初中语法梳理-动词ing形式

1、初中语法梳理动词ing形式的用法 一.动词ing形式的两个基本特点:表主动或者表进行1 .在时间上表示动作正在进行eg：试比较a falling leaf正在飘落的树叶a fallen leaf 已经落地的树叶2. 在语态上表示主动eg. Our teacher came into the room, following our monitor.我们的老师跟在班长后面，走进教 室。试比较：Our teacher came into the room, followed by our monitor.我们老师走进教室，班长跟在他后 面。二.动词ing形式的时态与语态一般形式doing :表主动，

2、表进行，表示分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生eg. Hearing the wonderful music, I came into the room.听着美妙白勺音乐,我走进了教室。 被动形式being done :表被动，表进行eg. Being educated in Beijing University is the dream of many students.在 1 匕京大学受教育是许 多学生的梦想。完成形式having done :表主动，表完成，表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前eg. Having finished his homework, he went to play wit

3、h his friends.完成作业之后， 他和朋友去 玩了。完成被动形式having been done :表被动，表完成，表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前 eg. I hear they have promoted Tom, but he didn't mention having been promoted when we talked on the phone.我听说他们提拔了汤姆，但我们在电话里交谈时汤姆没有提到被提拔的事。三.现在分词在句子当中担当的句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补，状语1 .做主语动词ing形式作主语通常放句首，被看作是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数

4、形式eg. Getting up early is a good habit. 有时用it作形式主语，把动词-ing形式置后。例如：a wastedf timeno good/no useIt +be+ useless+ V-ingworthwhilefuneg. It is no use talking with him.It was a waste of time watching TV.在there be结构中作主语，例如：no rno sense in （没有道理）There be+ no point in （毫无意义） +V-ingno use ineg. There was no

5、knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。There is no point in discussing such matter.讨论这样的问题毫无意义。2. 作宾语作介词的宾语eg. She is interested in working for our firm.她对为我们公司工作很咸兴趣。（2）部分动词后必须用 doing 作宾语，例如：enjoy, practise, advise, suggest, mind, keep, finish , admit 等。eg. I enjoy learning about new things.我喜欢了解

6、新事物。You should practise speaking English every morning.你应该每天早晨练习英语。注意：有些动词后既可以加doing,也可以加to,但意义不同，注意区分。例如：remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do记得要去做某事 类似的词还有forget, regret, stop等。3. 作表语eg. His favorite sport is hiking.他最喜欢的运动是徒步旅行。My job is playing all kinds of instruments.我的工作是演奏各种乐器。区分：My mothe

7、r is cookine.主语谓语（cooking是cook的现在分词，表示状态，在这表示妈妈正在做饭这个状态）My job is playing all kinds of instruments.主语 一词表语（playing是动名词，表示我工作的性质、属性，并不是现在正在演奏乐器。）4. 作定语单个动词-ing形式作定语，一般放在被修饰名词前面，此时与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主 谓关系。例：a walking stick 手杖a sleeping boy一个正在睡觉的男孩drinking water 饮用水区分：a sleeping boy正在睡觉的男孩sleeping是现&分词，

8、表示状态。a sleeping bus 卧车sleeping 是动名词，表示属性，特征。 分词短语作定语要后置，相当于一个定语从句。例：a girl standing under the tree站在树下的女孩The man visiting Japan is his father.=The man who is visiting Japan is his father.访问日本的那个人是他父亲。5. 作宾补：现在分词作宾补表示正在发生的动作，接分词作宾补的动词有： feel, hear, see, watch, observe, notice, find, smell, + sb./ sth

9、. doing 表示该动作正在进行eg. I saw him going upstairs.我看见他正在上楼。 have ,keep, start, leave, get, catch + sb./ sth. doing使.一直处于某种状态The mother kept her son staying at home for a whole day.妈妈让儿子一整天待在家里6. 作状语注意：动词ing形式，与主句的主语在逻辑上是主动关系。原因状语Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.已经失败了两次，他不想再拭了。时间状语_Wh

10、en leaving the station, he waved again and again to me.离开车站的时候，他向我频频挥手。 动作基本同时发生Having turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.关掉电视机以后，他便开始复习 功课。动作有前后顺序方式和伴随状语He sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper.他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。伴随状语They stared his breath using a mouth-to- mouth way.他们采用 口对口 的方法，使他恢复了 呼吸。 方式状语结果状语,一般分词前面要加so, thereby, thus, hence.He worked day and night, thus making himself near-sighted.他日夜工作，结果造成眼睛的近 视。 条件状语：一般放在句首，其前可以加if, unless等连词。If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.如果玩一整天，你就会浪费了宝贵的时