范围12.施工缝、沉降缝的止水原理13.施工缝、沉降缝形式13.1.施工缝、沉降缝设计采用形式13.2.施工缝及沉降缝防水构造示意图14.施工工艺流程24.1.止水条施工流程24.2.外贴式止水带施工流程34.3.中埋式止水带施工流程35.施工方法35.1.止水条施工35.1.1止水条施工方法35.1.2.止水条施工注意事项45.2.外贴式止水带施工45.2.1.外贴式止水带施工方法45.2.2.外贴式止水带施工注意事项45.3.中埋式止水带施工55.3.1.中埋式止水带施工方法55.3.2.中埋式止水带施工注意事项56.质量

18、检查标准6#；Added. Finally, foreign investment risk, there are also opportunities. Financial crisis caused the stock and corporate bond prices plummeted, early Chinese banks ' foreign exchange assets in the foreign exchange reserves investment and losses, but at present the international prices of ma

19、ny financial assets in a low, to promote foreign mergers and acquisitions in China and promoting enterprise "going out" diversified cooperation, actively explore overseas resources and markets and opportunities. Meanwhile, in response to the adverse impact of world economic crisis on China

20、, the State Council announced 10 measures to expand domestic demand and promote growth over the next two years the implementation of these measures will take about 4 trillion yuan central budget support. The 4 trillion yuan investment has an inkling, transportation, forestry, water conservancy, peop

21、le's livelihood, environmental protection and other areas will be skewed. Increased investment will play a significant role in promoting China's economic growth, at the same time, there should be other pro-growth measures rolled out. A series of positive measures by the State and function of

22、 4 trillion the Central Treasury, our economy will be sustained, stable and rapid development gradually. Section II market analysis of technical feasibility of biomass fuel shaping technology and equipment is the core of industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. Biomass briquetting technology ref

23、ers to a certain temperature and under pressure, will be scattered and various shapes of biomass raw materials into high density, with a variety of fuels technology. Biomass briquetting equipment including screw-extrusion molding machines, mechanical piston stamping forming machine, ring die-roll an

24、d hydraulic piston stamping molding machines. Mechanical piston forming and hydraulic piston forming machine total up production efficiency low energy high, former of productivity low, actual productivity in 100-200 kg, main work parts life low not for industrialization production; which main work p

25、arts life long, but highest production capacity lower energy high; from technology index view, ring die roll pressure type forming machine production rate highest, energy low, products cost low, while technology content also high, for Yu scale production promotion. Since in the 1980 of the 20th cent

26、ury, China's bio-technology research and development have made great progress, national research and production equipment of enterprises or research institutes has dozens of homes. China's industrialization of biomass briquette fuel prototype is formed, however, to be mature and realize indu

27、strialization, you first need to overcome some constraints, some technical obstacles. Includes the main working parts of the short working life, poor ability to coordinate equipment systems, running unstable, and so on. Also, due to the lack of effective industrial practices, solid biomass industry

28、is still in its infancy in China. Biomass fuel shaping technology, stable performance and low power consumption of the device is the core of industrialization of biomass fuel, good industry and the Government's support and the necessary funding is a prerequisite for industrialization of biomass

29、briquette fuel. To compress biomass briquette processing cost, you will need to yield power, vulnerable performance and low cost, labor cost, control three aspects. Meanwhile, burning of biomass is also on the industry's core technology, generally, because of biomass fuels to replace coal, can b

30、e used, in fact, due to biomass5 中铁五局衡茶吉铁路工程指挥部一项目经理部施工缝、沉降缝防水施工作业指导书1.适用条件、范围 本作业指导书适用于中铁五局衡茶吉铁路HCJ-2标段采用喷锚构筑法设计和施工的隧道施工。2.施工缝、沉降缝的止水原理二缝（施工缝、沉降缝）是指混凝土与混凝土界面之间的缝隙，在混凝土界面嵌入止水材料时，止水材料和混凝土之间同时也形成了新的界面（缝隙），因此，二缝的止水都是界面缝隙的止水，在考虑了混凝土与混凝土界面缝隙的止水后，必须解决止水材料自身和混凝土界面的密封止水，同时必须满足土木工程止水材料的可靠性和耐久性。施工缝缝隙一般都不大，在混凝

31、土施工过程中和投入使用后，存在少量混凝土伸缩变形，沉降变形，相应止水材料也要适应这些变形，才能达到止水目的。与施工缝相比，沉降缝缝隙较宽，采用吸水膨胀率较大的遇水膨胀止水材料。3.施工缝、沉降缝形式3.1.施工缝、沉降缝设计采用形式施工缝：设计采用橡胶止水条中埋橡胶止水带进行防水。变形缝：设计采用外贴橡胶止水带中埋橡胶止水带进行防水。3.2.施工缝及沉降缝防水构造示意图 1、施工缝防水示意图 施工缝防水示意图 2、变形缝防水示意图变形缝防水示意图4.施工工艺流程4.1.止水条施工流程制作安装专用端头模板浇筑混凝土拆模后清理预留槽固定止水条浇筑下一循环混凝土止水条施工工艺流程4.2.外贴式止水带

32、施工流程定位放线基面处理固定带水条外贴止水带施工工艺流程浇筑混凝土4.3.中埋式止水带施工流程挡头模板钻钢筋孔固定钢筋卡固定止水带下一循环止水带定位中埋式止水带施工工艺流程浇筑混凝土拆挡头板5.施工方法5.1.止水条施工5.1.1止水条施工方法1）水平施工缝水平施工缝施工在先浇筑混凝土初凝后、终凝前，根据止水条的规格在混凝土基面中间压磨出一条平直、光滑槽。拆除混凝土模板后，凿毛施工缝，用钢丝刷清除界面上的浮渣，并涂25mm厚的水泥浆，待其表面干燥后，用配套的胶粘剂或水泥钉固定止水条，再灌注下一循环混凝土。2）环向（竖向）施工缝环向（竖向）施工缝采用在端头模板中间固定木条或金属构件等，混凝土浇筑

33、后形成凹槽。槽的深度为止水条厚度的一半，宽度为止水条宽度。在灌筑下一循环混凝土之前，对预留槽进行清理，将止水条贴在槽中，模板台车定位后，灌筑下一循环的混凝土。5.1.2.止水条施工注意事项1、施工前，必须对止水条的宽度、厚度（直径）进行检查,确保符合设计要求。2、止水条安放前，必须对预留槽进行清理，清理干净，排除杂物。3、止水条必须安装在预留槽内，安装时先在槽内涂抹一层氯丁胶粘剂，使其粘结牢固，并用水泥钉固定，水泥钉的间距小于60cm。4、止水条安装尽量安排在下一循环混凝土浇筑前35h。5、止水条安装时应顺槽拉紧嵌入，确保止水条与槽底密贴，不得有空隙。6、止水条接头处应重叠搭接后再粘接固定，沿

34、施工缝形成闭合环路，其间不得留断点。7、振捣混凝土时，振捣棒不得接触止水条。5.2.外贴式止水带施工5.2.1.外贴式止水带施工方法 1、位置确定 外贴式止水带设置在衬砌结构变形缝的外侧，施工时按设计要求先在需要安装止水条的位置放出安装线。 2、基面处理 对直接设置在岩壁或初期支护找平层的外贴式止水带，设置的部位预先用氯丁胶乳砂浆进行抹平处理，防水砂浆抹面的宽度大于止水带宽度20cm以上。 3、止水带固定 施工缝处设计有防水板的，如止水带材质与防水板相同，则采用双焊缝热焊机将止水带固定在防水板上。对于设计为橡胶止水带时，则采用粘接法将其与防水板固定。对于施工缝处设计没有防水板的，则采用粘结法固定在岩壁或初期支护找平层上。5.2.2.外贴式止水带施工注意事项1、施工时按照设计要求的位置放出安装线。2、对与止水带进行粘结的防水板进行擦洗清洁。3、采用粘结法将止水带与防水板连接。4、衬砌台车就位，安装挡头板时不得损伤止水带。5.3.中埋式止水带施工5.3.1.中埋式止水带施工方法沿衬砌环线每隔0.51.0m，在模板端头钻一12mm的钢筋孔。将制成的钢筋卡