高考语法填空解题技巧及专项训练(共9页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考语法填空解题技巧及专项训练语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型。这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、

2、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。有提示词：考查谓语动词非谓语动词形容词副词无提示词：考查冠词介词连词代词一、已给单词提示题型的技巧 此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否

3、需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。 例1：There are many students living at school，the(child)houses are all far from schoo1 由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式 复数的所有格childrens。 技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。例2：A talk(g

4、ive)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式tn be given。 技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no onenone、otheranother等。例3：The king decided to see the painter

5、 by(he)由介词bv可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。 技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和est，或在词前Imoreless和mostleast，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。例4：I am (tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest students in my class 此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。 技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式

6、变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及onetwo的特殊变化形式。例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horsesMy eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a(three)从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在

7、名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very_(happiness) 在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happinessJ 成词根h印py；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀Hn，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧 此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。 技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例7：The childr

8、en were playing on the ground，enjoying_，dirty but happy 从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例8：His bosswas_angry astofire him 如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语SO?as to，所以，so是正解。 技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例9：He did not done_his father had asked him to do 审题可知，横线所在

9、为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例10：Those_want to go to the village must sign here 经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。 技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例11：The us consists_fifty states 根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由? ?组成”，所以答案是of。例12：Mrs Baker was ill，s

10、o her daughter had to ask forleave to take_of her 生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。 技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。例13：Mr Smithtook a planetoLondon_of taking a train 此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。例14：Justthen，he saw a blackboard in_ofhim细心观察，可

11、以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解。 技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等。例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family was too poor 此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例16：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre 横线处

12、的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。 技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查1y形式的方式副词(见技巧六形容词派生副词的情况)。例17：Jackie likes to drive at_ high speed这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。例18：Old Toms grand·daughter used to

13、visit him_Saturday afternoon Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work_Zhang Wen did，hegotalowerpay_Zhang Wen 第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。例20：It was only one day left,_，his father had no idea to answer him 观察上下旬，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开

14、，排除but，所以答案是however。 技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例21：Tony_travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV 由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应

15、该是填其反义词likes。语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。附：2017年高考语法填空专题训练（13则） (1)Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of t

16、he main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around th

17、e stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neig

18、hbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. Keys: 31. who 32. But 33. a 34. hid 35. Another 36. it 37. s

19、aying 38. will be 39. strength 40. Under (2)The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as _31_ investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32_ (late) medical de

20、velopment. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from _33 countries and cultures. However, _34_there are many positive developments _35_ (associate) with the Internet, there a

21、re also certain fears and concerns. _36_ concern relates to a lack of control over_37_ appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are 38 (restrict) on what kinds of programs can _

22、39_ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable _40_ their children to see.Keys: 31. an 32. latest 33.other/different 34. while 35.associated 36. One 37. what 38. restrictions 39. be broadcast(ed) 40.for (3)Crying

23、marriage? 31 (surprise), isnt it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest Chinas Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, es

24、pecially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure.It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the brides neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would be

25、come the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) mar

26、riages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life. Keys: 31. Surprising 32.remained 33. until/till 34. necessity 35. the 36. Otherwise 37. her 38. in 39. way/means 40. arranged (4)In order to know a for

27、eign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear _31_ spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _32_ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We

28、must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.There is no easy way to success _33_ language learning. _34_ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _35_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and _36_meaning, studyi

29、ng the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. _37_we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the languang. “Learn through use” is a good piece of _38_(advise) for those _39_are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must pract

30、ise speaking and _40_(write) the language whenever we can. Keys: 31.it 32. Thirdly 33. in 34. A 35. to memorize 36. their 37. If 38. advice 39. who 40. writing (5)At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroads with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but 31 I drove up to the

31、 light, it turned red, and I braked to a halt. I look left, right, and behind me. Nothing. 32 a car, no suggestion of headlights, but there I sat, 33 (wait) the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering 34 I refused to run the light. I was not afr

32、aid of 35 (catch) by the police, because there was obviously no cop anywhere around and 36 certainly would have been no danger in going 37 it. Much later that night, the 38 question of why Id stopped for that light came 39 to me. I think I stopped because its part of a contract (合同) we all have with

33、 each other. Its not only the law, but its an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor 40 : we dont go through red lights. Like most of us, Im more ready to be stopped from doing something bad by the social agreement that disapproves of it than by any law against it. Keys: 31. as / when 3

34、2. Not 33.waiting 34. why 35. being caught 36. there 37. through 38.same 39.back 40. it (6)Nowadays, millions 31 lonely singles are now going online instead. 32 World Wide Web is quickly becoming the worlds most popular matchmaker(媒人). Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their

35、 busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites(约会网址) is quick and convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene 34 (just lead) them from one bad experience to 35 and are ready to try something else. Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone

36、37 you are not interested in. In the real world, 38 , ignoring someone you dont like can be difficult. Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People arent always those who they declare to be in their online 39 (describe). Safety is another concern. You are j

37、ust 40 (like) to find a criminal online as you are Mr. Or Miss Right. Keys; 31. of 32. The 33. mainly 34. has just led 35. another 36. it 37. who / whom 38. however 39. description 40. likely (7)Polar bears are suffering in a 31 (warm) world than ever before.Polar bears live in environments too cold

38、 for most animals. 32 much of the year, they live and hunt on the frozen Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 33 for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that 34 (threat) the only home they know.The polar bears world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice has re

39、duced by 9.8% every 10 years 35 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their 36 (survive). “The sea ice is more than just this platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 37 scientist who studies North American polar bear

40、populations. “ 38 it, they cant exist.”Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. 39 in a warmer world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time to hunt. Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat is used later, 40 the bears are not

41、actively hunting. Keys; 31. warmer 32. For/During 33. them 34.threatens 35. since 36.survival 37. a 38. Without 39. But 40.when (8) 31 is possible that we simply do not stay in one place for a true friendship to develop. However, there can be no disagreement on the need for each of us 32 (think) car

42、efully about the kind of friendships we want. To most of us, friendships are considered 33 (importance), but need to have clear in our own minds 34 kinds of friendships we want .Are they to be close or 35 (keep) at arms length? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For

43、some people, many friendships on the surface are quite enoughand thats all right .But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our 36 (friend)expectations. If one wants more from the friendship than the other, 37 if this is not talked about, one is likely at last to f

44、ell that hes holding the short end of the stick. The sharing of personal experience 38 (include) our tears as well as our dark dreams 39 (be) the surest way to deepen friendships. But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there signs of interest and action 40 return. Keys: 31. It 32. t

45、o think 33. important 34.the 35. kept 36.friends 37. and 38. including 39.is 40. in (9) Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. 31_ a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with 32_ (inform) in the reading even if they

46、do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned 33_ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not g

47、iven, the student is 34_(responsibility) for learning the material assigned. When research 35_( assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Profe

48、ssors do not have the time to explain 36_ a university library works; they expect students, 37_(special) graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference origins in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In th

49、e United States, professors have many other duties 38 _ teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time 39_ a professor can spend with a student outside of class 40_( limit). If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during o

50、ffice hours or make an appointment. Keys: 31. If / When 32. information 33. with 34. responsible 35. is assigned 36. how 37. particularly/especially 38. besides 39. which/ that 40. is limited (10)This is a true story which happened in the States. A man came out of his home to admire his new truck. T

51、o his 31 (puzzle), his three-year-old son was 32 (happy) hammering dents(凹痕) into the shiny paint of the truck. The man ran to his son, knocked him away, hammered the little boy's hands into pulp(果浆汁) as 33 (punish). When the father calmed down, he rushed his son to the hospital. 34 the doctor t

52、ried desperately to save the crushed bones, he finally had to cut the fingers from both the boy's hands. When the boy 35 (wake) up from the operation and saw his bandaged stubs, he innocently said, “Daddy, I'm sorry about your truck.” Then he asked, “ 36 when are my fingers going to grow back?”The father went home and committed suicide.Think about this story 37 next time someone steps on your feet or you wish to take revenge. Think first 38 you lose your patience with someone you love. Trucks can 39 (repa