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1、1. 现在完成时(1)现在完成时的定义: 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现在有了结果,对现在造成影响。该时态还可表示开 始于过去并持续到现在一段时间内发生的动作。它是一个把过去和现在密切联系起来 的时态。( 2)现在完成时的构成: have/has+过去分词(3)现在完成时的基本用法:1)表示(不确定的)过去发生(可能刚结束)的动作(通常为短暂性动词),但它所造成的状态目前依然存在,后面通常不用时间状语,但句中常出现 just, recently, lately, already, yet (用于疑问句和否定句)等副词。如:I ve just finished reading the novel
2、.我 刚刚读完这本小说。Have you seen the doctor yet? 你看过医生了吗?2)表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在(有可能到将来)(通常为延续性动词),常和 for+ 时间段( for 可以省略)或 since +时间点(如:then/1998/five years ago/he left ) , today, now, so far, up to now, up till now, this week/month/year, in/during/over/for the last/past few years/days 等时间状语连用。如:She has b
3、een a teacher for twenty years. 她已经当了 20 年的老师了。I haven t seen Justin since last Friday nigh自t. 上周五晚到现在我一直没看到贾斯廷。3 ) 表示从过去到现在的反复性和习惯性动作,常和 always, often, from time to time, frequently, ever, never, seldom, before, once,等表示频tim度e的s 副词和短语连用。 如:I have often/never heard her sing this song. 我经常 / 从未听她唱这首歌
4、。Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. 有些村民说他们多次看到过 飞碟。4)现在完成时还可用于时间和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时, 此时强调动作的完成。如:Let wait unttilh e rain stops/has stopped. 让我们等到雨停了。If anyone has found a watch, would they please leave it on my desk? 如有人发现一块手 表,可否请他放在我桌上?I will write the letter when I have finished
5、 the book. 我看完这本书后就写信。5)现在完成时还可用于某些固定句型中。如: “ It/This/That is the first/second+thattim从e句 ”,从句谓语动词用现在完成时。s phoned her this morBill is phoning his girlfriend again. That s the third time that he比尔又在给他女朋友打电话了。这已是他今天上午第三次给她打电话了。 “ is the 形+ 容词最高级 +名词+定语从句 ”,从句谓语动词用现在完成时。He is the most diligent student
6、that I have (ever) taught 他是我教过的最勤奋的学生。 “It is + 一段时间 +since+一般过去时(谓语动词为短暂性动词) ”。如:It is two years since he left the country. 他离开这个国家已有两年了。=He left the country two years ago.=He has been away from the country for two years. leave 等短暂性动词必须改换成相应的状态动词。成对的词有:become-be; come/arrive-be here, go/leave-be a
7、way, return/get back-be back, die-be dead; join the army-serve in the army, marry-be married to, borrow-the book-keep the book, catch a cold-have a cold, start/begin-be on ( 开始, 进行, 放映 ),end/finish/stop-be over, appear-be there, disappear-be gone, get lost-be missing (丢失)。2 现在完成进行时(1) 现在完成进行时定义:现在完成
8、进行时表示动作从过去某时开始, 一直延续到现在, 可能刚停止, 也可能还在 继续(视上下文确定) 。现在完成进行时一般不用于被动语态。( 2)现在完成进行时的构成: have/has+been+现在分词 (3)现在完成进行时的基本用法:1) 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。它常和how long, for+ 时间段 ,since+时间点结构及 all the time, this week, all day/night, all the morning 等连用。如: I haven t been sleeping well since I return heodme. 回到家以
9、来我一直睡得不好。 We have been looking at other possibilities too, such as murder. 我们一直在调查其他的可能性,比如说谋杀。2) 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。如: Sorry, I m late. Have you been waiting lon对g?不 起,我迟到了。你等了很久了吗? Yes. I ve been waiting for an hou是r.的 ,我等了一个小时了。3) 表示现在以前这段时期反复发生的动作(强调次数多,动作不一定持续)。如:He has been cycling to w
10、ork for the last three weeks. 三周以来,他一直骑自行车上班。 We ve been seein gquite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们经常见面。 Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week. 一周来吉姆每晚都给杰妮打电话。3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别:1) 现在完成时表示到现在为止动作已经完成, 强调结果; 而现在完成进行时强调动作本 身的持续性,不管动作是否完成。如:I have read this novel. 我已读过这本小说。 (可能
11、刚读过,也可能是很久以前读的)I have been reading this novel. 我一直在读这本小说。 (不一定看完) 这种词包括 write, build, design, repair, clean 等。2) 现在完成时表示反复发生的动作,询问或说明已经完成动作的多少或次数,用howmany times ;而现在完成进行时表示持续的不间断的动作,询问或说明动作的延续性 (长久),用 how long 。如:How many times have you visited Egypt this month? 你本月访问过埃及几次?How long have you been rea
12、ding that book? 那本书你读了多长时间了?3) 一些表示感情和情绪的词, 如:like, care (=like), love, fear, hate, desire, mind, value, want, wish ;表示精神活动的动词, 如:agree, appreciate (=understand), believe, expect (=think), imagine, feel (=think), think, trust, forget, remember, know, mean, realize, recognize, doubt;感官动词,如: appear, l
13、ook, seem, see, notice, observe, sound, hear, taste;状态 动词,如: have, belong, owe, own, possess, exist, last, contain, weigh, deserve 等不能用 于现在完成进行时,但可用于现在完成时。如:They ve known each other since 9170. 自从 1970 年起他们就相互认识了。4) 现在完成时的句子中可以用像 never, yet, already 和 ever 这样的词,而现在完成进行 时的句子中不可以用这些词。如:I have already
14、been to London. 我已去过伦敦。5) 现在完成时表示的重复行动有时可以用现在完成进行时表示为连续的行动。如:Ive written six letters since breakfast. 早饭后我已经写了六封信。Ive been writing letters since breakfast. 早饭后我一直在写信。I have knocked five times. I don t think anybody is in. 我已敲了 5 次门。 我想屋里没人。I have been knocking, and I don t think anybody is in. 我一直在敲
15、门。我想屋里没人。6)在表达从过去开始现仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时, 某些动词因本身就有持续性, 故 用现在完成时与现在完成进行时(与for+时间段 ,或 since+时间点)均可,只是现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。 如:rain(下雨),snow(下雪),lie(躺),sit( 坐), stand(站),sleep(睡觉),live (居住),stay(待,逗留),learn/study(学习),teach (教书),work (工作),wait(等待),expect(期待, 盼望。 等),hope(希望),want (想要)等。如:How long have you learnt/ha
16、ve you been learning English? 你学习英语多长时间了?单项填空 : 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. I the American TV series Prison Break these days and I can finish watching within twodays.A. have watchedB. have been watching C. watchD. am watching2. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what in science and
17、 technology. (2007 天津卷)A. had discoveredB. had been discoveredC. has discoveredD. has been discovered3. I got caught in the rain on the way home and my new suit.( 改编自 2007 北京卷 )A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined4. I have got a headache. No wonder. Youin front of that comp
18、uter too long.(2007 江西卷 )A. workB. are workingC. have been working D. worked5. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what . (2007 四川卷 )A. have markedB. have been marked C. had markedD had been marked6. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007 福建卷 )A. work
19、sB. is workingC. has workedD. worked7. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she English for a year. (2007 湖南卷 )A. studiesB. studied C. is studying D. has been studying8. -If the traffic hadn t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.-What a pity
20、! Tina here to see you. (2005 湖南卷 )A. isB. wasC. would be D. has been9. Have you got any job offers? No. I . (2008 辽宁卷 )A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting10. I like these English songs and they many times on the radio. (2008 安徽卷 )A. taughtB. have taughtC. are taughtD. have be
21、en taught11. Do you think we should accept that offer?( 2008 江西卷) Yes, we should, for we such bad luck up till now, and time out.A. have had; is runningB. had; is runningC. have; has been runD. have had; has been run12. -I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-I think so. He for it fo
22、r months. ( 2008 江苏卷)A. is preparingB. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing13. Are you going to attend the concert tonight? Well, I d like to, but I the ticket.A. did n t getB. hadn t gotC. haven t gotD. can t get14. About 87.5% of the Chinese people feel that their living burde
23、ns are heavier than ten years ago, but their incomes .D. are increasingA. have increased B. increase C. increased15. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303? It should be 302. But I hear that it till tomorrow.A. was put offB. will put offC. has been put off D. put off16. How long has this bookshop be
24、en in business? 1982,A. After B. InC. From(NMET 1994 )D. Since17. -I am sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. was18. You don t need to describe her. I her several times.A. had metB. have metC. met19. - the sports meet might be put off.- Yes, i
25、t all depends on the weather.A. I ve been toldB. Ive toldC. Im told20. - my glasses?-Yes, I saw them a minute ago on your bed.A. Do you seeB. Had you seenC. Would you see(NMET 1994 )D. will be(NMET 1995 )D. meet(NMET 1995 )D. I told(NMET 1996 )D. Have you seen21. -Who is Jerry Cooper?-? I saw you sh
26、aking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET 1997)A. Don t you meet him yetB. Hadn t met him yet?C. Didn t you meet him yetD. Haven t you met him yet22. -I haven hteard from Henry for a long time.-What do you suppose to him?(1997 上海卷 )A. was happeningB. to happen23. -Oh, it s you! I you.-I ve just had
27、my hair cut and I m wearing new glasses.A. didn t recognize B. hadn t recognized24. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.-I am tired. I the living room all day.A. paintedB. had painted25. -Hey, look where you are going!-Oh, I m terribly sorry. .A. I m not noticing B. I wasn t noticingC. has happened D. had ha
28、ppenedC. havent recognizedC. have been paintingC. I haven t noticed(1997 上海卷 ) D. don t recognize(NMET 1998) D. have painted(NMET 1999)D. I don t notice(NMET 1999) D. was going down(NMET 2000) D. haven t felt(NMET 2000 春招 ) D. have been completed26. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so.
29、A. went downB. will go downC. has gone down27. -How are you today?-Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.A. didn t feelB. wasn t feelingC. dont feel28. All the preparations for the task , and we are ready to start.A. completedB. complete C. had been completed29. I wonder why Jenny to us recently.
30、 We should have heard from her by now. (NMET2002)A. hasn t writtenB. doesnt write.C. wont writeD. hadn t written30. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we each other a couple of times before that.( 2002 春招 )A. had been; have seenB. have been;
31、have seenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen31. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness .(NMET 2003)A. has grownB. is growing C. grew D. had grown32. Millions of poundsworth of damage by a storm which swept across the north ofEngland last night. (200
32、5 重庆卷 ) A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be causedD. will have been caused33. Customers are asked to make sure that they the right change before leaving the shop.(2006 重庆卷 )A. will giveB. have been given C. have givenD. will be given34. I in London for many years, but I ve never regrett
33、ed my final decision to move backto China. (2006 重庆卷 )A. livedB. was livingC. have lived D. had lived35. Although medical science control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us isthat some of them are returning.(2006 江苏卷 )A. achievedB. has achievedC. will achieve D. had achieved36. My cous
34、in went to Canada two years ago. He there for a few months and then wentto America.A. worked(2006 江西卷 )B. would workC. would be working D. has been working37. I won t tell the student the answer to the maths problem until he on it for more thanan hour. (2006 湖北卷 )A. has been workingB. will have work
35、edC. will have been working D. had worked38. It is said that the early European playing cards for entertainment and education.(2006 辽宁卷 )B. have designedD. were designedA. were being designedC. have been designed39. -Have you seen the movie “Speed”?-Yes, I it when I was at college.A. sawB. have seenC. would seeD. had seen40. My father too much recently. He should smoke less for the benefit of his health.A. was smokingB. would smokeC. has been smoking D. had smoked41. The old couple have been married for 40 y
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