2021医学考研复试：麻醉[SC长难句翻译文]

1、木仓医学考研复试SCI 长难句麻醉科第一章-全身麻醉To determ ine the risks of gen eral an esthesia a nd elective surgical procedures in patients who have histories of hypertension, the authors prospectively studied 676 consecutive operations in a series of patients more than 40 years old. All patients were examined preopera

2、tively, mon itoredin traoperatively,and closely followedpostoperatively. Although patients with higher preoperative blood pressure values had larger absolute intraoperative blood pressure decreases,the mean intraoperative systolic pressure nadirs in patients with tightly-c on trolled hyperte nsion (

3、100 士 2 torr) did no t differ from those in patientswith persistenttreated(97 ±3 torr) or untreated(98 ±2 torr) mild to moderatehypertension.为了确定有高血压病史的病人进行全麻和择期手术的风险，作者对一系列 40岁 以上患者的676例连续手术进行了前瞻性研究。所有患者都进行术前检查，术 中监测，术后密切随访。虽然术前血压值较高的患者术中血压绝对值降低得更多， 但严格控制的高血压患者术中的平均收缩压托X与持续治疗(97托±)3或

4、知识点总结：1 gen eral anesthesia prospectively consecutive preoperatively intraoperatively systolic moderate未经处理 (98托2)的轻度至中度高血压患者没有差异。adj. 一般的，普通的，大体的n.麻醉adv.预期地adj.连贯的adj.手术前的adj.手术时发生的adj.心脏收缩的adj.温和的，中等的Goldman,Lee , and D. L. Caldera . "Risks of General Anesthesia and ElectiveOperation in the H

5、ypertensive Patient." Anesthesiology50.4(1979):285-292.麻醉科第二章 - 硬膜外麻醉In epidural anaesthesia,the anaesthetistinjects one or more drugs into the epidural space bordering on the spinal dura mater to achieve a "central" and/or "neuraxial" block. It is one of the earliest techni

6、quesin anaesthesia, originally performed exclusively with local anaesthetic agents. Adding other drugs and combining epidural with general anaesthesiaor adapting the technique to the needs of children has extended the list of indications. Continuous epidural analgesia is an important tool in postope

7、rative pain management. More and more often, the increasing proportion of patients who have comorbidities or are permanently taking medication that modulates the clotting system demands that the anaesthesiologist balance the individual risks and benefits before inducing epidural anaesthesia.在硬膜外麻醉中，

8、 麻醉师将一种或多种药物注入与硬脊膜相邻的硬膜外间隙， 以 达到“中枢”和 / 或“神经轴”阻滞。它是最早的麻醉技术之一，最初完全是用 局部麻醉剂进行的。 增加其他药物， 硬膜外麻醉联合全身麻醉或根据儿童的需要 调整技术，扩大了适应证的范围。持续硬膜外镇痛是术后疼痛管理的重要手段。 越来越多的患者同时患有合并症或长期服用调节凝血系统的药物， 这就要求麻醉 医师在进行硬膜外麻醉前权衡个体的风险和收益。知识点总结： epiduraladj.硬脑膜外的 anaesthetistn. 麻醉师 neuraxialadj.轴索的 exclusivelyadv. 唯一地 indicationn.适应症 co

9、morbidityn.伴随疾病 modulatev.调节Gerheuser, F. , and A. Roth . "Epidural anesthesia." Der Anaesthesist 56.5(2007):499-523; quiz 524-6.木仓医学考研复试SCI 长难句麻醉科第三章 - 蛛网膜下腔麻醉We studied eight cases of apparent subarachnoid injection of local anesthetic through the optic nerve sheath and subsequentspread

10、to the parabrainstemcisterns and the contralateral optic nerve. The patients all experienced bilateral decrease in vision and ophthalmoplegia, and variable degrees of central nervous system symptoms and respiratory depression.The complications occurred with a variety of local anesthetic agentsand wi

11、th sharp disposable needles in six of the eight cases.These casesdemonstratedthe spectrum of signs and symptoms that may follow optic nerve sheathinjection of local anestheticagents.我们研究了 8 例经视神经鞘进行蛛网膜下腔局麻药注射后明显地扩散到脑干旁 脑池和对侧视神经的病例。 所有患者均出现双侧视力下降， 眼麻痹， 不同程度的 中枢神经系统症状和呼吸抑制。 8 例中有 6 例发生了各种局麻药和使用锋利的一 次性

12、针头的并发症。 这些病例表现出视神经鞘注射局麻药后的一系列症状和体征。知识点总结： subarachnoid optic cistern contralateral ophthalmoplegia sheathadj. 蛛网膜下的 adj. 视觉的，眼睛的 n. 水箱，水池 adj. 对侧的n. 眼肌麻痹n. 鞘麻醉科第四章 - 麻醉意识Awareness during anesthesia is a serious complication with potential long-term psychological consequences.Use of the bispectral in

13、dex (BIS), developed from a processedelectroencephalogram,has been reported to decreasethe incidence of anesthesia awareness when the BIS value is maintained below 60. In this trial, we sought to determine whether a BIS-based protocol is better than a protocol based on a measurementof end-tidal anesthetic gas (ETAG) for decreasing anesthesiaawarenessin patients at high risk for this complication.麻醉期间的苏醒是一个严重的并发症，可能会造成长期的心理后果。双谱指数(BIS)的应用是从处理过的脑电图发展而来，据报道，当BIS值保持在60以下时， 可以降低麻醉觉醒的发生率。 在本试验中， 我们试图确定基于 BIS 的方案是否比 基于潮末麻醉气体 (ETAG) 测量的方案更能降低高危患者的麻醉觉醒。知识点总结： bispectral index electroencepha