光波的形式和基本性质

1、( , )xxEz tE22220 xxEEzt0( , )cos(),xEz tEkztz txxE22k22, 22fT ku Pkyxzrz0cos(),kztz tEE=cos()cos(),ttt Ek rr= AA exp(), expjtttrjEk rr= AE exprjEAk rcos() ,tt Bk rr= A exp(), expjtttrj Bk rr= AB exprjBAk r exp(cos)exp(sin )jkxjkxErAAyzxxk0246-2-4-60264-2-4-6a)b) exp(cos )exp( )jkxjxErAA ,exptj tE r

2、E r ,exptj t*ErEr exptj tEEr,=r exp(sin )=jkxErA *exp(sin )=jkxErA exptj t*EEr,=rE1E2-zx180+E*1E*2 exp()exp()exp() 0 0jjjjjj k rk rk rk rk rkE rAAAEE=0kEexp()exp()exp() jjjjjEk rk rk rkEAAABkEB0/ BkEkE1 yxxyEHBEvBEzEBxyk22222, 1SwvvEHvS wSv Ev HHEdvdt2201TSv Ev E dtT222201cos22Tv ASkzt dtv AAT *011R

3、e2at dtTTSS r,E rHr *exp, expxAjkzyAjkzE rHr212aA zS212aISAS 2*,IAttrr*E rErEEtttt EBHHDE zyxzyxxyzEyEz xEzEx yExEy zH xH yH zt E0 xy 0000yyxxyyxxzzzzEHEHxyxyzzttHEHExyxyzzttHHtEEt , , yyxxyyxxHEEHztztHEEHztzt 22222222, yyxxEEEEztzt22222222, yyxxHHHHztzt4140 5 10cos2 104 xxExk ztV m E0000414061405 1

4、0 cos2 104377 1.33 10cos2 104 xkyEyk ztyk ztA m HE14146022 10, 10, 3223 10ffHzc fmkrad m 波面Sr光线coscosrrEAtAkrt k r expexp expexpexprrrEAjtAj krtAjkrj tE rj t k r exprE rAjkr1expexp, AEEj tEjkrrr波面光线L1expexp, AEEj tEjkrrOS1SxzEEE1*E2*00/ rrnc v rn2222od ldlqlEdtdtm 0expllj t 222oqljllEm 2212oqlEmj 22

5、21 2oPNqlNqEmj 22212eeeooNqjmj012rj nnj22220012Nqnmj 22121022212102nexpexpexp njztcnzjztccEAA2*0exp2expIz cIzE EA 2c 光学材料透明波段（nm）光学材料透明波段（nm）冕牌玻璃3502000萤石（CaF2）1259500火石玻璃3802500岩盐（NaCl）17514500石英（SiO2）1804000氯化钾（KCl）1802300022220012Nqnmj 24nABC222022222002222200212NqnmNqnm 折射率的实部n和虚部与频率的关系110220121

6、12212expexpEEtEEtjjkzkzzzz E20E10S1S2z121020102010120210120212122221020102012expexp exp expexpsinsinarctancoscosexpexp2cosEEEEtEtEEEEEEEjjjjj tjj tEEEE ExE1E2Eo 1 2 22000110101cossinsinarctancosNNnnnnnnNnnnNnnnEEEEExoEE1E2E3E4E52345E02210201020122cosEEEE E2121 222110220122cos,IEIII IIEIE00222n zzD12

7、1 22MIIII I, =2, 0, 1,.mmm D121 22mIIII I, =2 0, 1, 2, .1 21 2mmm D204 cos2II11202000cos 2coscos22 cos22cos2 cos2EEEEEEEEkztkztEkztkztkzt02cos2Ekzn10=/2ExEykt=0t0=-/2, jjxyyxE xE e yE e xE yEH*2211ReRe221 Re2jjaxyyxxyxyE xE e yE exE yzEEz IIzISE H2211, , 22xyxxyyIIIIEIEk1k1 1 2 1k2n1n2n111111112222e

8、xpexpexpjtjtjt EAkrEAkrEAkrr210nEE111111222expexp expjtjtjt nAkrnAk rnAkr112112krkrkr112krkrkr11111122sinsinsinsinnnnn和111122sinsinnnE1pE2s211zn2yE1sE1sk1k1k2E2pE1pn1xH2pH1pE2s211zn2yE1sE1sk1k1k2n1xH1p112sssEEE112112coscoscospppHHH112111122coscoscossssn En En E000000rpssrssrHEEEnE 1121211212cossinsi

9、ncosssssssAAAAAA11sssrAA21ssstAA11221122coscoscoscossnnrnn1111222coscoscossntnn1212sinsinsr 21122sinsincosstE1pH1sH2s211zn2yH1sk1k1k2E2pE1pn1x112sssHHH112112coscoscospppEEE11ppprAA21ppptAA1112211212coscosppppppAAAAAAnn12211221coscoscoscospnnrnn1112212coscoscospntnn1212prtgtg 2112122sinsincoscospt121

10、21122spspnnrrrnnntttnn 121, 1ssppntrtrn 112112112112coscoscosssssssHHHHHHnnn112211122122111221coscoscoscos2coscoscos1spsspsppHnnrHnnHntHnntr 111122221111psppsppsppspEHrrHEn EHnttHn Enn1E1pE1pE1sE1sn2xE1pE2s211zn2yE1sE1sk1k1k2E2pE1pn1E1sE1pE1pE1sn1n2xE1pE2s211zn2yE1sE1sk1k1k2E2pE1pn11212prtgtg0pr 121

11、Btgtgnnn0expiixEj kztEHtEixzHikiktEtkrErHrO01011expexpiiiixEj k ztEyj k ztEH01011expexprrrrxEj k ztEyj k zt EH02022expexpttttxEj k ztEyj k ztEH2,1, 2xxxxxkxor 000000irtirtEEEHHH00000102irtirtEEEEEE021012riErE020122tiEtE *11111ReRe221 Re2airiirr*ir*irirSEHEEHHEHEHEHEH001110011100222exp, expexp, exp,

12、expiiiirrrrttttExEjk zyjk zExEjk zyjk zExEjk zyjk z EHEHEH22221000000001122220210212112222 12aiirirririizzEE EE EEEEzEzES2*20222212211ReRe22iattzESEHEHS2 1 1n1n2SS*2011111110*2011111110*202222222011Re coscos2211Re coscos2211Re cosRe cos22WnAWnAWnAEHEHEH211121112WIARWIAr222222111111222coscosRe cosRe

13、cosnnWATWnAnt11ssppRTRT1112spWWW1111111111222sppsnspspWWWWWRRRWWWW22211112111nnnnRnnn12n1212An2n1201111110cosn AESAEHA=22002111222002222001111222200coscos coscosn AEn AEn AEEn AEE1SASA112211212112211212222211222222211222212cossin4sinsinsincos4sinsincossincoscossincossincoscossincostgtg22021111020111

14、10cos cosn AEEn AE1SASASA121sinsincnnn2122121sinsincossin1sin1njnjn 为正实数22112211cossincossinsjnrjn2221122211cossincossinpnjnrnjn221122121sin2cossin2cosspntgntgn 221112cossin22sinspntgtg*202222222011Re cosRe cos22WE HnA221cossin1jnj 2222expxzj kktxzEA22221222221221sin1sin1sinsincosxzjnjnkkknkkkk222ex

15、pexpxj ktzxEA11xzn1n2等幅面等相面220211sinznknn2n2n1倏逝波光强n1n2n3drtPGdP1P2t HEE0tt ，或EEEEtt Et E =17expexp10tts 00ttEBE =BH =E + D2220ttEEE2t EEEH22kj jk exp jt EAk r22kj 2222 2kjjjj k k 2222 expexpjt EArr expexpjztzEA1 21 222111122, 2012z0000, jjttEEBBE =E =H =EH =EEBBj 00jEBE =H =E =BtEt0rn 0rnni 21sinsinn2211nRrn1, n (a)(b)(c)(d)202