短文改错与书面表达

1、短文改错与书面表达短文改错与书面表达 云南省特级教师云南省特级教师昆明市特级教师赵磊工作室昆明市特级教师赵磊工作室(官二中官二中)2004.12.25高考英语短文改错命题的高考英语短文改错命题的思考及对策思考及对策1.2000年以来高考短文改年以来高考短文改错错试题及答案试题及答案2000 The day before the speech contest, English teacher talked to me. She said that she and my classmate all wished me success, but it didnt matter that I woul

2、d win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered her words and calm down. I did a good job and won the first

3、prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 1. English 前加前加my或或 the 2. classmate 改为改为classmates 3. that 改为改为whether 4. 正确正确 5. as 改为改为that 6. 去掉去掉a 7. but 改为改为and 8. calm 改为改为calmed 9. is 改为改为are 10. 去掉去掉often 2001 Like

4、 most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words, I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. They did not want me to do any work at family. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so

5、that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter? What things are in other homes, I wonder.

6、 1. 正确正确 2. 去掉去掉any 3. make前加前加to 4. did 改为改为do 5. family 改为改为home 6. subject 改为改为subjects 7. a 改为改为the 8. 去掉去掉about 9. and 改为改为or 10. What 改为改为How 2002 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuang. As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and an

7、imals. The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain, we fed the monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes q

8、uickly. Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 1. famous 前加前加a 2. 正确正确 3. we 前加前加when 4. them 改为改为us 5. visiting 改为改为visited 6. picture 改

9、为改为pictures 7. passes p改为改为passed 8. 去掉去掉down 9. and 改为改为but 10. 去掉去掉at 2003 When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I follow

10、ed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was a good one. T

11、heir word were a great encouragement to me. 1. 正确正确 2. 去掉去掉in 3. anything 改为改为everything 4. my 改为改为a 5. 去掉去掉should 6. talk 改为改为talking 7. me 改为改为myself 8. showed 后加后加it 9. reads 改为改为read 10. were 改为改为was 2004Dear Ralph, Im a new comer here of a small town. I would describe myself as shy and quietly.

12、 Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. Besides, I have few friends. I dont know that they dont like to talk to me. Sometimes, we talked to each other well in class, but after

13、class we become stranger at once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do?1. of 改为改为from 2. quietly 改为改为quiet 3. 前加前加well as 4. to 改为改为at 5. 正确正确 6. that 改为改为why 7. talked 改为改为talk 8. stranger 改为改为strangers 9. since 改为改为but 10. 去掉去掉ab

14、out 2. 从试卷看从试卷看2000年以来的年以来的考点或范围考点或范围20001. English 前加前加my或或 the 冠词冠词/代词代词2. classmate 改为改为classmates 名词名词3. that 改为改为whether 引导从句的词引导从句的词 4. 正确正确 正确正确5. as 改为改为that 引导从句的词引导从句的词 6. 去掉去掉a 冠词冠词7. but 改为改为and 连词连词8. calm 改为改为calmed 谓语动词谓语动词/时态时态9. is 改为改为are 谓语动词谓语动词/时态时态10. 去掉去掉often 副词副词20011. 正确正确

15、正确正确 2. 去掉去掉any 短语短语/代词代词3. make前加前加to 原形原形/不定式不定式 4. did 改为改为do 谓语动词谓语动词/时态时态5. family改为改为home 短语短语/名词名词6. subject 改为改为subjects 名词名词7. a 改为改为the 冠词冠词8. 去掉去掉about 短语短语/介词介词9. and 改为改为or 连词连词10. What 改为改为How 感叹词感叹词20021. famous 前加前加a 名词名词/冠词冠词2. 正确正确 正确正确3. we 前加前加when 引导从句的词引导从句的词 4. them 改为改为us 代词代

16、词5. visiting 改为改为visited 谓语动词谓语动词/时态时态6. picture 改为改为pictures 名词名词7. passes 改为改为passed 谓语动词谓语动词/时态时态8. 去掉去掉down 短语短语/副词副词9. and 改为改为but 引导从句的词引导从句的词10. 去掉去掉at 介词介词20031. 正确正确 正确正确2. 去掉去掉in 介词介词3. anything 改为改为everything 代词代词4. my 改为改为a 短语短语/冠词冠词5. 去掉去掉should 谓语动词谓语动词/时态时态6. talk 改为改为talking 原形原形/动名词

17、动名词7. me 改为改为myself 代词代词8. showed 后加后加it 代词代词9. reads 改为改为read 谓语动词谓语动词/时态时态10. were 改为改为was 谓语动词谓语动词/时态时态20041. of 改为改为from 介词介词2. quietly 改为改为quiet 形容词形容词/副词副词3. 前加前加well as 引导从句的词引导从句的词4. to 改为改为at 介词介词5. 正确正确 正确正确6. that 改为改为why 引导从句的词引导从句的词7. talked 改为改为talk 谓语动词谓语动词/时态时态8. stranger 改为改为strange

18、rs 名词名词9. since 改为改为but 引导从句的词引导从句的词/连词连词10. 去掉去掉about 介词介词3. 2000年以来考点分布情况年以来考点分布情况42000年以来短文改错的年以来短文改错的命题特点命题特点1.重点考查：重点考查： 谓语动词或时态谓语动词或时态 复合句的引导词复合句的引导词 名词单复数名词单复数 冠词冠词 介词介词 代词代词 连词连词 形容词和副词形容词和副词 不定式，动词原形和动名词不定式，动词原形和动名词 感叹词感叹词2. 2001，2002分布较均匀。分布较均匀。3. 2001开使对词组或短语进行考查开使对词组或短语进行考查4. “改改”的比重大，的比

19、重大，“去掉去掉”的比重小，的比重小， “加加”的比重很小。的比重很小。5. 初中内容大，高中内容小。初中内容大，高中内容小。6. 短文皆由命题人员从中学生作文短文皆由命题人员从中学生作文 中选出，少有原文痕迹。中选出，少有原文痕迹。5对对 策策 1.谓语动词或时态谓语动词或时态 上下文时态是一致。上下文时态是一致。 主语和谓语单复数是否一致。主语和谓语单复数是否一致。 并列谓语。并列谓语。未来还可能出现的几种情况：未来还可能出现的几种情况： 被动语态被动语态 句首的动词句首的动词例：例：Working hard at you lessons and you will be a success

20、.Work in the field . he saw a snake. Teach English plays an important role in his life.Catch up with his classmates, he is working hard.Help by Mrs. Black, I made progress in English. 要领：两个动词或两个谓语之间必需有连词，否则是错的。要领：两个动词或两个谓语之间必需有连词，否则是错的。 例：例：Mike ran into the street carried his bag.2.复合句的引导词复合句的引导词要领

21、：两个句子之间必须有连词，否则是错的。要领：两个句子之间必须有连词，否则是错的。 日常教学中注意引导学生找复合句并翻译。日常教学中注意引导学生找复合句并翻译。 多让学生熟悉引导词。多让学生熟悉引导词。what which that (all)sothat suchthat the sameas suchas who which whom whoever whosewhen while during as before after if unless although(but) because(so) because because of what whatever why how asas n

22、ot so/asas 3.名词单复数名词单复数要领：判断可数名词与不可数名词。要领：判断可数名词与不可数名词。 可数名词前有无可数名词前有无a/an/the, 后有无后有无s/es。 是否为词组（常涉及冠词）。是否为词组（常涉及冠词）。 未来还可能出现的几种情况：未来还可能出现的几种情况： 是否须转换为动词或形容词。是否须转换为动词或形容词。 作主语，与谓语的单复数是否一致。作主语，与谓语的单复数是否一致。 名词所有格。名词所有格。日常教学中注意把握：日常教学中注意把握： a/an 加可数名词的单数表示类别。加可数名词的单数表示类别。 the 加可数名词的单数表示类别。加可数名词的单数表示类别

23、。 可数名词的复数表示类别。可数名词的复数表示类别。 the 加不可数名词表示特指。加不可数名词表示特指。 无冠词的不可数名词表示泛指。无冠词的不可数名词表示泛指。 4介词介词要领：介词短语。要领：介词短语。 动词短语。动词短语。 一些习惯表达方式：一些习惯表达方式：例：例：on the morning of the sports meet last/this/that/next/each/every/one day/spring/week/month/year with/without before/after instead/instead of because/because of in

24、 the beginning at the beginning of in the end/at the end of/by the end of between/among in/out of/into 5. 冠词冠词 日常教学中注意把握：日常教学中注意把握： a/an 加可数名词的单数表示类别。加可数名词的单数表示类别。 the 加可数名词的单数表示类别。加可数名词的单数表示类别。 可数名词的复数表示类别。可数名词的复数表示类别。 the 加不可数名词表示特指。加不可数名词表示特指。 无冠词的不可数名词表示泛指。无冠词的不可数名词表示泛指。要领：要领： A. 找位置。找位置。 名词，序数词

25、，最高级，比较级，形容词原级前名词，序数词，最高级，比较级，形容词原级前 B. 判断特指判断特指/泛指。泛指。 C. 冠词（注意在元音前还是辅音前）。冠词（注意在元音前还是辅音前）。 D. 去掉冠词。去掉冠词。 E. 加冠词。加冠词。 F 是否为习惯用法或词组。是否为习惯用法或词组。6代词代词要领：弄清代词代的是什么？人还是物？要领：弄清代词代的是什么？人还是物？ 代词与所代名词单复数是否一致。代词与所代名词单复数是否一致。 代词与所代名词性别是否一致。代词与所代名词性别是否一致。此外未来还应注意以下几各方面：此外未来还应注意以下几各方面：A. something/anything/nothi

26、ng/everything/ somewhere/anywhere/nowhere/everywhere B. other/others/anotherC. none all any neither both either many/much/little/few/no主格与宾格主格与宾格宾格与反身代词宾格与反身代词反身代词的单复数形式反身代词的单复数形式形容词性和名词性的物主代词形容词性和名词性的物主代词 7连词连词 and/but/or neither nor eitheror whetheror bothand not only/justbut(also)(as well) 要领：翻译要

27、领：翻译8形容词和副词形容词和副词 要领：根据用途和位置进行形容词和副词对改。要领：根据用途和位置进行形容词和副词对改。 注意比较等级。注意比较等级。 如：如： asas not as/soas than a better one the younger of the two the morethe better the rich the sick9不定式，动词原形和动名词不定式，动词原形和动名词 要领：找不定式，找动词原形，找动名词，要领：找不定式，找动词原形，找动名词， 找到后在往前找同一句子中最近的介词或动词，找到后在往前找同一句子中最近的介词或动词， 并根据所学知识进行判断。并根据所学知识进行判断。 例：例： Play basketball makes me healthy and strong. She asked me to go with him. She wanted to make me to give up smoke. We spent two days work on the plan. John left the office with