牛津译林版八年级上学期比较级和最高级专题

1、 比较级和最高级专题讲解学生目前情况(遗漏知识点)部分知识点之间的相互转换教学目标熟练掌握比较级、最高级的规则变化教学重点知识点的加深拓展教学难点知识点的各种考法的解题思路一、同步知识专题 知识点1：比较级、最高级的规则变化1）单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加er 、est 构成。great - greater- greatest fast - faster-fastest2）以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 r 、st 构成。wide - wider- widest nice -nicer - nicest3）以辅音字母y结尾的单音节形容词、副词的

2、比较级和最高级，把y改为i后加er 、est 构成。happy - happier - happiestearly - earlier- earliest4）少数双音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级也是在词尾加er 、est 构成。clever- cleverer- cleverest healthy- healthier- healthiest5）重读闭音节的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是双写最后一个辅音字母加er、est。big - bigger - biggestthin- thinner - thinnest6）大多数双音节和多音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是在前面加more 和 mo

3、st来构成。 beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful carefully-more carefully - most carefully7）以ly结尾的副词，如果ly是后缀的，加more 和 most来构成比较级和最高级。如果ly不是后缀的，加er 、est 构成比较级和最高级。early - earlier - earliest warmly- more warmly - most warmly8）副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于形容词的最高级前一定要有限定词，如：the，物主代词等。而副词的最高级前可以不用定冠词the。Spring is

4、 the best season in Kun Ming.He is my best friend.He jumps farthest in his class.9）比较级、最高级的不规则变化good - better - best ; bad/badly/ill - worse - worstmany/much -more - most; little - less - leastfar-further/farther-furthest/farthest10）副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于形容词的最高级前一定要有限定词，如：the，物主代词等。而副词的最高级前可以不用定冠词the。He

5、 is the best student in his class.He runs fastest in his class.知识点2：形容词、副词的比较等级的用法原级的用法1）as + 原级 + as表示两者在某方面程度一样 not so (as) + 原级 + as表示前者不如后者e.g：1. Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. 2. He did the work as carefully as her.2）the same 名词as表示同等比较 e.g：1. A is the same size as B. A 的尺码与B一样。2. A and B are

6、 of the same size. A和B尺码一样。3）修饰原级的词：very, too, quite, soe.g：1. He is a very good boy. 2. He watched the tiger quite carefully in the zoo.比较级的用法1）形容词、副词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较。表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、ing结构和ed结构。批注： than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。e.g：1. Our teacher is taller than us. 2.

7、 It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 3. The clothes in this shop are more expensive than those in that shop. 4. Judy does her homework more careless than Lily. 2）形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示"较不"和"最不" 。lessthan= not as (so) ase.g：important - less important - least important This

8、room is less beautiful than that one. = This room is not so beautiful as that one.3）一方随另一方的程度而变化时用the+比较级the+比较级。表示“越. 就越.”。 e.g：1. The more you study, the more you know. 2. The more, the better. 3. The harder he works, the happier he feels. 4） 本身程度发生改变时用“形容词或副词比较级 + and + 同一个形容词或副词比较级”。表示“越来越. ”。 多

9、音节词的只需用“more and more +形容词或副词”构成此用法e.g：It's getting hotter and hotter. The girl has done her homework more and more carefully since last term.5）比较级前可用a little, a bit, a lot, any, still, far, much, even等词语表示超过另一方的程度。e.g：This book is far more expensive than that one.He works much harder than his b

10、rother.6）表示一方比另一方更多少时，可以在比较级前加名词。e.g：My brother is two years older than me.7）当两者比较，只出现一方，且句中含有of the two时，比较级前要加the,表示特指两者当中较的一个。e.g：He is the taller of the two boys. 8）倍数的表达倍数+as.as 倍数+比较级+than倍数+the+名词+ofe.g：This bridge is three times as wide as that one.=This bridge is twice wider than that one.

11、=This bridge is three times width of that one. 9）否定+比较级用法=最高级的用法一般用于情景交际中e.g：I can't find a better one.= This one is the best.10）用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。在这种情况下，往往是将一个人或是一件事与其他所有的人、物或其他中任意一个人、物进行比较。自己不可以与自己相比较，所以常在状语中用any ,other , else类的字眼。e.g：He is taller than any other student in his class.(any other s

12、tudent里面已排除了he) 试比较： Shanghai is larger than any city in Australia. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. He is taller than anyone else in his class.最高级的用法1）三者或三者以上相比, 表示最高程度时, 用 “the+最高级+表示范围的短语或从句” 的结构表示。其中表示范围的介词使用规律为：of或among接个体数量；in接范围。e.g：Zhang Hua is the tallest of（among）the three.

13、He works (the) hardest in his class.2）用于特殊句型中，如：one of +最高级+名词复数。e.g：Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 3）与序数词连用e.g：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.知识点3：形容词&副词定义和常用位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。例如：red apples, Chinese people; The dish tastes good.而副词则用来修饰

14、形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首, 例如speak fluently, answer correctly; very beautiful; However, he is right.知识点4：形容词和副词的特殊位置形容词的特殊位置1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。例如：a language difficult to master; a leaning tower about 180 feet high2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形

15、容词如well, ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“坏的”相当于“bad”。例：We shouldnt buy the ill（坏的） bananas ,because eating them can make us feel ill（生病的）.3）形容词修饰由不定代词one, no, any, some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。例如： What else do you w

16、ant? I have something else want to tell you.副词的特殊位置副词的分类：1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upstairs, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether

17、, however, meanwhile4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, why1）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. 有些副词，常用于居首，如instead of, however, therefore, besides, luckily, sadly批注：注意在此列举的副词，在首字母填空和词汇题中常常出现。2）频度副词如often, always, usually等在

18、be动词、情态动词和助动词后，行为动词前。例如： She always finishes her work on time. She is always late for school. I will always remember you.知识点5：形容词变副词的规律形容词变副词通常是加-ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。分别举例如下：quick-quickly; true-truly; happy-happily; possible-possibly 具体规则如下：1）一般情况下直接加“ly”，如：quick-

19、quickly; polite-politely; sad-sadly; immediate-immediately; recent-recently2）中考中以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly的，只有一个true-truly绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely; nice-nicely3）以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily但是如果读音为 /

20、 ai /， 直接加ly，如：dry-dryly; shy-shyly4）以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，如：simple-simply; comfortable-comfortably; terrible-terribly,gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable-probably; 需注意:  有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog; monthly exam; heavenly peace; a manly sport以-ly结

21、尾的词性辨析表原意（无-ly）表具体含义 和引申意(有-ly)表抽象含义的副词：deep深 The lake is very deep.deeply深入地 He was deeply moved by the story.wide宽广 Open your mouth widewidely广泛地 English is used widely.high高 He jumps high.highly高度地 My teacher spoke highly of what I did.有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：hard 努力地 work hardhardly 几乎不，表否定 I can hardly

22、understand you.late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 批注：这个部分是形容词副词在句中比较特殊的位置和作用，所以在这个知识点上要让学生特别关注一下，特别是后面那些以ly结尾的是形容词以及类似形容词、副词的区分，需要弄清楚。批注：复合形容词的构成，对于基础比较好的学生可以补充讲解1）形容词 + 名词 + ed, 例如：kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的2) 形容词 + 形容词，例如：red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的3）形容词 + 现

23、在分词，例如：good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的4）副词 + 现在分词，例如：hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的5）副词 + 过去分词，例如：hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的6）名词 + 形容词，例如：life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的7）名词 + 现在分词，例如：peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的8）名词 + 过去分词，例如：snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的9）数词 + 名词 + ed，例如：four-storeyed 4层楼的，t

24、hree-legged 3条腿的10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数），例如：ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的这个部分是复合形容词的构成，在名词，形容词加现在分词以及数词加名词ed情况的需要特别注意，在练习中学生比较容易出错。二、【例题精讲】题型1：形容词、副词原级例1： Yingtian is not as _  (tall) as Yongxian.   例2：Peter speaks Chinese well indeed，but of course not _a local speaker in China（2013苏州） Aso f

25、luently as Bmore fluent than Cas fluent as Dmuch fluently than例3：她看起来不如玛丽年轻。       She doesn't look _ _ _ Mary.题型2：形容词、副词比较级例1：You look _than before，why?A. more thin B. more thinner C. much more thin D. much thinner 例2：The       ( hard

26、) you study , the       ( well ) youll be at your lessons .例3：杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。       Jack's father is _ _ _  than her mother.题型3：形容词、副词最高级例1：It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.Right. That's what she

27、 likes to do _.A more Bless Cmost Dleast例2：Johnson has the _(little) bread of us four.例3：你能用最少的人力和最少的金钱将工作做的最好吗？ Can you do the work        with        people and       money ?三、【能力提升】（梅岭7A期中17-1

28、8）六、任务型阅读（每空一词，每空1分，计10分）Mr Morgan is an old man. He is 65years old. He has a big house and a new car. He has no wife, but he is a father. He lives a happy life. He has two sons and two daughters. One of them was born in NewYork. His name is Jack. And the other is Simon, and he comes from England. H

29、is daughters names are Qianqian and Mikou. Qianqian is from China, and Mikou is a Japanese girl. Mr Morgan is not their real father, but he loves them very much. In his free time, they often watch TV, listen to music and talk to each other. His son Simon likes football and wants to play as well as M

30、essi（梅西）. Jack likes basketball. Kobe(科比) is his favorite star. They often play sports in different clubs after school, but they walk home together after that. At weekends, the girls usually stay at home and watch TV. They sometimes help Mr Morgan with some housework because he is too old. This week

31、end, Mr Morgan and his children go to Disney Land in America . They drive there and see many visitors in Disney Land. A girl dressed like Snow White greets them and they talk with her in English. They all have fun.Family _76_Father, two sons and two daughtersMr MorganHe is a happy father of _77_ chi

32、ldrenJackHe comes from _78_Sports and_81_Jack likes basketball SimonThe other _79_ is an English boyMessi is Simons _82_QianqianA _80_ girlThe girls often watch TV and help their father with the _83_ MikouShe comes from JapanIn their _84_ timeThey often watch TV, listen to music and talk to each oth

33、er.This weekThey _85_ Disney Land . They all have fun.七、缺词填空（共10空；每空1分，计10分）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词） American schools begin in September a_86_ a long summer holiday. There are two terms(学期) in a school year: the f_87_ term is from September to January, and the second is from February to

34、 June. Most American children begin to go to school w_88_they are five years old. Most students are seventeen o_89_ eighteen years old when they finish high school. High school students have only four or five s_90_ to learn each term. They u_91_ go to the same classes every day and they have to do t

35、heir h_92_ for every class. After high school , many students go to college (大学). They can go to a s_93_ one or a large one. Students have to s_94_ a lot of money on their studies. So many college students w_95_ after class to make money.八、书面表达（计30）A：根据中文意思，翻译下列句子。（每题2分，计10分）96. 短头发的男孩喜爱放学后去阅读俱乐部吗？9

36、7. 让我们下午一点半在校门口见面。98. 谢谢你带领我参观你们的学校图书馆。99. 学生们在周六下午练习打排球。100. 努力工作使他的梦想成真。 四、【课堂检测】（树人7B期末14-15）二、单项选择。（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，计15分）21. Most people think that English is _ useful language, but some students think its _ unimportant subject. A. a, an B. a, an C. an, an D. an, a22. When we passed by the shop,

37、we heard someone _ for help. A. called B. calls C. is calling D. calling 23. Li Ping has a bad grade in English. He is so _ . A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless24. Its hot here. Would you like to have _ to drink? A. enough cool something B. something cool enoughC. cool anything enough D. an

38、ything enough cool25. _ fine the weather is! And _ time the boys are having in the park! A. How a, what good B. How, what a good C. What a, What a good D. How, what good26. Look! The moon is shining _ the windows and everything is beautiful. A. across B. through C. over D. under27. My father is a te

39、acher and she always helps my brother and_ with_ English. A. I; our B. me; ourselves C. me; our D. I; my28. -Could I park my car here ? - . A. Yes, you can B. No , you couldnt C. Yes, you could D. No, I cant 29.- Do you like this pair of shorts? - Not very much. I dont like the colour. Please show m

40、e _. A. the other one B. another one C. other D. another pair 30. Goldfish are _ A. easily to look after B. easy to look afterC. easily to look after them D. easy to look after them31. She _able to help you if you _tell her the truthA. wont be；dont B. not：dont C. wont be；didnt D. no：didnt32. The fis

41、h smells _ and sells _.A. well, well B. good, well C. bad,bad D. badly,badly33. - Dont forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. - OK, _. A. I dont B. I do C. I will D. I wont34. -Is this _ classroom? -Yes, it is.A. Lucy's and Lily's B. Lucy and Lily's C. Lucy's and

42、 Lily D. Lucy and Lily 35. I hear there _ a talk on the history of China at the hall _ April 20th. A. will have; in B. will be; on C. is going to have; until D. is going to be; at3、 完形填空。（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，计15分）It was seven o'clock on the morning of August 29th. The Kelly family were going to Brigh

43、ton, a 36 by the sea."Can we have breakfast 37_ we leave?" asked Gina Kelly."No," said her mother. "We must leave now; or the traffic will be _38_ . We'll have breakfast when we _39_ the seaside."Gina ran downstairs. "I'm ready," she said.The family cl

44、imbed into the _40_, and Dad started driving. 41 the car was Mike. He was eleven. He didn't talk but just 42 music. In the back of the car 43 Gina, her mother and Ellen. Gina was nine and Ellen was three.Dad drove very fast. "You're driving too fast," said Mum. "You don't

45、have to drive so fast. It's 44 ."Dad laughed and drove more 45 . There wasn't 46 traffic, and they reached the town at nine o'clock. It was a sunny day, and the sea 47 very blue. "There's a cafe about 50 meters 48 the beach." said Gina. "Can we have breakfast ther

46、e?" "Yes," said Mum. They went into the cafe, and ate a very big breakfast. "Oh dear, I am full," said Gina. " 49 can I swim when I've got all that food inside me?""Easy," shouted Mike. "Just watch me!" He ran towards the sea, followed by Gi

47、na happily.What an 50 day it was going to be!36. A. village B. city C. town D. shop37. A. before B. after C. while D. when38. A. wonderful B. safe C. terrible D. easy39. A. move B. leave C. clean D. get to40. A. bus B. car C. train D. ship41. A. In front of B. In the front of C. Beside D. Behind42.

48、A. heard B. listened to C. listened D. heard of43. A. was B. is C. are D. were44. A. late B. great C. busy D. early45. A. slow B. slowly C. quick D. quickly46. A. too much B. much too C. too many D. many too47. A. sounded B. tasted C. looked D. felt48. A. far from B. far away from C. away D. from49.

49、 A. Where B. How C. Whether D. Why50. A. exciting B. boring C. useful D. excited4、 阅读理解。（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，计30分）阅读下列短文，从文后各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。ALeeds CastleOne of the most popular tour attractions in BritainOpening timesOpen all year round except 7th and 8th November and Christmas Day (25th December) 2015.

50、1 April to 30 September 2015Open ：10:30 am-5: 30 pm Gates close at 6 pm1 October 2015 to 31 March 2016Open ： 10:30 am-4:00 pm Gates close at 5 pmPrices Adults ：£ 16.50 Students ：£ 9.50 Children under 4 ： free51. Leeds Castle is closed on . .A. 7th January B. 8th August C. 25th December D.

51、1st April52. John and Mary will take their three-year-old son to Leeds Castle. How much should theypay?A. £ 33 B. £ 16.50 C. £ 26 D. £ 9. 5053. What time does Leeds Castle close on 29th October?A. 6 pm B. 6: 30 pm C. 5: 30 pm D. 5 pmBA jobless man wanted very much to have the pos

52、ition of "office boy" at Microsoft. The HR manager interviewed him and then watched him cleaning the floor as a test. " You have passed the test," he said. " Give me your e-mail address and I'11 send you the form to fill in and the date when you may start. " The man

53、 answered," But 1 don't have a computer, neither an e-mail. " "I'm sorry,"said the HR manager. " If you don' t have an e-mail , that means you are not living. And anyone who isn' t living cannot have the job."The man left with no hope at all. He didn'

54、; t know what to do, with only $10 in his pocket. He thought and thought. Then he went to the supermarket and bought 10 kilos of tomatoes. He sold the tomatoes from door to door. In less than two hours, he had 20 dollars. He repeated the operation three times, and returned home with $60. The man came to know that he could make money in this way, and started to go early every day, and returned home late. Shortly, he bought a cart, then a truck, then he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles(运货车队).Five years later, the man was one of the biggest food retailers(零售商)in