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1、英语基础知识句子成分名称在句中的作用主语执行谓语动作的人或事物谓语主语发生的动作或状态宾语动作的对象表语表示主语的名称、身份、性质、状态、特征和程度等宾语补足语宾语的动作或状态或身份名称等定语修饰名词和代词的成分状语修饰动词、形容词和副词的成分例子:1. We study English. 2. I am standing. 3. That boy is my brother. 4. The black car is mine. 5. They wrote books for children. 6. The soldiers called him “Xiao Gui”. 词的种类词类意义名词

2、表示人或事物的名称代词代替名词数词表示数量或顺序冠词用在名词前面说明名词的含义动词表示动作或状态形容词修饰名词,表示所修饰名词的特征副词修饰动词、形容词和副词,表示所修饰的词的特征介词表示名词、代词和其他词的关系连词连接词、短语和句子感叹词表示感叹简单句的五种基本句型1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)不及物动词时不能跟宾语的动词,只能作不及物动词的有:sleep; go; come; walk; laugh; arrive; swim; work; happen(take place)等。He arrived in Changchun last night. 2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语及物

3、动词时可跟宾语的动词。有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可以把它看成是一个及物动词,如:listen to; look at等。 I like football. 3. 主语+连系动词+表语连系动词后面加表语才能说明主语的状态,连系动词和表语一起构成谓语部分。Be动词;become;look; keep; feel; smell; sound; taste; grow; get; turn; go等都可作连系动词。 China is a great country. She looks young. 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语谓语有“人”和“事物”两种宾语时,“人”是间接宾语,“事物”是直

4、接宾语,间接宾语在前面,直接宾语在后面。 He gave Tom a present. 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语表示宾语的动作或状态,宾语加宾语补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系,名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词短语作宾语补足语。常见的符合宾语的动词有:call; name; make; think; find; leave; see; watch; hear; feel; let; have; look; listen to等。 We call her Miss Zhang. 6. 特殊句型:there be句型There be句型表示“有,存在”;采用就近原则音标:英语国际音标表(

5、48个)元音(20个)单元音长元音/i:/:/U:/:/:/短元音/ /e/æ/双元音合口双元音/e/a/ /a/集中双元音/e/辅音(28个)轻辅音/p/ t/ k/f/s/浊辅音/b/d/ /g/v/ð/ /z/ 轻辅音/ts/t/tr/ 浊辅音/dz/ /d/dr/ 其他辅音/m/n/ /  /r/ h/w/j/ Starter Unit 1 Good Morning一、词汇(words)A、5个“好的”的词:good 好的(只用于问候和称

6、赞)fine 健康的;美好的(只作表语)hi (用于打招呼)嗨;喂hello 你好;喂OK 好;可以 B、8个名词:1、三个表示时间的名词:morning (mor-ning) 早晨,上午afternoon (after 在之后 noon 正午)下午evening (eve-ning) 晚上;黄昏2、四个缩写词:HB 硬黑 CD 光盘 BBC 英国广播公司 I'm = I am 我是3、其它2个名词:thanks 谢谢 name 名字 C、二个人称代词:(主格,做主语)I 我 you 你;你们D、一个系动词和一个程度副词:1、be (am, are , is ) 是(注意它有三种形式,

7、用法为:I用am, you用are, is用于he<他>she<她>it<它>,复数一律要用are。)2、how 怎样;如何E、八个人的名字:(只要求会读)1、四个男名:Bob 鲍勃 Dale 戴尔 Eric 埃里克 Frank 弗兰克2、四个女名:Alice 艾丽斯 Cindy 辛蒂 Grace 格雷斯 Helen 海伦二、问候语(greet)1、Good morning, Helen! 早上好,海伦! Good afternoon, Eric ! 下午好,埃里克! Good evening, Dale! 晚上好,戴尔!(以上三个表示上下午及晚上的问候语是

8、常用的熟人之间较正规的打招呼用语,回答也用同样的说法。)2、Hi , Bob! 你好,鲍勃! Hello , Frank! 你好,弗朗克!(Hi 和Hello 也是一种问候语或打招呼,语气较随便,适于非正规场合或熟悉的朋友之间,相当于中文里的“你好”。回答也用相同的说法。)3、How are you ? 你好吗?或是(你身体好吗?)(这是一个寒喧用语,用来问候对方的身体状况。是比较庄重的问候语。常用于熟人、亲戚朋友之间。回答常用:I'm fine./ Fine. / I'm OK. 我很好。/ 好。/ 我很好。)三、字母:英语有26个字母,其中有五个元音字母,分别是:Aa Ee

9、 Ii Oo Uu(助记)见面问候语见面问声好,做人有礼貌。好友重逢How are you ?初次见面How do you do?(你好?)上午说声Good morning.,一天都有好心情。下午说声Good afternoon.,工作学习都轻松。晚上问候Good evening.,所有烦恼都去掉。四、话题写作:Frank 下午在图书馆遇见了老朋友Tom。请用本单元所学的问候语给他们俩编一段对话!不少于四句话。(思路点拨)1、 下午朋友见面打招呼 Good afternoon.2、 谈论身体情况 How are you ?3、 作出回答并问候对方 Im fine, thanks. And yo

10、u ?单元检测一 单项选择1. Hello, Jim. -_, Li Lei. A. Good B. How C. Hello D. What 2. Good evening. -_. A. Good morning B. Good afternoon C. Good evening D. Good night 3. 当你与李老师在早晨见面时,你应该说_. A. Good morning, Mr. Li B. Good evening, Mr. Li C. Good night, Mr. Li D. Good afternoon, Mr. Li 4. 下列字母中_ 是元音字母。 A. Cc B

11、. Bb C. Ee D. Dd 5. “光盘”的缩写为_. A. kg B. CD C. BBC D. HB6. How are you? -Im fine, thanks. And you? -_ A. How are you? B. Thank you C. Im fine, too. D. How do you do?7. -_ is your father? -He is fine, thanks. A. What B. How C. Who D. Where 8. Hello, Jim. -_ Kate. A. How do you do? B. How are you? C. N

12、ice to meet you, D. Hello 9. Good morning, Frank. How are you? -_. A. How are you? B. How do you do? C. Good morning D. Im fine, thank you 二 从B组中找出与A组相配的句子A BGood morning, class! How do you do?Hello! Fine, thank you. How are you, Jim? Good morning, teacher! How do you do? Hello! 三 补全对话A: Good mornin

13、g, Mrs Li. B: Good _, Mrs Wang. A: How _ you?B: Im fine, thanks. And you?A: Im _, too. Starter Unit 2 Whats this in English?单元知识盘点一 短语归纳1. in English 用英语 2. an orange 一个橙子 3. a jacket 一件夹克衫4. a map 一张地图 5. spell it 拼写它 6. a ruler 一把尺子 7. a key 一把钥匙8. a pen 一支钢笔 9. a cup 一个杯子 10. a quilt 一床被子二 句式归纳1.

14、 Whats this/that in ? 这个/ 那个用.怎么说?(in接语言)2. Its a/an . 它是一个3. Spell it, please. 请拼写它三 单元写作本单元主要学习用英语辨认物品,近处的物品用this,远处的物品用that,回答用Its a/an ,此处要学会运用不定冠词a/an,并且能拼写这个物品的单词。单元检测一 按要求写出完成下列各题 1. its (完整形式)_2. hello (同义词)_3. I am (缩写形式)_4. Im fine.(完整形式)_5. Rr (同音词)_6. whats (完整形式)_7. (美国)全国篮球协会_8. this(对

15、应词)_9. an(对应词)_二 单项选择1. 你想知道某物的英文名称,应该问:_A. Your name? B. Hello? C. How are you? D. Whats this in English?2. Whats that in English? -_ a book. A. That is B. Its C. This is D. There is 3. _ jacket, please. J-A-C-K-E-T. A. Whats B. This C. Spell D. Hows 4. My pen is nice. _ is red. A. that B. this C.

16、It D. Its 5. Whats this _ English?A. in B. on C. by D. with 6. There is _ “u” and _ “s” in the word “us”. A. a, an B. an, a C. an, an D. a, a 7. Whats this in English? -Its _ orange jacket. A. a B. an C. the D. / 8. Whats that in English? -_. A. Thats an orange B. Its orange C. This is a map D. Its

17、a jacket 三 补全对话A: Good morning, Lily!B: _ _, Jim! How are you?A:_ _, _. How are you?B: _ _, too. A: Whats this _ English?B: _ an orange. A: _ it, please. B: OK. O-R-A-N-G-E. 四 翻译句子1. 这是南希(Nancy)。2. 瞧(look)!这是什么?3. 那个用英语怎么说?4. 这是一床漂亮的(nice)被子。 5. 请把它拼写一下。 Starter Unit 3 What color is it?单元知识盘点一 短语归纳1

18、. what color 什么颜色 2. color the things 给物品涂色 3. the key 这把钥匙4. the cup这个杯子 5. the ruler 这把尺子 6. now you see 现在你看二 句式归纳1. -Whats this/that? -Its 2. -What color is it? -Its 3. I can say .三 单元写作本单元主要学习在实际生活中怎么样询问颜色,以及能正确用英文描述物体的颜色。 单元检测一 单项选择1. The Chinese flag(旗)is _. A. white B. blue C. green D. red 2

19、. What color is it? -Its _. A. a map B. green C. ruler D. an egg3. Can you _ “egg”, please? -Yes, E-G-G. A. say B. read C. see D. spell 4. -Whats this in English? -_. A. Its an “x” B. Im Peter C. Its a “h” D. This is “g”5. What color is it? -Its _. A. red B. an orange C. book D. a white6. This is _

20、map. _ map is very small. A. a, A B. the, A C. a, The D. the, The 7. The trees are _. A. reds B. blues C. green D. blue 8. Its _ black. Its _ black car. A. a,/ B. /, a C. a, a D. an, an 二 用方框中的词的适当形式填空 color, yellow, orange, spell, white, key, whats, the, please, that A: _ this in English?B: Its an

21、_. A: _ it, please. B: O-R-A-N-G-E.A: What _ is it?B: Its _. A: Yellow? Its nice. Whats _?B: Its a _. A: What color is _ key?B: Its _. 三 句型转换1. It is a map. (对划线部分提问)_ _ in English?2. The quilt is red. (对划线部分提问)_ _ is the quilt?3. Im fine. (对划线部分提问)_ _ you?4. Thanks. (同义句转换)_ _. 5. ruler, the, blue,

22、 is(.) (连词成句)Unit 1 My names Gina重点词汇:数词: 09,(zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine)代词: 你,我,它,(I, you, it) 我的,你的,他的,她的 (my, your, his, her)be动词:am (与I连用), is(与单数主语连用), are(与you以及复数主语连用)名词: 男孩 boy, 女孩girl, 名字name, 时钟clock, 电话telephone, phone, 问题question, 家庭family, 卡片card动词: 看look

23、, 问ask, 遇见meet短语: 问问题:ask questions 靠前的名字: first name 靠后的名字: last name 电话号码:telephone number/ phone number 姓氏:family name 身份证:ID card重点句型:1. -Whats your name? 你叫什么名字? -My name is ./ I am . 我叫.2. Whats his/her name? 他/她叫什么名字? -His/ Her name is. 他/她叫.3. Whats your/ his/ her first name? 你/他/她靠前的那个名字是什么

24、?-My/ His/ Her first name is. 我/他/她靠前的名字是.4. Whats your/ his/ her last name?  你/他/她靠后的那个名字是什么? -My/ His/ Her last name is. 我/他/她靠后的名字是.5. -Whats your/ his/ her family name? 你/他/她姓什么? -My/ His/ Her family name is .我/他/她姓.6. Whats your/ his/ her telephone/ phone number? 你/他/她的电话号码是什么?-My/ His/ He

25、r telephone/ phone number is. 我/他/她的电话号码是.(也可以用Its.)7. Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。重点语法:1代词就是代替名词, 形容词或数词的词。它们指人称和事物, 但又不说出他们的名字, 所以叫做代词。目前我们学了人称代词和物主代词。² 表示 " 我, 你,他, 我们, 你们, 他们等 "的词叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称, 数和格之分。 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he/she/it him/her/it they th

26、em² 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词。物主代词在使用时要注意与主语之间的人称呼应,比如:Jim is a boy. His telephone number is 546-25. 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词第一人称 my our mine ours第二人称 your your yours yours第三人称 his/her/its their his/hers/its theirs 形容词性物主代词在句中只作定语,后面必须接名词,名词性物主代词后不需要接名词。 2 英美人姓名的构成顺序与汉语习惯不同,他们是名字在前,姓氏在后。比如:Jim Green的Jim是名, Green是

27、姓。Nick Hand的Nick是名,Hand是姓。3. be动词am, is, are的用法Am, is, are是be动词的一般现在时形式,相当于汉语的“是”,其用法归纳为下面的口诀:我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is用于他(he)她(she)它(it);单数(is),复数(are);变否定更容易,be后not加上去;变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫忘记;还有一条要牢记,句首大写要注意!单元检测一 按字母表的顺序默写从Gg 到Pp的大小写形式二 按要求写出下列各词(10分) 1、I am (缩略式) 2、My name is (缩略式) 3、number (缩略式) 4、what ar

28、e 缩略式) 5、first (反义词) 6、hi (同义词) 7、hes (同音词) 8、telephone (同义词) 9、two (同音词) 10、one (序数词)三 填空 (A)用be动词的适当形式填空(5分) 1. What_ your name? 2. My telephone number_ 2746598. 3. This _ my ID number. 4. My family name _ Black. 5. Helen and Gina _ girls. (B)用所给代词的正确形式填空(5分) 1. These are _(he) brothers. 2. That i

29、s _(she) sister. 3. These are _(I) friends. 4. What is _(you) name? 5. _(he) is a good boy.四 单项选择 ( )1、与r相邻的字母是 . A. p,s B. q,s C. h,j D. q,t ( )2、下面属于元音字母的是 . A. c B. h D. f D. e ( )3、下列各项中含有 / i: / 发音的一项是 . A. Aa B .Ii C. Pp D. Hh ( )4、26个字母中能够单独构成单词的两个字母是 . A. A,I B. I,N C. A.L D. A,N ( )5、Whats

30、this? A. This is a pen. B. Thats a pen. C. Its a pen. D. Its pen.( )6、Its an . A. key B. pen C. quilt D. orange( )7、How your brother? Fine. A. an B. is C. be D. are( )8、This is a book and book is new. A. an B. a C. the D. /( )9、 you very much. Thats all right. A. That B. Thank for C. Thank D. Thanks

31、( )10、 a yellow quilt. A. This B. This is C. Thiss D. Its( )11、 What color is pencil?Its red. A. his B. you C.I D. she ( )12、This is my good friend(朋友). name is Tony. A. He B. His C. She D. Her( )13、Mum, this is teacher. name is Li Hui. A. your, My B. his, Your C. you, His D.my, His( )14、Is that an

32、? A. map B. pen C. English book D. key( )15、 K-E-Y, key. A. Whats this? B. Spell “key” ,please. C. What color is the key? D. This is a key.( )16、 Whats name? names Nick. A. my, My B. your, Your C. his ,His D. her, His( )17、He is Tom Green, Tom is his . A. family name B. last name C. first name D. fu

33、ll name( )18、Whats your phone number? 7284587. A. Hes B. Im C. It D. Its( )19、Nike and David English. A.be B.an C.is D. are( )20、 is Chinese, name is Han Mei. A. She, she B. She, her C. His, she D. Her, her 五 从B栏中选出A栏的答语 ( )1、Good afternoon! a. Its red. ( )2、Whats his name? b. Good afternoon! ( )3、N

34、ice to meet you. c. Fine, thank you. ( )4、Whats her first name? d. Its a clock. ( )5、Whats that? e. His name is Tom. ( )6、What color is it? f. A-P-P-L-E. ( )7、Is she Helen? g. Lily. ( )8、How do you do ? h. How do you do? ( )9、How do you spell it? i. Nice to meet you. ( )10、How are you? j. Yes, she i

35、s.六 .按要求改写下列各句 1. My name is Kate. (对画线部分提问) is name? 2. Her telephone number is 805-4239. (对画线部分提问) her telephone number? 3. My name is Mary. (改为同义句) Mary. 4. her, name, last, Hand, is (连词成句) Hand is . 5. His last name is White. (改为同义句) His is White. 七. 补全对话,一空一词 A: Good morning! B: (1) (2) ! A: (3

36、) Alan. (4) your name? B: Bob A: (5) (6) (7) you! B: Nice to meet you,(8) . A: Whats your telephone (9) ? B: (10) 6654296.八 完形填空Mary Black 1 a girl. 2 is a student(学生). 3 is 4 family name and Mary is her 5 name. Her 6 number is 7094328 and her ID card 7 a student. Her mother 8 a worker(工人).She and 9

37、 mother 10 the same.( )1. A. am B. are C. is D. arent( )2. A. Her B. She C. He D. I( )3. A. Mary B. Black C. Mary Black D. Wang( )4. A. her B. she C. shes D. his ( )5. A. family B. last C.name D. first( )6. A. phone B.ID C. bus D. card( )7. A.is B.am C. are D.am not( )8. A. are B.is C.am D. arent( )

38、9. A. her B. Her C. his D. His ( )10. A. look B. Looks C. are D.is 九 阅读理解 Look at this boy. He is an English boy. His first name is Peter. His last name is Black. His school ID card number is three-two-eight-six-six-one-nine. His teacher is Miss Smith. Miss Smith is a good teacher. Whats that? Its h

39、is backpack. Its blue. Wheres his pencil-case? Its in his backpack.根据短文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。( )1.The boy is Peter Black.( )2.His school ID card number is 3286699.( )3.His teachers last name is Smith.( )4.His backpack is black.( )5.His pencil-case is on the desk.Unit 2 This is my sister【重点词语】1. my parents 我

40、的父母 2. his brother 他的哥哥 3. your friend 你的/你们的朋友 4. your photo 你的/你们的照片 5. family photo 全家福 6. family tree 家谱7. pen friend/ pen pal 笔友 8. thanks for 为而感谢 9. very much 非常 10. look at 看 11. talk about 谈论关于 12. my two brothers 我的两个兄弟 13. his sister 他的姐姐/ 妹妹 14. the photo of 的照片【重点句子】1. This is my sister

41、. 这是我的姐姐/ 妹妹。2. That is my brother. 那是我的哥哥 /弟弟。3. Is this your sister? No, it isn't. 这是你的妹妹吗? 不,不是。4. Is that your brother? Yes, it is. 那是你的兄弟吗?是的,他是。5. These are my friends. 这是我的朋友们。6. Those are my two brothers. 那是我的两个兄弟。7. Is Guo Peng your brother? Yes, he is. 郭朋是你的哥哥 / 弟弟吗?是的,他是。8. These are

42、my parents. 这是我的父母。9. This is my friend, Lin Fang. 这是我的朋友,林芳。10. Thanks for the photo of your family. 谢谢你的家庭相片。11. Here is my family photo! 这里是我的全家福!【单元语法】1. these和thosethis, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。 如:This is my bed. That is L

43、ily's bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。These pictures are good. 那些画很好。Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they来代替these或those,以避免重复。 如:Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。用指示代词this, that, these或those适当形式填空1. Whats _ over there(在那边)? -Its a bus. 2. Are _ your book

44、s? -Yes, they are. 3. Are _ your pencils? -No, my pencils are here. 4. Hello, _ is Jane. Is _ Peter? -Yes, speaking. 2. family, home和housefamily: “家”,“家庭”,“家人”,着重指家庭,家庭成员或家中人口。home: “家”;指同家人共同生活居住的地方,特别强调家里的氛围和环境,不一定含有建筑的意思。house :“住宅”,“房子”;指居住的房屋,建筑物。3.名词的数名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词又分为单数和复数。表示一个人或一个事物的名词

45、用单数;表示两个以上人或两个以上的事物的名词用复数。英语名词复数形式通常是在单数名词后面加-s或-es构成。名词复数的构成规则:(重中之重,非常重要的内容,大家一定要掌握名词变复数的规则)1)一般情况下直接在名词后面加s. 如:pencil - pencils egg - eggs2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后面加es. 如:box - boxes class - classes3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,把y变成i,再加es. 如:story-stories city-cities4)以元音字母+y结尾的名词,后面直接加s. 如:day-days boy-boys名词的复数还有一些不规则的变化,(对

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