翻译方法和技巧(转换)

1、Conversion转换法 定义定义 词性转换词性转换 句法成分、语态转换句法成分、语态转换 叙述角度、表达方式转换叙述角度、表达方式转换 ExercisesExercises Conversion, one of the commonly adopted translation techniques, means the change of part of speech, parts of sentence, perspectives, etc.in translation. 转换词性、句法成分、语态、视角和表达转换词性、句法成分、语态、视角和表达方式等方式等I. DefinitionI.

2、Definition词性转换词性转换 Generally speaking, conversion of parts of speech in E-C translation take the following forms:1. Conversion into Verbs1. Conversion into Verbs2. Conversion into Nouns2. Conversion into Nouns3. Conversion into Adjectives3. Conversion into Adjectives4. Conversion into Adverbs4. Conv

3、ersion into Adverbs1. Conversion into Verbs1. Conversion into Verbs I think my little sister is a better teacher than I.我的小妹妹比我教得好。我的小妹妹比我教得好。 Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯 You

4、are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. 你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。 Tips 大量使用名词、形容词、介词词组等静态结构，是英语的一个重要标志，而汉语中则大量使用动词和动词短语。 因此，英翻汉时具有动词概念的静态结构往往转译成动词或动词词组2. Conversion into Nouns2. Conversion into Nouns Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to

5、wear.这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。 To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权利的化身。在他们看来，他就是绝对权利的化身。 I wish he was blind我希望他是个瞎子。我希望他是个瞎子。3. Conversion into Adjectives3. Conversion into Adjectives Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.学习中独立思考是绝对必须的。学习中独立思考是绝对必须的

6、。 This experiment was a success.这个实验很成功。这个实验很成功。 The pressure inside equals the pressure outside.内部的压力和外部的压力相等。内部的压力和外部的压力相等。4. Conversion into Adverbs4. Conversion into Adverbs Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials.只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。 I h

7、ave the honor to inform you that your request is granted.我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。句子成分、语态转换 1. Brussels fell to him on September 3 and Antwerp the next. 他于9月3日攻克了布鲁塞尔，次日又拿下安特卫普。 2. They were attended from morning to night by female helpers, wives and nurses and secretaries. 从早到晚，都有妻子、护士、秘

8、书这样的女帮手服侍他们。 3. You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The somebodies come late.在鸡尾酒会上人们常常可以看出大人物和无名小卒来。那些迟到的就是大人物。（主语转换为表语；谓语转换为主语） 4. Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上顺

9、利舒适。（状语转换为谓语） Tips: 英语的句法结构相对固定，被动语态的使用频率较汉语多。在英翻汉时，不应太拘泥于原文的句法成分，不妨考虑将原文的句法成分进行调整转换，或者将原文的语态进行转换。观察视角、表达方式的转换 1. Your cooperation will be greatly appreciated. 非常感谢您的配合。 2. Apology is missing him. 他毫无道歉之意。 3. Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation. 八

10、十七年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创建了一个新的国家。（计量词转换，变为译语中清楚明了的表达方式。） 4. She has been a widow only for six months. 她丈夫死了至今才不过半年。 5. Is there a special rate by the month?Yes, there is a 10% discount.按月计算有什么优惠吗？有，可以打9折。 Tips: 英汉语言存在思维方式和观察视角的差别，因此在翻译时要经常尝试不同的叙述角度和表达方式，不可对原文亦步亦趋。Exercises 1. With the passage of time, my a

11、dmiration for him grew more. 2. My audience varied from tens to thousands. 3. There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. 4. The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing. With the passage of time, my admiration for him grew more.随着时间的流逝，

12、我对他越来越敬慕。随着时间的流逝，我对他越来越敬慕。 My audience varied from tens to thousands. 我的听众少则数十人，多则上千人。我的听众少则数十人，多则上千人。 There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.目前我国各地对各种消费品的需求已大大目前我国各地对各种消费品的需求已大大增加。增加。 The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing.小偷颤

13、抖着交代了自己干的坏事。小偷颤抖着交代了自己干的坏事。Homework1. He was a regular visitor.2. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.3. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.4. Talking with the his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.5.We are es

14、pecially thankful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.6.They were not content with their present achievements.7.He was eloquent and elegant-but soft。8.This course of study is designed to help those wishing to teach abroad9.The earth on w

15、hich we live is shaped a ball.10.Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. One way an organization can find staff for job vacancies is to recruit outside the company. It may opt to put an advertisement in a newspaper or magazine which gives a short description of the job an

16、d invites introductory letters from applicants. Since the company would not desire applicants who do not have a good profile, it is important that an application form sent to a prospective applicant should request clear information about such things as the applicants age, qualifications and work exp

17、erience as well as references from other individuals who know the applicant well. This information assists the companys management in making a final decision on those applicants they can short-list for an interview. The staff conducting an interview together are called an “interview panel”, who, prior to the interview, car