点睛课讲义(完型填空解题步骤及技巧)

1、课题完型填空解题步骤及技巧授课时间：备课时间：2009-11-03教学目标1培养学生的综合分析能力及信息筛选能力2掌握完型解题技巧，能够快速，准确地解题重点、难点介词的使用，同义次的辨析，非谓语动词的使用1.语法题(1)语法的 2个考点考点一从句（重点）考点二非谓语动词动词-ing 形式和 -ed 分词（次重点）考点及考试要求(2)连词的使用方法（语法衔接题）2.词汇题(1)简单的同义词、近义词辨析(2)语义的衔接技巧固定搭配教学内容Part 1Please do the following exercise:I ve always loved pigeons(鸽子 ). Some years

2、 ago I managed to persuade my wife to let mebuy a few and start1them myself. They cost a lot of money and so it spoilt(破坏 )our2a bit, but my wife never actually stopped me so I3carried on. I learnt so much aboutthem that I could4a good racer anywhere and I bought some beauties. My pigeons wonsome to

3、p races, and I even began to make a bit of 5.You see, people are prepared to pay big prices if they get to know that your pigeons are 6 big prizes.My wife had been changing her7to the pigeons over the last year or two anyway. Shewas quite8of all the prizes wed won. Then there was the travelling, whi

4、ch she likedYou see someone has to take the pigeons a 9 way off and release them. Some of the 10were really nice. I never travelled. I used to like to wait at home and see them come in. Theygot this wonderful sense of11, which can bring them back home so quickly. Theyd flownhundreds of miles sometim

5、es 12storms or against strong winds. And there theydwhite birds against the great13. Then Id watch them14 round and come down onto thelanding shelf. I d look at my watch and think,that“Mys goodness,a15.” And I d takoff the little leg ring and push it through the machine to16 what time he d arrived.

6、Then mywife would17 up and say,“Has he arrived yet?” Then we would work out if18we.Then last year we had a 19 ! One of them got some sort of flu(流行病 )and died, then they all 20 . It was terrible, I had to burn them all. We lost a fortune, of course.1.A. racingB. feedingC. tendingD. flying2.A. dreamB

7、. workC. marriageD. hobby3.A. justB. evenC. almostD. hardly4.A. noticeB. learnC. imagineD. recognize5.A. livingB. funC. moneyD. change6.A. losingB. winningC. givingD. making7.A. subjectB. decisionC. relationD. attitude8.A. proudB. fondC. carefulD. sure9.A. differentB. longC. shortD. far10.A. distanc

8、esB. activitiesC. tripsD. movements11.A. directionB. sightC. hearingD. touch12.A. overB. acrossC. withD. through13.A. heavenB. mountainC. cloudD. sky14.A. turnB. danceC. circleD. whistle15.A. flyB. timeC. dayD. look16.A. writeB. recordC. countD. memorize17.A. comeB. showC. phoneD. cheer18.A. againB.

9、 finallyC. onlyD. accidentally19.A. disadvantageB. chanceC. problemD. disaster20.A. flew downB. went downC. let outD. gave outBuilding a house costs quite a lot of money. _1_you plan to build a house. Yourfirst_2_will be to find a right piece of land. Your choice will depend on many different things

10、.You will probably try to_3_a sunny place, with_4_surroundings near shops and bus stops,not too far from your friends and the place where you work.Next you will find an excellent_5_, and together with the builder you will work outa_6_. The builder will draw the plan. It will_7_the number of rooms, t

11、heir position andsize, and other parts which must be noticed,_8_windows, doors and electric outlets. Thebuilder will work out_9_is needed to_10_your house. He will_11_the cost of the wood,bricks, the glass, and_12_else that must be used in building the house. Later on, when hestarts to build, this e

12、stimate(预算 ) must be corrected and revised. His estimate is based onexisting_13_, but prices of such things may _14_, and many other things mayhappen_15_the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house.When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to_16_your plan. (You m

13、ay also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too_17_!) You may find that some of the features you wanted at first_18_too much, or that you can spend a little more and_19_something to your plan. The builder's estimate depends on the plan,_20_the final plan depends on the builder's

14、estimate.1. A. Think B. Expect C. Suppose D. Decide2. A. step B. method C. way D. class3. A. find B. look C. discover D. uncover4. A. happy B. pleasant C. lonely D. pleased5. A. builder B. worker C. secretary D. father6. A. cost B. plan C. map D. problem7. A. show B. draw C. see D. appear8. A. such

15、as B. for example C. that D. which9. A. how many builders B. how much money C. the days D. the bricks10. A. give B. sell C. build D. buy11. A. work out B. depend on C. take away D. put up12. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. other thing13. A. things B. plan C. goods D. price14. A. rise B. red

16、uce C. increase D. change15. A. in B. between C. among D. by16. A. give up B. turn off C. change D. put off17. A. low B. high C. fine D. cheap18. A. cost B. pay C. spend D. takes19. A. reduce B. place C. add D. lay20. A. and B. so C. but D. then答案与解析 1.C。这里是举例说明建一座房子要花很多钱 , suppose意为 "假设 "

17、。2. A 3. A 4. B。第一步要找到一块合适的土地 ,一个充满阳光的地方 ,距商店和汽车站很近、而且离朋友的住处和你的工作地点也不太远的地方。 5. A 6. B。下一步你要找一个优秀的建筑商 ,然后与其一起策划一份设计图。 7. A 8. A。房屋的平面图应该显示出房间的数量、位置和规格,其它部分如窗、门和电源插座也应该标出。 9. B 10. C。建筑商会计算出来建造这座房子要花多少钱。 11. A 12. C。他将计算出木材、砖、玻璃以及建房子必用的一切材料的费用。 13. D。根据下文的 prices 可确定此答案。 14. D。材料的价格可能会发生变化的,下一句也暗示了这一点

18、。 15. B。由 the time when. and the time when.可判断此处用介词 between。16. C 17. B。当建筑商提供预算之后 ,你也许想改变计划。如果他的预算太高 ,你也可能想换一个建筑商。 18. A 19. C 20. C。你可能发现你当初的设计花费太高 , 或者你可以多花一点儿钱 ,设计上再增加点东西。建筑商的预算根据你的设计而定 ,但最终的设计依建筑商的预算而定。Part 2高考完型填空题命题特点与趋势一： 高考完型填空命题特点： 1. 高考完型填空题全文有 20 个词被挖空 , 考生必须理解全文大意、作者意图、综合运用所学的词汇、语法知识，准确

19、得体地在 4 个选项中选出一个最佳答案 . 每小题所给出的 4 个选项一般都属于相同词类 , 同一范畴 . 错误选项也大多可以和空前空后文字形成某种搭配, 从而起到一定的干扰与迷惑的作用. 2. 高考完型填空题所选的文章多采用是以英语为母语的人所写，语言地道、准确独立成篇和文气贯通 . 3. 高考完型填空题选材广泛 , 涉及日常生活文史知识科技小品社会热点政治经济人物社会等 , 文章的体裁主要是记叙文说明文和议论文 ( 夹叙夹议居多 ).therefore, because, besides 4.高考完型填空题重语境，轻语法.考查实词多 ,虚词少 . 主要是动词名词副词形容词等. 5. 强调语

20、篇的分析和理解的连贯性 . 文章的设题大多需要学生综合句子段落或语篇等多层次的知识理解和运用英语词汇的能力 . 近年来完型填空题考查趋势由局部理解向整体理解转移 , 整卷结构减少了单句层次的试题 , 明显增加了语篇理解的试题 , 设问角度突出考查对整句 , 对上下文乃至全篇的理解 .二 . 解题技巧四步曲：(1).跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意(2).结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案(3).瞻前顾后，先易后难 , 个个击破(4).复读全文，检查验证，确认答案具体做法如下：1. 通读全文，了解大意学生们习惯于边读边填空 , 急于求成 . 正确的方法是 : 依据首句给于的提示理解全文的窗口， 能够帮助考

21、生抓住文章行文的起点和思路，找出解题的突破口。重视首句的开篇启示作用。完形填空题一般不给标题，但是按命题规律， 首句往往是完整的句子， 是通过逻辑思维 , 捕捉文中关键词语的语义、 辨别信息 ,借助连词和具有连接作用的副词、代词、关系词、介词及插入语 , 跳过一个又一个空格 , 尽快把全文通读一至两遍 , 快速掌握全文大意 . 先弄清 4 个 W ( who when where why ), 后分析作者的态度是积极的还是消极的 ; 是明确的还是模糊的 ; 是肯定的还是否定的 . 这样才能把握准文章作者发展脉络 .2. 先易后难，瞻前顾后掌握了全文大意后 , 先选出明确和直接的答案 . 而后在

22、推敲疑点时 , 要紧扣文章情景 , 展开逻辑思维 . 从上下文中寻找线索 . 由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。利用上文的某些信息，通过合理的逻辑判断，可正确推断出下文未知信息，要确保从上文

23、推断出的信息准确无误，须特别注意上下文连贯顺畅。此时可借助某些逻辑性强的连词，如and, but,so, however,等。有时我们需要通过下文所提供的信息进行反向推断。此时同样需要借助某些逻辑性强的连词，进行合理的、严密的逻辑思考和逆向逻辑判断。在这个基础上，对空格前后句作深入分析，确定空格在句中的意思。如果是语法问题，不仅要考虑时态、语态，还要考虑整个词法、句法。如果是语义问题，要从上下文分析，依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。3. 逻辑连贯前后参照做完形填空时，一定要注意填入的词在意义上与文章内容相符，在逻辑上保持一致。因此文章的发展应是连贯通顺，合乎逻辑。觉得很难选择

24、时，可把前边的句子再读一遍，甚至再重读一遍，整体理解深了，选词有时就有豁然开朗的感觉，原来很难选的词就会迎刃而解。注意从词汇的意义、搭配、惯用法、语法、常识等多个角度进行综合考虑 , 务必使答案填入后句子的结构和意思都能上下连贯 . 不能只考虑本句的意思和备选的答案 , 要注意段落与段落之间的内在逻辑联系 , 领悟暗示 , 选对答案 .4. 重读全文，验证答案填完后 , 通读全文 , 从三方面验证答案 : 结构 , 语义及逻辑性 ; 词汇、习语和句型准确性 ; 中西方跨文化意识的得体性。全部答案选定后，应再次对全文进行复读，并全方位、多角度地检查所选答案，看能否使全文连贯畅通，内容清晰，主题突

25、出。在复核过程中，凡遇不通之处必是有待推敲的疑点。对平时易犯的错误尤其要给予足够的重视。对于个别拿不准的答案，应当根据自己的语感，尊重第一次选择的答案，若无充分依据，切勿轻易改动。Part 3高考英语真题A little boy invited his mother to attend his school's first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boy's _1_, she said she would go. This _2_ be the first time that his classmates and teache

26、r _3_ his mother and he felt _4_ of her appearance. Although she was a beautifulwoman, there was a severe scar疤(痕 ) that _5_ nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to _6_ why or how she got the scar.At the meeting, the people were _7_ by the kindness and natural beauty of his

27、 mother _ 8_ the scar, but the little boy was still embarrassed and _9 _ himself from everyone. He did, however, get within _10_of a conversation between his mother and his teacher.The teacher asked _11_, "How did you get the scar on your face?"The mother replied, "_12_ my son was a b

28、aby, he was in a room that caught fire.Everyone was _13_ afraid to go in because the fire was _14 ，so I went in. As I wasrunning toward his bed, I saw a long piece of wood coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked _15_ but fortunately, a fireman came in and saved

29、both of us." She _16_ the burned side of her face. "This scar will be _17_, but to this day, I have never _18_ what I did."At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. He held her in his arms and felt a great _19_ of the sacrifice牺(牲 ) that

30、his mother had made for him. He held her hand _20_ for the rest of the day.1. A. enjoyment B. disappointment C. surprise D. excitement2. A. would B. could C. should D. must3. A. noticed B. greeted C. accepted D. met4. A. sick B. ashamed C. afraid D. tired5. A. included B. passed C. covered D. shaded

31、6. A. talk about B. think about C. care about D. hear about7. A. impressed B. surprised C. excited D. comforted8. A. in sight of B. by means of C. by way of D. in spite of9. A. hid B. protected C. separated D. escaped10. A. understanding B. reminding C. hearing D. learning11. A. carefully B. serious

32、ly C. nervously D. anxiously12. A. As B. When C. Since D. While13. A. so B. much C. quite D. too14. A. out of control B. under control C. in control D. over control15. A. helpless B. hopeless C. senseless D. useless16. A. pointed B. showed C. wiped D. touched17. A. ugly B. lasting C. serious D. frig

33、htening18. A. forgot B. recognized C. considered D. regretted19.A. honorB. sense C. happiness D. pride20.A. quietly B. slightly C. tightly D. suddenly1-5BADBC6-10AADAC 11-15ABDAC 16-20DBDBC文章大意：母爱是伟大的。它深藏在母亲的内心 -不会轻易表露出来 -和表现在母亲为孩子所作出的牺牲中 -它给母亲自己却带来了疤痕。文章中的这个小男孩后来认识到了这一点。1B 前后照应逻辑推理词义比较小男孩邀请妈妈去参加学校的

34、第一次家长会。从后文不难看出，小男孩不想要他妈妈去， 因为他妈妈脸上有疤痕， 可他妈妈却愿意去， 这事使得小男孩不快乐 (enjoyment)，不激动 (excitement)，不吃惊 (surprise)，而是很失望 (disappointment)，因为这样会让他尴尬，让他蒙羞2A 语法规则 此句考查过去将来时态 (would) 。3D 前后照应词义比较 这将是第一次他妈妈与老师和同学会面 (meet)。notice(注意到 )， greet(问候，打招呼 )，accept(认可，接受 )都应该发生在 meet 动作之后，meet 是先决起始动作。 前文的 his school's

35、 first teacher-parent meeting已有所暗示。4B 常识运用前后照应词义比较小男孩因为他妈妈的外表-脸上有块疤痕 -而感到羞愧 (ashamed)，而不是恶心 (sick)，害怕 (afraid)，疲惫 (tired)。后文的 the little boy was still embarrassed 尴(尬 ) and hid himself from everyone 有所暗示。5C 词义辨析常识运用逻辑推理 妈妈的整个右脸上是一块明显的疤痕。疤痕在脸上不是包住 (include) 脸面，不是通过 (pass)脸面，也不是遮蔽 (shade)脸面，而是直接覆盖 /铺在

36、脸面上。 include 包住 , 关住，包含 , 包括； pass经过，通过； cover 覆盖，铺，往往是物体与物体之间直接接触； shade遮蔽，使变暗，往往强调与物体之间有一定的空隙，使光变暗而形成遮蔽。6A 前后照应逻辑推理常识运用 小男孩很在乎 (care about)，也想过 (think about)，但没有听人说过 (hear about)，从来就不愿谈论 (talk about)妈妈为什么又怎么得上的疤痕。7A 词义比较逻辑推理家长会上，妈妈的自然的美貌和亲切的举动给到会的人留下了深刻的印象(impress)。impress使得深刻印象，打动； surprise 使惊奇 /

37、惊讶； excite 使兴奋 , 使激动； comfort 安慰 , 使舒适8D 词义比较逻辑推理 虽然 (in spite of)妈妈脸上有疤痕，但这疤痕却掩饰不住妈妈的美丽和亲切。 in sight of 临近 , 可被 .望见；by means of 通过，用，借助于；by way of 经由 , 作为 , 为了；in spite of 虽然，尽管 仍，相当于 though she had the scar on her face。9A 逻辑推理词义比较但小男孩仍然感到尴尬难堪，而把自己藏(hide)起来，以免被大家看见。 hide 隐藏，掩饰，强调不被他人看见、发现； protect 保护，强调不被他人伤害； separate分开 , 隔离，使之不聚在一起； escape逃避 , 避免，强调不被他人逮住而免去