考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994 Passage 3

1、1994 Passage 3 Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describin

2、g their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.

3、 And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the pre

4、judices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their cap

5、abilities."All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of op

6、portunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropriat

7、e education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In paragrah 2, the author

8、cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that _.A the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the societyB exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children areC exceptional children are the key interest of the family and s

9、ocietyD the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that _.A they are expected to be leaders of the societyB they might become a burden of the societyC they should fully dev

10、elop their potentialsD disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with _.A the differences of children in their learning capabilitiesB the definition of exceptional children in modern societyC the special educational programs for exceptional childrenD the necessity

11、of adapting education to exceptional children62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children _.A is now enjoying legal supportB disagrees with the tradition of the countryC was clearly stated by the country's foundersD will exert great influence over court de

12、cisions重点词汇：denote /di5nEut/ （v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note记录，“记录下来”表示。Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means.“明智”指的是以最好的方法追求最好的结果。难句解析：Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potentia

13、l, their education must be adapted to those differences.第一个短句结构很简单，第二句中For these children to develop to their full adult potential是一个表示目的的状语，也可以看成是一个从主句their education must be adapted to those differences后面提前了的介词结构。第一个短句中exceptional一词我们从文章后面的叙述中可以知道它不是我们一般理解的“杰出的，出类拔萃的”，而应指“反常的，有缺陷的”，其实此处的exceptiona

14、l是一种“身有残疾”的委婉表达法；significant应理解为“重要的，关键的”，而第二句的develop to their full adult potential的develop是一个不及物动词，意为“发展，养成”，而potential是一个名词，意为“潜能”；be adapted to的意思是“被调整，适应”。While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the

15、 play itself.此句由一个while引导的让步状语从句the leading actor on the stage captures our attention和一个主句构成。要理解本句，重点是看到它是一个类比，把残疾儿童比喻为舞台上的主要角色，而他们的家庭和社会环境被比喻为配角和戏剧的布景。在考研的阅读理解中，当我们碰到作者使用各种比喻和类比时，最重要的一点就是要弄清其用比喻来说明的对象。And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding th

16、e knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.这是一个强调结构，强调的是in the public schools，后面find的宾语expression of society's understanding又有一个补语，而其中又包含一个定语从句。本句理解的重点是短语the full expression of society's understanding。注意此处understanding不单纯是“理解”的意思，应该是指“理智，知性”，如果在开始阅读时对understandin

17、g一词的理解不够深刻，也可以从破折号后面的补充成分入手理解其深刻含义。The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.此句结构比较复杂，上

18、来先应该抓住其主干结构The great interest. indicates the strong feeling.。而主语the great interest后面有一个修饰成分in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades，在宾语the strong feeling后面有一个同位语从句that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their

19、 capabilities。要理解本句，重点在理清句子结构，并注意whatever their special conditions是用来修饰all citizens的。That concept implies educational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great.此句的主句是That concept impl

20、ies educational opportunity for all children，而破折号后面的是对educational opportunity for all children这一事物的进一步说明，其中包含有一个whether引导的从句，其中省略了should，可以被视为一种虚拟语气。此句的阅读重点在于抓住围绕educational opportunity所展开的几层意思，从the right再到更进一层的capacity。In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to child

21、ren who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.此句的主句是schools are modifying their programs，后面是一个分词短语作状语，而在这个状语中又有两个定语从句who are exceptional和who cannot profit substantially from regular programs来修饰children。注意词组adapting instruction to children（使授课能够适应儿童），另外substa

22、ntially是“真正地”的意思。试题解析：59. A 该选择项中“have much to do with”意为：与有很大的关系，与紧密相关。文章中第2段第2句所举的这个例子旨在说明其他演员及场景对主演的重要作用，这个例子又用来说明本段第1句与第3句阐明的道理。B的意思文章未提及。C与作者所呼吁的应该去做的事相反。D该选择项中“weigh much heavier than”意为：比分量重得多，比重要得多。由此可见该选择项的内容与文章的内容丝毫不相关。60. C 该项意为：其潜能应得到充分的发展。参阅文章第3段第3句，社会对特殊儿童接受普通教育的关注表明他们的主张：任何公民都应该得到使其潜能

23、充分发展的机会。这也是整篇文章的主旨：教育应该有利于特殊儿童的成长（参阅第1段第2句以及第4段第3、5句）。A与本文所主张的让特殊儿童平等受普通教育的思想格格不入，另外，从上下文来看，该文中所说的exceptional children是指残疾儿童（disabled/retarded children）。B这与原文所传达的思想相违背。D原文强调的是特殊儿童应得到平等受教育的机会以利于其能力的充分发展，而这个选择项强调对残疾儿童应区别对待，这与原文是不吻合的。61. D 由对第60题的分析可以看出，本文主要在于说明改革目前的教育方式使之更有利于特殊儿童的成长的重要性（或必要性）。A本文未列举儿童在学习能力方面存在哪些差别。B本文也未对什么样的儿童称为特殊儿童进行界定。C本文主要谈的是使目前的教育更适合特殊儿童的发展的重要性，但并没主张为他们设立一套特殊的教学计划，更没谈具体设立什么教学计划或项目。62. A 参阅原文第4段第4句。句中confirm意为：认可，批准，使有效。B该选择项中disagree with意为：与不一致