初三英语第8单元学习笔记

1、初三英语第8单元学习笔记一.知识点：短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种：L动词+副词 如:give up放弃turn off关掉stay up熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动 词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放 在短语动词后。2 .动词+介词如：listen of听look at看belong to属于这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。3 .动词+副词+介词 如：come up with提出，想出run out of用完，耗尽4 .动词+名词（介词）如：take part in参加catch hold of抓住1 .cheer （sb

2、.） up使（某人）高兴、振作 如：cheer me up使我高兴clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫2 .homeless adj.无家可归的a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n.家4. sick adj.生病的作表语、定语ill adj.生病的 作表语，不能作定语5. volunteer to do v.志愿效劳、主动贡献volunteer n.志愿者6. come up with 提出 想出=think up 想出catch up with 赶上 追上7. put off doing推迟做某事put on穿上(指过程)put up张贴8. writ

3、e down写下 记下9. call up打电话make a telephone call 打电话10. set up成立建立The new hospital was set up in 2000.这座医院是在 2000 年成立的。11. each每个各自的强调第一个人或事物的个别情况常与。f连用every每个每一个的一切的则有“全体”的意思不能与of连用12. put to use把 投入使用,利用They put the new machine to use.他们把新机器投入使用13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) studyhelp sb.

4、 with sth.帮助某人做某事 help him with Englishhelp do 帮助做某事 help study14. plan to do计划做某事plan +从句I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.我计划去北京。15. spend doing 花费做 I spent a day visiting Beijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spend on sth. 花费.在 I spent 3 years on English.16. not only but (also) 不但 而且用

5、来连接两个并列的成分(1)引导以not onlybut (also) 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。因此(l)Not only do I feel good but (also)*.是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：CONot only can I do it but (also) I can do best.我不仅能做到而且做得最好。(2)Not only-but (also)-接两主语时，谓语动词随后而的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就 近原则如：Not only Lily but (also) you like cat.不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。Not

6、only you but (also) Lily likes cat.不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。常见的就近原则的结构有：Neithernor即不也不(两者都不)Neither you nor I like him.我和你都不喜欢他。Eitheror 不是就是(两者中的一ybjEither Lily or you are a student.(3)Not only but (also)There be17. join参加(指参加团体、组织)如:join the Party入党take part in参加(指参加活动)如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会18. run

7、 out 与 run out ofrun out (become used up).其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本 身就含有被动意义。His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花光了 ,My patience has completely run out,我没有一点耐心了 。Our time is running out.我们剩卜的时间不多了。run out of主语为人，表示主动含义。He is always running out of money before pay day.他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱 花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换如：The p

8、etrol is running out.汽油快用完了=We are running out of petrol.我们快把汽油用完了。Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了, = We are running out of time19. take after (在外貌、性格等方而)与(父母等)相像be similar to 与.相像take after 相像look after 照顾take care of 照顾20. work out v. + adj.结局，结果为The strategies that he came up with worked out f

9、ine,他提出的这个策略效果很好算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）He never seems to be worked out,他好像永远不会疲乏似的。He worked out a plan.他制订了一个计划。I have worked out our total expenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用。21. hang out闲荡闲逛I like to hang out at mall with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。22. be able to do 能会be unable to do不能 不会23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某

10、事 如：thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我24. for sure确实如此，亳无疑问You don t have money. That s for sure.你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的25. fill* with使充满 用填充She filled the bowl with water.她用水填满碗。26. like prep.像27. help sb. out帮助做事,解决难题（摆脱困境）I cant work out this math problem. Please help me out.我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。28. train n.火车tr

11、ain v.训练train sb. to do.训练某人做某事She trains her dog to fetch things,她训练她的狗去取东西。29. at once = right away 立亥lj 马上 如：Do it at once.马上去做,r II go there at once/ right away.我马上去那里。30. one day有一天（指将来/过去）some day有一天（指将来）如:One day I went to Beijing.有一天我去了 北京。Some day I II go to Beijing.有一天我将去北京31. specially ad

12、v.特意地专门地特别地 special adj.特别的32. donation n.捐赠物 donate v.捐赠 赠送33. part of speech 词性 词类34. disabled adj.肢体有残疾的disable v.不能35. hand out 分发 hand out bananasgive out 分发 give out sth to sb.分,给某人give up doing 放弃 give up smoking 放弃吸烟give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to .give away money to kidsgive sb. sth.给某人某东

13、西give me money给我钱give sth. to sb.给某人某东西give money to me给我线36. volunteer可数名词“志愿者”adj.自愿的vi. volunteer to do sthThey are the Chinese People s Volunteers.他们是中国人民志愿军。I volunteer to help you.我自愿帮助你。37. no longer = not any longer 指时间上不再延续。no more = not any more 指动作上不再延续。三.句子1. We can* t put off making a p

14、lan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。2. She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school.她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用3. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I l

15、ove to do.帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。4. The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计戈U 在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目a5 .He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。6 .The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.几米想出的这个办法很效。7. He did a radio inte

16、rview.他接受了 电台的采访。8. We need to come up with a plan.我们需要指定一个计划9. You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市.公园。10. He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children whodon t have bikes.他现在有16辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些 没有自行车的孩子。二.短语1 .clean up 清扫2 .give out分发，发放3 .cheer up=makehappier

17、使.高兴，使振作4 .after school study program 课外学习班5 .come up with=think up 提出，想出6 .put off 推迟7 .write down写下，记下8 .put up 张贴9 .hand out分发，发放10 .call up打电话11 .ser up=establish 建立12 .be home to sb是某人的家园13 .volunteer one s time to do sth 自愿花时间干.14 .putto use把投入使用15 .elementary school 小学16 .plan to do sth计划干打算干17 .coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队18 .start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部19 .run out of用完,耗尽20 .take after在性格或长相方面与父母相象21 .fix up 修理22 .give away 捐赠23 .be similar to 与相似24 .ask for 索要25 .a call-in center for parents 家长热线26 .hangout闲荡27 .put up signs asking for