从零开始学语法

1、从零开始学语法：非延续性动词的用法特征1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived. 火车到了。Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用（只限肯定句）。如：(1 他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years s

2、ince he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2 他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1、(2句中的die、come为非延续性动词，不能与表示“时间段”的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法

3、：a. 将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。b. 将句中表示“时间段”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。c. 用

4、句型"It is+段时间+since."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。d. 用句型"时间+has passed+since."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3. 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。如：He hasn't left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。4. 非延续性动词的否定式与unti

5、l/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till."的句型，意为“直到才”。如：You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了，你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才去睡觉。5. 非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。因为when表示的时间可以是“时间点”（从句谓语动词用非延续性动词），也可以是“时间段”（从句谓语动词用延续性

6、动词）；而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.（reach为终止性动词）Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.（be away为延续性动词短语）6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用（只限于肯定句）。如：误：How long have you come here?正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here?动词acco

7、mpany三组正误句型动词accompany三组正误句型 他坚持要陪她去车站。误：He insisted on accompanying her to go to the station.正：He insisted on accompanying her to the station.析：表示陪某人去某地，只说 accompany sb to a place即可，通 常不说 accompany sb to do sth。我陪你去。误：I will accompany with you. 正：I will accompany you. 析：accompany(陪伴, 伴随是及物动词，其

8、后无需用介词。又如：Thunder accompanies lighting.(雷声伴着闪电。但是, 用于 被动语态的 accompany 后面可接介词 with 或 by。如：The lightning is accompanied with thunder.(电闪雷鸣。He was accompanied by his secretary.(他有秘书随行。坐在这儿陪我一会儿。误：Sit here and accompany me for a while. 正：Sit here and keep me company me for a while. 析：accompany 在一般英汉词典均注

9、为“陪伴”、“陪同”，但它 在英英词典里的在此义方面的释义是：to go somewhere with someone, especially to look after them，所以不要一见到 汉语的“陪伴”就用英语的 accompany 去套译。动词arrange的三组正误用法From: 动词arrange的三组正误用法请给我们安排一次与工人的会见。误：Please arrange us an interview with the workers.正：Please arrange an interview with the workers for us.析：arrange(安排通常不跟双

10、宾语。我已安排他去参加会议。误：Ive arranged him to attend the meeting.正：Ive arranged for him to attend the meeting.析：arrange(安排 用作及物动词时，其后可接不定式作宾语，但是习惯上却不接不定式的复合结构作宾语，若语义上需要这类 结构，可在 arrange 后加介词for(如上面的正句 或换成从句。如上面一句也可说成：Ive arranged that he (should attend the meeting.(注意从句的谓语形式他们是按大小排列的。误：They arranged in size.正：

11、They were arranged in size.析：arrange 表示“整理”、“排列”等，是及物动词。此句从语义上看应用被动语态。From: 动词allow的用法搭配From: 动词allow的用法搭配1. allow (doing sth 允许(做某事。如：The facts allow no other explanation. 事实不允许有其他的解释。We dont allow eating in the classrooms. (我们不允许在教室吃饭。注：有时用于被动语态。如：Dogs are not allowed. 狗不得入内。Smoking is not allowed

12、 here. 此处不准吸烟。2. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事。如：My parents dont allow me to go out at night. 我父母不允许我晚上出去。Her boss doesnt allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允许她使用电话。注：有时用于被动语态。如：Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不准吸烟。3. allow sb sth 给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间；让某人有(拥用或带有某物。如：He allows his son too much money.

13、他给他儿子的钱太多。Well allow you time to answer. 我们将给回答的时间。I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now. 如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。We allow passengers one item of hand luggage each. 我们允许每个乘客带一件手提行李。注：有时用于被动语态。如：Im not allowed visitors. 我不准有访客。4. allow for 考虑到，把考虑进来，体谅。如：We should allow for every possible delay.

14、 我们考虑到任何可能的延误。We must allow for his youth. 我们必须体谅他的年轻。From: 动词agree的短语与搭配动词agree的短语与搭配 1. agree with(1 表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等 (即持同一观点。如：I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。We agree with what you say. 我们同意你说的。(2 表示“(食物、天气、工作等对适宜”。如：The food does not agree with me. 这食物对我不适合。Hard work does not agree

15、 with him. 艰苦的工作对他不适宜。(3 表示“与一致”。如：His story agrees with the facts. 他的陈述与事实相符。A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. 动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。2. agree to (1 后接某些名词，表示同意或接受某事，尤其指别人提出的某事，有时可能是自己不喜欢的事。He agree the plan (the date. 他同意了这个计划(日期。We agreed to their arrangement. 我们同意了他们的安排。I wa

16、s forced to agree to it, but at heart I didnt quite agree with it. 我被迫答应，但内心并不完全同意。(2 后接动词原形(此时to是不定式符号或动名词(一般有逻辑主语，此时 to 是介词。如：We agreed to leave early. 我们同意早点出发。She agreed to my going home. 她同意我回去。注：英语不说 agree sb to do sth。如不说：* She agreed me to go home. 3. agree on upon(1 主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。如：

17、Can we agree on a price (a date? 我们能不能商定一个价格(日期? Both sides agreed on these terms. 双方都同意这些条件。注：在正式文体中，有时可省略介词 on。如：Can we agree a price (date? (2 后接动名词，表示同意做某事。如：He agreed on helping us. 他同意帮助我们。注：与 agree to do sth 大致同义。所以上句也可说成：He agreed to help us. 高考常用动词短语搭配1.动词+about speak/talk about谈论 think abo

18、ut思考 care about关心,对.有兴趣 bring about引起,使发生 set about 着手,开始 come about发生 hear about听说 worry about为.担心 2.动词+away throw away 扔掉 blow away吹走 carry away拿走,使入迷 clear away清除掉,消散 die away逐渐消失 pass away 去世 wash away冲走 take away拿走 put away收拾起来,存起来 give away背弃,泄露 wear away磨掉,消耗 break away摆脱 send away让走开 turn aw

19、ay把.打发走 3.动词+back keep back隐瞒,忍住 hold back控制住 call back回电话 look back回顾 give back归还 take back拿回,收回 4.动词+for run for竞选 ask for要求得到 wait for等候 long for渴望 care for关心,喜欢 search for查找 call for要求,需要 change for用.换 apply for申请 seek for寻找 stand for代表,表示 hope/wish for希望得到 beg for乞求 look for寻找 hunt for寻找 charge

20、 for收费,要价 take for误以为.是 come for来拿,来取 5.动词+down burn down 烧毁 take down记下,记录 cut down削减,砍倒 pass down 传下来 calm down平静下来 settle down 安家 tear down 拆毁,拆除 break down坏了,垮了,分解 turn down调小,拒绝 slow down慢下来 put down记下,写下,镇压 bring dow使.降低,使倒下 come down下落,传下 6.动词+at come at 向.袭击 run at冲向,向.攻击 tear at用力撕 stare at

21、凝视 glance at匆匆一瞥 knock at敲门,窗等 smile at冲某人笑 aim at向.瞄准 wonder at惊讶 shout at冲某人嚷嚷 work at干.活动研究 look at看,注视 glare at怒视 laugh at嘲笑 point at指向 strike at向.打击 shoot at向.射击 call at拜访地点 7.动词+from differ from与.不同 suffer from受.苦 hear from收到.来信 die from因.而死 keep/stop/prevent from不让.做 learn from向.学习 date from始

22、于.时候 result from由于 separate from把.分离开 8.动词+of think of想到 consist of由.组成 approve of赞成 talk of谈到 complain of抱怨 dream of梦到 speak of 读到 die of死于 hear of听说 become of发生.情况,怎么啦 9.动词+off start off出发 set off出发 leave off''中断 show off炫耀 get off下车 see off送行 put off延期,推迟 cut off切断,断绝 keep off避开,勿走近 knock

23、 off把.撞落 pay off还清 get off脱下衣服等 trun/switch off关掉 take off脱下,起飞 ring off挂断电话 come off脱掉,褪色 fall off跌落,掉下 go off走开,消失,坏了 break off打断 carry off携走,带走 give off散发出 10.动词+on depend on依靠 insist on坚持 keep/go on继续 put on穿上,戴上,上演 move on 继续移动,往前走 feed on以.为生 take on 雇佣,呈现 have on穿着 look on 旁观 rely on依靠 carry

24、on继续,进行 spend on在.花钱 call on拜访 live on以.为生 bring on使.发展 try on试穿 pass on传授,传递 turn/switch on打开 11.动词+out break out爆发 point out指出 pick out选出 burst out迸发 carry out 执行 hold out坚持下去 figure out 算出 bring out 阐明,使表现出 help out救助 set out出发,着手 wear out穿破,使.疲劳 make out 理解,看清楚 cross out划掉 keep out of使不进入,挡住 fin

25、d out查出,弄明白 try out 试用,试验 put out 扑灭 hand out 散发 run out用完 let out泄露,发出声音 turn out 结果是,生产 come out出版,出来 leave out省略,删掉 work out算出,想出办法等 give out散发,分发,用完 look out当心,堤防 speak out大胆讲出 send out发出,派遣 go out 熄灭12.动词+in give in让步 bring in引进,使得到收入 result in导致 join in参加 get in收获,进入 fill in填写 cut in插入 look in

26、来访,参观 hand in上交 drop in拜访 succeed in在.获得成功 take in接纳,吸收 break in强制进入,插话 call in召集,来访 persist in坚持 13.动词+into look into研究,调查 burst into闯入,迸发 change into把.变成 run into碰到 turn into变成 divide into把.分成 put/translate into把.译成 14.动词+over turn over翻倒,细想 go over审阅,检查,研究 get over克服 take over接管,接替 fall over跌倒,摔倒

27、 think over仔细考虑 look over翻阅,检查 run over压死,看一遍 watch over看守,照看 roll over翻滚 15.动词+to belong to属于 refer to谈到,涉及,参阅 turn to向.求助,查阅 see to处理,料理 reply to答复 object to反对 point to指向 stick/hold/keep t坚持,忠于 come to 共计,苏醒 get to到达 bring to使苏醒 agree to同意 supply to为.提供 add to增添 devote to贡献给 compare to与.相比,把.比作 wr

28、ite to写信给 lead to导致,通向 attend to处理 16.动词+up grow up 成长,长大 build up建立 put up 搭起,架起,安装,住宿,张贴,盖起 do up整理,包装,打扮 get up起床,站起 bring up抚养,呕吐,提出 stay up挺住,熬夜 sit up熬夜 use up用完 lay up积蓄 cut up切碎 end up总结 speed up加快速度 clear up整理,收拾,放晴 burn up烧毁 hurry up赶快 keep up保持 send up发射 open up开创,开辟 break up分解 give up放弃,

29、献出 set up架起,建立 go up增长,上涨 pick up拾起,学会,用车,来接,收听到 turn up开大,出席,出现 take up开始学,从事,占据 eat up吃完 tear up撕碎 make up构成,组成 join up联结起来,参军 come up上来,长出,出现 throw up呕吐 look up查找,找出 catch up赶上 fix up修理,安排,装置 hold up耽搁,使停顿 ring up打电话 divide up分配 17.动词+through get through通过,干完,接通电话 go through审阅,检查,学习 see through识破

30、 pull through渡过危机,康复 look through 翻阅,看一遍,仔细查看 put through接通电话 check through核对 18.动词+with deal with处理,对付 meet with遇到,遭受 agree with同意,与.一致 combine with与.相联合 do with处理,需要 talk with同.交流 compare with与.相比 equip with以.装备 cover with用.覆盖 end with以.结束 provide with 以.供给 begin with以.开始 supply with以.供给 play with

31、 玩,玩弄 19.三词以上的短语动词 add up to总计 keep away fro避开,别靠近m look down on 轻视 put up with忍受 keep up with 赶上 make up for弥补 get on/along with和.相处 get close to接近 get out of逃避,避免 set fire to放火烧 take notice of注意 do well in在.干得好 take a photo of拍.照片 make fun of开玩笑,取笑 get used to习惯于 keep in touch with保持联系 come into b

32、eing出现 take pride in为.而自豪 take an interest in对.感兴趣 make a fool of愚弄 take charge of负责 make friends with同.交朋友 take part in参加 catch sight of看见 break away from摆脱 do away with废除 look up to仰望,尊敬 catch up with 赶上 run out of用完 go on with继续 look forward to盼望 take hold of握住 get down to认真开始 pay attention to注意

33、set an example to为.树立榜样 pay a visit to访问 take the place of取代 make use of利用 get into the habit of染上.的习惯 get rid of摆脱 keep an eye on堤防 take care of照看 help oneself to随便吃,用 make room for给.让地方 take advantage of利用 take pity on可怜 play a part in 起作用,扮演.的角色 lose sight of看不见含break词组：    1.break

34、 away from 摆脱、逃掉、改掉、断绝来往。    例：The little boy broke away from his mother and ran away.    2.break down 损坏、身体衰弱。例：The car broke down.    3.break in 闯入、插嘴。vi.例：Dont break in when others are speaking.    4.break into 闯入、打断，突然开始。例：They broke in

35、to the house.    5.break out 爆发、发生。例：A quarrel broke out between them. 含call词组：    1.call for 叫（某人），接（某人），要求、需要。    例：Ill call for you tomorrow morning.    2.call in 召集、召来。例：Wed better call in a doctor.    3.call on/upon 访问、探

36、望（某人）、号召。例：I called on him yesterday.    4.call at 访问、探望（某处）。例：I hope to call at your office some day.    5.call up 给打电话、使人想起。例：The picture calls up scenes of my childhood. 含catch词组    1.catch/take/get hold of 握、抓住。例：He caught hold of the pigs ear. &

37、#160;  2.catch sight ofsee 看到、发现。例：The little girl cried as soon as she caught sight of her mother.    3.catch up with 赶上。 例：He tried to catch up with his classmates. 含come词组    e along 一起来，来到、快点。例：Come along,or well be late.    e back 回来，恢复知觉、复活、被回忆

38、起来。例：When he came back he found himeself tied to a tree.    e down 下来，下降、跌价。例：I dont think the price of meat will come down.    e in 进来。vi.    e on/upon 快点、赶快、进展、进行、偶遇。    e out 出来、出版。例：The magazine comes out weekly.    e to

39、到达、谈到、涉及、合计、总计。    e up 走过来、走近、长出、发芽。例：The seeds hasnt come up yet.cost，spend，pay，take    1.cost 句型：sth. cost money/time；sth.cost sb. time/money/劳力    2.spend句型：表“花费时”：sb.spend time/money on sth./(in/ondoing sth. 表“度过时”：sb.spend time 等介词场所、活动等。  

40、;  例：We spent two hours in a pleasant talk yesterday.    3.pay句型：pay sb.(money,pay(moneyfor sth, pay sb.for sth,sb.is paid    词组：pay off 付清，pay back 归还、偿还、报答，pay attention to 注意     4.take句型：1sth.takes time/money/energy    例：The journe

41、y will take two days.    2sth.takes time/money/energy to do    例：The work took us three hours to finish.    3It takes(sb.time/money/energy to do sth.    take词组：    1takeaway.拿走、移动    2take back 收回、撤消  

42、;  3take care of 照顾、注意    4take down 记下、写下、取下    5take off 脱去、起飞    6take place 发生、举行    7take up 提出，从事，占（时间、地点等）    例：take up a problem 提出一个问题， take up the struggle 从事斗争，take up much room 占很多地方    8takeou

43、t 取出、拿出 含do 词组    1.do some cleaning/washing/shopping/打扫卫生洗东西买东西    2.do ones lessons/homework 做功课做作业    3.do wrong 做坏事、犯罪    4.do sb.good/harm/wrong/a favourdo good/harm/wrong/a favour for sb.对某人有益有害冤枉帮忙    5.do away with 取消

44、、废除    6.do ones best 尽力、努力    7.do well in 做得好，在方面取得好成绩    8.do with 对付、处理，与相处。例：He is difficult to do with.他很难处。    9.have sth.to do with 与有关    10.do something/nothing 采取措施未采取措施历年高考试题英语短语动词完全解析1(79年全国高考题第9题You've dropp

45、ed your pencil._.   A. Pick up it     B. Pick it up  C. Take up it     D. Bring it up答案为B。句意：你掉了铅笔。把它拾起来。pick up(参见第29题，比较20、35题take up(参见第41题bring up(参见第14题2 (80年全国高考题第11题Scientists will continue to_ living things on the moon.

46、60;  A. look for     B. look after C. look upon     D. look at答案为A。句意：科学家继续在月球上寻找有生命的东西。look for(参见第20题，比较第8题look after(参见第32题，比较第8题look upon看作，认为是.(接aslook at看，注视(比较第8题3(80年全国高考题第12题It's dark in this room，_ the light，please.  

47、; A. turn on     B. put off C. turn off     D. put up答案为A。句意：房子里很暗，请打开灯。turn on(参见第18题，比较第21题    put off(参见第 11题，比较第36题 turn off(参见第18题，比较第5题  put up(参见第21题，比较第6、9、11、23题4(81年全国高考题第14题The Second World War_ in 1939.  

48、; A. broke out     B. broke up  C. broke in     D. broke答案为A。句意：第二次世界大战在1939年爆发。break out(参见第31题  break up(参见第31题break in (参见第31题 5(82年全国高考题第17题Would you mind_ your radio a little， please?   A. turn off    

49、; B. turning off   C. to turn down       D. turning down答案为D。句意：把你的收音机的声音关小点，可以吗？turn off(参见第18题，比较第3题     turn down(参见第37题，比较18、49题    6(82年全国高考题第19题When you come to Wuhan，I can _ for the night.   A. put you u

50、p       B. put you down    C. put you in        D. put you out答案为A。句意：你到武汉来时，我可以为你提供食宿。put up(参见第21题，比较第3、9、11、23题    put down(参见第11题，比较第36题   put in放进，提出，提交，插入，进入，使就职，种植，进港   put out(参

51、见第37题7(86年全国高考题第28题As soon as he entered the room，he _ his cap and sat down.   A. took off     B. took out  C. took away     D. took down答案为A。句意：他一进入那各房间，他就脱下帽子，坐下。take off(参见第43题  take out拔掉，去掉；取出，拔 出; 除掉(污迹等，擦去；邀(某人出门，带去；取得

52、，领 到(专利权，执照等；【律】发出(传票，传讯；摧毁， 消除；把.买出食用；启程，出发  take away(参见第28题   take down拿下，取下；记录下来；挫其气焰；拆掉；吞下，咽下；病倒；口欺骗(某人8(86年全国高考题第29题   -What are you doing?   -I'm _ the children. They should be back for lunch now.   A. looking after    B. lo

53、oking at   C. looking for      D. looking up答案为C。句意：你在做什么？我在找孩子。现在他们该回家吃中饭了。look after(参见第32题，比较第2题  look at(参见第2题   look for(参见第20题，比较第2题  look up(参见第20题，比较12题9(88年全国高考题第31题The teacher told the class to_ their books.   A. put away

54、0;    B. put by C. put on     D. put up答案为A。句意：老师要全班同学把书收好。put away(参见第19题，比较第11、37、38题 put by 放在一边，避开(人，质问等；储蓄；储存备用；储存(钱put on(参见第36题put up(参见第21题，比较第3、6、11、23题10(MET89第22题Cheap coal_ a lot of smoke.A. gives up     B. gives

55、in  C. gives away     D. gives off   答案为D。句意：廉价的煤会释放出大量的烟雾。give up(参见第25题，比较第29、35题    give in屈服，投降，退让(to；交呈上；宣布，发表(比较第21、25题    give away背弃，出买；泄露(秘密，暴露；散掉，给掉；赠送，分送；颁发；放弃；牺牲(比较第19、25、38题      

56、60; give off(散发出(蒸汽，烟，发散(光线11(MET89第38题The sports meet will be_ till next week because of thebad weather.A. put off      B. put away  C. put up      D. put down    答案为A。句意：因为天气恶劣，运动会将被推迟至下周。put off延期；推迟；推托；推诿；使气馁；关掉

57、；避开；使转换方向(比较第3、36题    put away(参见第19题，比较第9、37、38题   put up(参见第21题，比较第3、6、9、23题   put down写下；记下；控制；击败；平定；取缔；使(某人自惭形秽；使(飞机着陆；着陆(比较第6、36题 12(MET90第37题_ this book and tell me what you think of it.A. Look through    B. Look on C. Look into 

58、    D. Look up  答案为A。句意：看看这本书，告诉我你认为如何。look through从头看完，透视；审核，查看；温习；从.中显露出来   look on观看；面向，面朝；合读一本书；旁观；看待(比较第13题    look into向.的里面看，窥视；浏览；观察，调查    look up(参见第20题，比较第8题13(MET91第44题_! Theres a train coming.   A. Look out     B. Look aroun