统计学的重要性

1、统计学介绍统计学以概率论为基础的方法论学科，它在几乎所有的领域里面都具 有重要的应用，统计学知识理论就像我们日常使用的电脑一样必不可 少，是现代高级人才必备一种素质，在现代社会中没有统计学知识的 人就如同一“文盲”.统计学在人类活动当中举足轻重.统计学在工业、商业、贸易、物理 学、化学、经济学、数学、生物学、植物学、心理学、天文学等等方 面都扮演重要的角色，因此统计学的应用非常广泛，几乎涵盖每一个 领域，下面我们来具体看一下它能运用在哪些方面 .1.统计学将帮助您成为一位成功的商人.成功的商人必须能够快速 准确做出决策.如果你知道客户需要什么，那么你就知道该生产什 么，生产多少.统计学将能帮助

2、你制定生产计划，同时也能帮助你 有效地检验产品质量，它能让你在关于企业地理位置、产品营销、 金融资源等问题上做出正确的决定.1) Business:Statistics play an importa nt role in bus in ess. A successful bus in essma n must be very quick and accurate in decision making. He knows that what his customers wan ts, he should therefore, know what to produceand sell and i

3、n what qua ntities. Statistics helps bus in essma n to pla n product on accord ing to the taste of the costumers, the quality of the products can also be checked more efficiently by using statistical methods. So all the activities of the bus in essma nbased on statistical information. He can make co

4、rrect decision about the location of bus in ess, marketi ng of the products, finan cial resources etc2.如果你想在经济学方面有所发展，那万万是离不开统计学的.经济学在很大程度上依赖于统计学，国民收入帐户对于经济学家和管 理者来说是具有多重目的性的指标，统计学是建立这些帐户的基础.在经济学的研究中统计学方法被用来收集、分析数据，并作出检验 假设.统计学的方法可以用来研究供求关系，进出口，通货膨胀， 人均收入等等问题的研究都离不开统计学.(2) In Economics:Statistics pl

5、ay an important role in economics. Economics largely depe nds upon statistics. Nati onal in come acco unts are multipurpose in dicators for the econo mists and admi nistrators. Statistical methods are used for preparati on of these acco un ts. In econo mics research statistical methods are used for

6、collecting and analysis the data and testing hypothesis. The relati on ship betwee n supply and dema nds is studies by statistical methods, the imports and exports, the inflation rate, the per capita in come are the problems which require good kno wledge of statistics.3如果您想在数学领域有所发展，请务必学好统计学.统计学与数学

7、密不可分，他们的很多东西都是互通的.所以想要学好数学也得要 学好统计学.(3) In Mathematics:Statistical plays a central role in almost all natural and social sciences.The methods of n atural scie nces are most reliable but con clusi ons draw from them are only probable, becausethey are based on in complete evidenee. Statistical helps i

8、n describing these measurements more precisely. Statistics is branch of applied mathematics. The large nu mber of statistical methods like probability averages,dispersions, estimation etc is used in mathematics and different techniques of pure mathematics like integration, differentiation and algebr

9、a are used in statistics.4. 如果您将来想入银行业，那么你就离不开统计学.因为银行在很多的方面必须要用到统计学的方法.(4) In Banking:Statistics play an important role in banking. The banks make use of statistics for a number of purposes. The banks work on the principle that all the people who deposit their money with the banks do not withdraw i

10、t at the same time. The bank earns profits out of these deposits by lending to others on in terest. The ban kers use statistical approaches based on probability to estimate the numbers of depositors and their claims for a certa in day.5. 如果您将来想成为一名管理人才，那么缺乏统计学知识是简直是 不可想象的事情.许多的国家政策的制定都基于统计数据，统计数 据是被

11、广泛用于管理决策.(5) In State Management (Administration):Statistics is essential for a country. Different policies of the government are based on statistics. Statistical data are now widely used in taking all admi nistrative decisi ons. Suppose if the gover nment wants to revise the pay scales of employees

12、 in view of an in crease in the livi ng cost, statistical methods will be used to determ ine the rise in the cost of livi ng. Preparation of federal and provincial government budgets mainly depends upon statistics because it helps in estimating the expected expenditures and revenue from different so

13、urces. So statistics are the eyes of administration of the state.6. 统计学在会计和审计中运用相当广泛.想学会计与审计的同学统 计学知识是必不可少的.(6) In Accounting and Auditing:Accounting is impossible without exactness.But for decision making purpose, so much precisi on is not esse ntial the decisi on may be take n on the basis of appr

14、oximation, know as statistics. The correction of the values of current asserts is made on the basis of the purchasing power of money or the curre nt value of it.In auditing sampling techniques are commonly used. An auditor determ ines the sample size of the book to be audited on the basis of error.7

15、. 统计学在几乎所有的自然科学和社会科学中都不可或缺.统计方法被广泛用来分析实验结果，检验显著性，比如生物、物理、化学(7) In Natural and Social Sciences:Statistics plays a vital role in almost all the natural and social sciences. Statistical methods are commonly used for analyzing the experiments results, testing their significanee in Biology, Physics, Chem

16、istry,Mathematics, Meteorology, Research chambers of commerce,Sociology, Busin ess, Public Admi nistratio n,Communi cati on andIn formati on Tech no logy etc 8. 如果您有志成为天文学方面的人才，你得学好统计学才行.（8）In Astronomy:Astr onomy is one of the oldest branch of statistical study, it deals withthe measurementof dista

17、nee, sizes, massesand densities of heavenly bodies by means of observati ons. Duri ng these measureme nts errors are unavoidable so most probable measurements are founded by using statistical methods.Example: This distance of moon from the earth is measured. Since old days the astronomers have been

18、statistical methods like method of least squares for finding the moveme nts of stars.大学大多数学科将会涉及统计学（下面只是其中一些直接以统计为基础的学科，还有很多专业或学科也是跟统计学相关的）：Statistics is the mathematical science involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. A number of specialties have evolved to apply statistical

19、theory and methods to various disciplines. Certain topics have "statistical" in their name but relate to manipulations of probability distributions rather than to statistical an alysis.（精算）Actuarial scienceis the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk i

20、n thinsuranceand finance industries.* （生物统计学）Biostatisticsis a branch of （生物）biology that studies biological phe nomena and observati ons by means of statistical an alysis, and in cludes （医学统计）medical statistics« （商业分析）Businessanalytics is a rapidly develop ing bus in ess process that applies s

21、tatistical methods to data sets （often very large） to develop new in sights and un dersta nding of bus in ess performa nee & opport un ities« （化学统计学）Chemometricsis the scienee of relating measurements made on a chemical system or process to the state of the system via application of mathema

22、tical or statistical methods.« （人口统计学）Demography is the statistical study of all populations. It can be a very general scienee that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population, that is, one that changes over time or space.* （计量经济学） Econometrics is a branch of economics that applies statist

23、ical methods to the empirical study of economic theories and relati on ships.* （环境统计学） Environmental statistics is the application of statistical methods to environmentai scienee Weather, climate, air and water quality are in cluded, as are studies of pla nt and ani mal populatio ns.* （流行病学）Epidemio

24、logy is the study of factors affecting the health andill ness of populatio ns, and serves as the foun dati on and logic of in terve nti ons made in the in terest of public health and preve ntive medici ne.« （统计地质学） Geostatisticsis a branch of geography that deals with the an alysis of data from

25、 discipli nes such as petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, ocea no graphy geochemistry, geography.* （运 筹学）Operations research （or Operational Research） is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeli ng, stati

26、stics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or n ear optimal soluti ons to complex problems.* （种群生态学） Population ecologyis a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dyn amics of species populati ons and how these populati ons in teract with the en vir onment* （心理测验学） Psychometricsis the theory and t

27、ech nique of educati onal and psychological measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, andpers on ality traits.* （质量控制）Quality control reviews the factors involved in manufacturing and production; it can make use olstatistical sampling of product items to aid decisions in process controlor in a

28、ccepting deliveries.« （数理心理学） Quantitative psychology is the scienee of statistically expla ining and cha nging men tal processes and behaviors in huma ns.« （可靠性工程学）Reliability Engineering is the study of the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated c

29、on diti ons for a specified period of time« （统计金融）Statistical finance, an area of econophysics is an empirical attempt to shift finance from its normative roots to a positivist framework using exemplars from statistical physics with an emphasis on emerge nt or collective properties of finan cia

30、l markets.* （统计力学） Statistical mechanicsis the applicati on of probability theory, which in cludes mathematical tools for deali ng with large populati ons, to the field of mechanics which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects whe n subjected to a force.* （统计物理学） Statistical physics is

31、 one of the fun dame ntal theories of physics and uses methods of probability theory in solving physical problems.« （统计热力学） Statistical thermodynamicss the study of the microscopic behaviors of thermod yn amic systemsus ing probability theory and provides a molecular level interpretation of the

32、rmodynamic quantities such as work, heat free energy and entropy.美国大学统计专业排名1 Stanford University 斯坦福大学2 Uni versity of California Berkeley加州大学伯克利分校3 Harvard University 哈佛大学3 University of Washington 华盛顿大学5 Johns Hopkins University约翰霍普金斯大学6 The University of Chicago 芝加哥大学9 Carnegie Mellon University 卡内基美隆大学10 Duke University 杜克大学12 North Carolina State University 北卡罗来纳州立大学12 Texas A&M University 德州 A&M 大学12 University of Michigan Ann Arbor密西根大学-安娜堡分校12 University