2022年10Unit4DiogenesandAlexander教案讲义

1、Unit 4一，授课时间： 第 8， 9 周二授课类型： 理论课 9 课时.实践课 3 课时三授课题目： Diogenes and Alexander四授课时数 ：12 五教学目的和要求：通过讲授课文使高校生明白有关犬儒哲学的有关学问,学会用英语说明句子以达到学以致用的目的.要求同学主动地预习课文,课前预备练习,学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分.六教学重点和难点：1）背景学问的传授： Diogenes and Cynicism doggishness . 2）文章的体裁分析及段落划分.3）语言点的懂得：Word study: account; possess; form; roll; elabo

2、rateGrammar Focus: The functionof adverbial modifierin differentsentences; Patterns: the first/second, ect./the next/last+to-infinitive; the first, ect. + who/that clause七教学基本内容和纲要Part One Warmup1.1 Warm-up Questions1.2 Define the following words and phrasesPart Two Background Information2.1 Differe

3、nces and similarities between Diogenes and AlexanderPart Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis3.1.1 Theme of the text3.1.2 Structure of the text3.2 Writing Devices3.2.1 Contrast3.2.2 Developing paragraphs by examples3.2.3 Other ways of developing paragraphs.3.3 Sentence ParaphrasePart Four Langua

4、ge Study4.1 Phrases and Expressions4.1.1 Word list:4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list:4.1.3 Word Building4.2 Grammar4.2.1 ObjectPart Five Extension5.1 Group discussion八，教学方法和措施可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载本单元将运用黑板，粉笔，多媒体网络帮忙教学设备等教学手段,主要接受以同学为主体，老师为主导的任务型，合作型等教学模式,详细运用老师讲授法，师生争论，生生争论等方法进行教学.九作业,争论题,摸索题完成课后练习.多看英语

5、报刊杂志及英语经典小说,扩大阅读量.精听与泛听相结合,逐步提高自己的听力水平. 积极参与英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动. 坚持用英语写日记.做一些专四相关练习. 十参考资料：1) 杨立民主编 , 现代高校英语精读 （3）其次版,同学用书.北京：外语教学与争论出版社,2021 .2) 杨立民主编 , 现代高校英语精读 （ 3）其次版,老师用书.北京：外语教学与争论出版社,2021 .3) 李观仪主编, 新编英语教程 （第三，四册） .上海 : 上海外语教学争论出版, 1999 .4) 黄源深,虞苏美等主编, 综合英语教程 （ 1-4 册）.北京：高等训练出版社,1998 .5) 高等学校英语专

6、业英语教学大纲,北京：外语教学争论出版社,2000.6) Judy Pearsall主编,新牛津英语词典 .上海：上海外语训练出版社,1998.7) 丁往道，吴冰等编著, 英语写作手册 .北京：外语教学与争论出版社.8) 张道真,现代英语用法词典 （重排本）.北京：外语教学与争论出版社,1994.9) 张道真,温志达 ,英语语法大全上，下卷.北京：外语教学与争论出版社,1998.十一， 课后小结Unit 4Diogenes and Alexander Part One Warm up1.1 Warm-up Questions1. What does the author tell us abo

7、ut Diogenes. Who was he. What was his philosophy. What did he think was the problem with people. How did he intend to help them. What were the key values he promoted. How, in his opinion, could we find true happiness.2. What does the author tell us about Alexander. What did this king have in common

8、with Diogenes,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载the beggar. Why was Alexander considered a man of destiny.3. How would you contrast the two characters. Why did Alexander decide to visit Diogenes. What did Diogenes really mean when he said that Alexander was blocking the sunlight.1.2 Define the following words and phr

9、ases1. a mischievous pebble2. elaborate3. by design4. restrained5. chivalrousPart Two Background Information2.1 Differences and similarities between Diogenes and Alexander1. Who was Diogenes.A beggarA philosopher A missionary2. Doctrine: Cynicismthe doctrine that scorned worldly needs and pleasures

10、and held that virtue was the key to the only good3. Cynicism in modern sense:the belief of a cynic, who maintains that people are all motivated by selfishness, that no one will help others for good and sincere reasons4. Whatare the majortenets principles of Cynicism. Do you findany expressions of th

11、ese principles in the text.self-sufficiency shamelessness outspokenness perfection of virtue5. AlexanderMacedonian King: son of Philip The Thinker: student of AristotleThe Conqueror: Greece, Asia, EgyptWhy do you think he wanted to bring so many regions under his rule. the Great EmpirePart Three Tex

12、t Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis3.1.1 Character AnalysisDiogenes: the beggar paras. 1-3Diogenes: a free manOther people: half-men可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Sheltercask,astoragejarmadeof earthenwarea house big, with many rooms可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Furniturenonebeds, chairs, etc. elaborateDressblanket half-nakedclothes

13、 expensive可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Foodbitsoffoodbegged fromothers, elaboratedrinking from his hollowed handsPossessionsnonehorses,servants,anxiousbankaccountsNatureofthe a life by choice, out of principlelifenatural, healthy,independent a lifeas slaves of their possessions artificial, anxious, loss of virtu

14、eThere are contrasts within the broad contrast.How did Diogenes contrast with ordinary homeless people.Diogenes: the philosopher para. 4“ A Socrates gone mad” :repositioning of convention below nature and reasonThree key principles:living in accord with nature total disregard of conventionindependen

15、ce freedom being the only true, lasting goodDiogenes: the missionary para. 5 Comparison with ordinary hermits Similarities:Both grew tired of human society with its complications and wanted to live simply.Differences:hermitswent away to live simply on a small farm, in a quiet village or a caveDiogen

16、eshad a sense of mission, deliberately chose to live in the busy streets in Athens or Corinth, in order to convert peopleWhat was his mission.“ to restamp the currency”call people back to the natural way of life true lifeDiogenes: ways of teaching para. 6How did Diogenes differ from other philosophe

17、rs of his time. Plato:taught his private pupils in his Academy, which he founded as one of the earliest centers of advanced learning in the world.Aristotle:taught his own private pupils by the use of laboratory, instruments, and specimens.Diogenes:taught all those who would care to listen by his own

18、 example or by taking people around him for examples.He carried a lighted lamp in broad daylight and inspected the face of everyone he met. “ When you are all so busy, I feel I ought to do something.” Alexander: citizen of the world paras. 11-131. King: different from other Macedonians drinking.可编辑资

19、料 - - - 欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载women. fighting.2. Thinker: Aristotle culturephilosophyil, hsepleuaprned可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载principles of scientific research3. Conquerortook command of the League of Greek Statescommander-in-chief of a new expedition against old, rich, corrupt AsiaThe Dramatic Encounter para

20、s. 14-17The differences and similarities between the two historical characters.Differences可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载PhysicalDiogenesAlexanderlyingon the bare earth, shoeless, handsomeface,fieryglance,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载appearancebearded, half-naked, like a beggar, a dogstrong body, purple and gold cloak, air of

21、destiny可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Identificationphilosopher, missionarygreat monarch, conqueror可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Statuslow,treatedwithcontemptand disapprovalhigh, treated with respect, greeted with a bow and acclamation可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Possessions& Powernone, rejecting possession or powerland and absolute power可编

22、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Mission“ restamp the currency ”t:o call people back to the simple and natural life true valuebring people of the whole world to the light of civilization可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载Similarities1. Both were great thinkers.2. Both had a sense of mission.3. Both were “ citizensof the world,”admiring

23、the heroic figure of Hercules, who labored for mankind.4. Both were free.3.1.2 Structure of the textParas. 1-10Diogenes life, philosophy, mission, ways of teaching Paras. 11-13Alexander a philosopher king with an inquiring, noble mindParas. 14-17their dramatic encounterRelevant questions:1. Question

24、: What do you know about the historical background of the people discussed in the essay.2. Question: What does the essay tell us about Diogenes and Alexander.3. Question: What is a possible reason for an author to take the time to writean essay like this describing people who are long dead and gone.

25、可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载4. Question: How is the essay structured.5. Question: Try to findmore informationabout these two historicalfigures to share withyour classmates.6. Question: Underline the parts of the text that you find particularly well-put and interesting.7. Question: Be ready to give comments on t

26、he essay.3.2 Writing Devices1 Comparison & Contrast examplesuse transitional words or expressions to make comparison and achieve unity: not so para. 5, the other but for para. 6He was one, but not the other. para.1 Not so Diogenes. para. 5But for Diogenes , para.6 Alexander was far older and wiser t

27、han his years. para. 12 Like all Macedonians he loved para. 12 he was a magnificent commander, but he was not merely a military automaton. para.12Only Diogenes, although he lived in Corinth, did not visit the new monarch. para.13 Diogenes merely sat up Diogenes said nothing . para. 14He understood C

28、ynicism as the others could not . para. 17Like Diogenes, he admired para. 17 who labored to help mankind while all others toiled para.17use transitional paragraph to achieve coherence2. Parallelismachieve increased strength, sounding more powerful, more effective, e.g. para. 143. Euphemisme.g. done

29、his business, natural acts4. Transferred Epitheta figure of speech that carries the modifier across and puts it on to another word which isnot normally modified by it, so as to stress the emotions or feelingse.g. a mischievous pebble para. 1 It is Diogenes, not the pebble, that is mischievous.; amaz

30、ed silence para. 17 It is the crowd, not the silence, that is amazed.5. Analogye.g. drawing a parallel between“ change the values” and“ restamp the currency” para. 53.3 Sentence Paraphrase1. Sometimes they threw bits of food, and got scant thanks; sometimes a mischievous pebble, and got a shower of

31、stones and abuse. para. 1Sometimes people would throw bits of food to him, but he hardly thanked them at all. Sometimes theywould throw a pebble at him for fun, but get a shower of stones and a stream of abuse in return.2. His life s aim was clear to him: it was“ to restamp the currency” : to take t

32、he clean metal human life, to erase the old false conventional markings, and to imprint it with its true values.para. 5His purpose in life was clear to him: it was“ to reprint the coins.” Human life can be taken coins which are imprinted with false markings. He was to remove the false markings and p

33、rint the truevalues on it. In other words, his aim in life was to call on people to reject the false, conventional way of可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载life and return to the simple and natural life.3. He had done his business like a dog at the roadside.He had emptied his bowels or passed water like a dog at the r

34、oadside.4. He was not the first to inhabit such a thing. But he was the first who ever did so by choice, out of principle.He was not the first to live in a cask. But he was the first who ever did so because he wanted to,not by necessity, not being forced to. He based it on a principle.5. But he taug

35、ht chiefly by examplesDiogenes also taught by talkingto people, but he mainly taught by setting an example for others to learn from.6. In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true, lasting good,his own independence.In order to get a certain amount of material p

36、roperty or worldly possessions whichactually have no value and will not last, he has allowed himself to be controlled by these things and has given away his own independence which is the only thing that is true and can last.7. Only twenty, Alexander was far older and wiser than his years.Alexander l

37、ooked far older than a man of his age normally does, and was much wiser than a man of his age normally is.8. Livewithoutconventions,whichareartificialandfalse;escape complexitiesandextravagances para. 4Live simply and freely. Pay no attention to conventions, which are unnatural and useless. Avoid or

38、 get rid of all those unnecessary things that make our life complicated and wasteful9. They possess him. He is their slave. In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods hehas sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence. para. 4They own and control him. He is their slave. In o

39、rder to get some goods that have no true value and will be useless very soon, he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence.10. His life s aim was clear to him: it was“ to restamp the currency” para. 5 He knew very well what he lived for: it was tochange people s values, to make them

40、 knothwe true meaning of life12. He was the man of the hour, of the century para. 13He was the most popular/important/successful person at this particular momentor this centuryPart Four Language Study4.1 Phrases and Expressions1. Having no work to go to and no family to provide, he was free. para. 1

41、 provide for: give sb the things that they need to live, such as food, clothing Translation他要供养他年迈的父母以及两个正在上学的妹妹.He has to provide for his aged parents and two sister who are still at school.道路被切断,无法给部队供应应养.The road was cut off and supplies could not be provided for the troops.2. As the market place

42、up with shoppers and merchants and slaves and foreigners, he had through it for an hour or two. para. 1Cf. wander, roam, ramble, strollTranslation可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载中间仍有两个小时,因此她逛了一趟商业中心.There were still two hours to go, so she strolled through the shopping mall.闲逛海边,感觉太好了.It s wonderful to take a strol

43、l along the seaside.3. He thought everybody lived far too, expensively, anxiously. What good is a house. para. 2Translation彼得制定了一个特别详尽的方案来筹措资金.Peter worked out an elaborate scheme for raising the fund.他们为局长预备了一桌精致的饭菜,结果被狠狠批判了一顿.They prepared a very elaborate meal for the bureau head only to be sever

44、ely criticized.4. No one needs beds and chairs and such furniture: the animals and sleep on the ground. Allwe require, since nature did not dress us properly, is one garment to keep us warm, and some shelter from rain and wind. para. 2Translation这名警察死时很年轻,但他的一生过得很有意义.The policeman died young, but he

45、 lived a meaningful life.作为一个探险者,他的一生布满了冒险.As an explorer, he lived an adventurous life.5. he spent much of his life in Corinth, mocking and satirizing its people, and occasionally one of them. para. 2convert: to make sb change from one religion or belief toanother Ann has converted to Islam recentl

46、y.Marxist literature converted him into a staunch revolutionary.Cf.to make sth change from one form, system to a different one This is part of the process of converting iron into steel.to change from one object into anotherI can t see how this plastic sheet converts into a tent.6. He was not the fir

47、st tosuch a thing. But he was the first who ever did sochoice, principle. para. 3inhabitSome of the rare species inhabit the area.by choiceShe took the job in the West by choice.out ofJust out of curiosity, why did you take that job.7. Theyhim. He is their slave. In order to procure a quantity of fa

48、lse, perishable goods he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence. para. 4Cf.What possessed him to say a stupid thing like that. She seemed possessed. Nobody could talk her out of it.8. Therefore,he chose to liveinAthensorCorinth,wheretravelersfromalloverthe Mediterranean world con

49、stantly came and went. And,design, he publicly behaved可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载in such ways as to show people what real life was. para. 6Translation世界是有意缔造的呢,仍是偶然形成的呢？Was the world made by design or did it come into existence by chance.9. The little square began to fill with people page boys,soldiers they al

50、l gradually fomr ed a circle around Diogenes. He looked them , as a sober man looks at a crowd of tottering drunks, and shook his head. para. 11look over: here examine, scrutinizeMore examples with“ over ” : think over, talk over, read over, go over10. With his handsome face, his fglance, his strong

51、 body, his purple and gold cloak, and hisair of d, he moved through the parting crowd toward the Dog s k. para. 1411. Looking at the poor broken cask, the single rgarment, and the rough figure lying on the ground, he said:“ Is there anything I can do for you, Diogenes.” para. 15 more examples: belov

52、ed wife, blessed morning, a wicked man, my aged parents, a rugged coastline12. The Macedonian officers, after deciding that Diogenes was notthe trouble of kicking,were starting toand nudge one another. para. 17Cf. worth, worthwhile, worthya worthwhile cause/discussion/jobHigh prices in the UK make i

53、t worthwhile for buyers to look abroad. be worthy of attention/consideration/mentionA number of the findings are worthy of note. a worthy champion/winner/sonCf.grin, guffaw, titter, chuckle, giggle grin: to make a wide smileguffaw: to laugh loudlytitter: to laugh in a suppressed way chuckle: to laug

54、h softly in a low tonegiggle: to laugh quietly in a silly, childish, uncontrolled way4.2 Grammar4.2.1 Recognize and learn to use present participles as adverbial modifiers.4.2.1.1 Recognize the type of adverbial modifier in these sentences. Pattern 1Indicating reason/causeHaving no work to go to and

55、 no family to provide for, he was free. Pattern 2Indicating simultaneous eventsReading through Verne s bo, onse finds it hard to believe that they were written almost 100 years ago.Pattern 3Indicating an action immediately after anotherOpening it the package, she set the button unit on the table.1. Being the only child,the boy keenly feels the pressure to liveup to his familyexspectations. indicating reason/cause2. Lighting a torch, the wool merchant led his family out into the nightmare of the streets. indicating an可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载action immediate