名词性从句之宾语从句及表语从句

1、1Noun Clauses名词性从句名词性从句2Learning aims:1.Know something about noun clauses.2.Know how to use the object and the predicative.3在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由语、表语和同位语，由一个句子一个句子来充当来充当,这个句子就这个句子就叫名词性从句。叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 ( The

2、 Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)4Conjunctions of Noun ClausesConjunctions of Noun Clauses( (引导名词性从句引导名词性从句的关联词的关联词): :从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+everthat, whether, ifwhen, where, how, wh

3、y5Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句61. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）做宾语的句子叫做宾语从句做宾语的句子叫做宾语从句，跟在，跟在及物动词及物动词或或介词介词以及以及形容人的感觉的形容词形容人的感觉的形容词后后句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 + +连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+ + 宾语从句。宾语从句。语序：陈述语序语序：陈述语序7The object clauses found in

4、 the text1.Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.2.I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you would mind us asking a few questions.3.May we ask what you are doing in this country and what your plans are?4.Well, I cant say that I have any plans.5.His eyes stare at

5、 what is left of the brothers dinner on the table.6.I didnt know whether I could survive until morning.7.I am afraid (that )I dont quite follow you, sir.88. Tell us, Mr. Adams, what sort of work did you do in American?9. If you dont mind, may I ask you how much money you have?10. If this is your ide

6、a of some kind of joke, I dont think (that) its very funny.11. Now if youll excuse me, I think (that) Ill be on my way.12. You mustnt think (that) we dont care about you.13. We know (that) you are hard-working.14. Why dont you explain what this is all about?9一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词） 1. that1) 当宾语从句当宾语从句由由

7、连词连词that引导引导，由于，由于that在从在从句中句中不作任何成分不作任何成分，也，也没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思，因，因此在口语或非正式文体中此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。常省略。vLin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. vI see (that) its two oclock.vDo you think (that) its genuine?102) 宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不不能省略：能省略：（1）当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句）当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语

8、从句时，此时第一个时，此时第一个that 可以省略，可以省略，第二个或第二个第二个或第二个以后的以后的that不可以省略。不可以省略。（2）当）当that在从句作在从句作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做做形式宾语形式宾语 that 引导引导的宾语从句中的宾语从句中that 不能省。不能省。l I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve. l The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.l

9、 I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.113) 在主句为系动词在主句为系动词be加某些形容词（如加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略省略that的从句也可算是的从句也可算是宾语从句。宾语从句。vIm sorry (that) I dont know .vWere sure (that) our team will win .vIm afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .12当宾语当宾语从句是由一般疑问句

10、变来从句是由一般疑问句变来时，由连时，由连词词whether或或if引导，引导， “是否是否”，不能省，不能省略。略。(1).Lily wanted to know her grandma liked the handbag .(2). Lets see we can find out some information about that city .(3).She asked me she could borrow these books .2. Whether / ifif /whetherif /whetherif /whether131).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可

11、以引导宾语从句 但是：但是： a).当有当有or not时就用时就用whether,不用不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay. b).介词后面的宾语从句不能用介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别:14Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _

12、he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well. if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhether153. 当宾语从句是由当宾语从句是由疑问词疑问词（what, who, whom, which, whose when, where, how, why等等）引导，）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以一定的意义，所以不可以省略。不可以省略。vDo you know - he said just now ?v I dont remember- we a

13、rrived .v I asked him - I could get so much money .v Please tell me- we will see .v Do you know time the plane leaves ?whatwhenhow/when/why/wherewho whomwhatwhen161. We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.2. He has made it clear that he will not give in.注意注意1： it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词th

14、ink, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为等后作为形式宾语形式宾语, 真真正的宾语正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾从句则放在句尾.*_(我们觉得很奇我们觉得很奇怪怪)she didnt go to school today.We think it strange that17注意注意2：在在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则将后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则将主句谓语动词主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式。等变为否定形式。 I dont think y

15、ou are right I think you are not right. 注意注意3：在在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及等动词以及 Im afraid 等后，可用等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，或用代替一个肯定的宾语从句，或用not代替一个否定代替一个否定的宾语从句。的宾语从句。 一一Do you believe it will rain? 一一I believe so. I dont believe so. (或或I believe not.)（正确）（正确）18二、时态二、时态1. 1. 如果如果主句是现在的时态主句是

16、现在的时态 （包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根从句的时态可根 据据实际情况而定实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。一般将来时，现在完成时等）。vI know he - here .(live)vI know he-here ten years ago .(live) vI have heard that he -tomorrow .(come)liveslivedwill come192.如果主句是过去的时态如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），（

17、包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）过去完成时）I knew who - here.(live) I saw she - her mother. (talk)He asked whether his father _ tomorrow. (come back)He said that he _ it .(see)livedwas talking withhad seenwould come back3.当从句是客观真

18、理，定义，公理，定理时当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用用一般现在时一般现在时。202122Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句23 表语从句表语从句Predictive Clause1.That 引导的表语从句2.Wh-引导的表语从句3.Whether 引导的表语从句3.Because 引导的表语从句24从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+everthat, whether, as if/as thoughwhen, where

19、, how, why.because表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在放在系动词系动词之后之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem表语从句表语从句25* The question is we can rely on him.* Thats we were in need of money at that time .* Thats weve given you the letter.* Thats I was late .

20、* The fact is I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand.* He looked he was going to cry .whetherbecauseas ifwhythatwhy261. that 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接词连接词that 仅起连接作用，无意义，不作任何成分，仅起连接作用，无意义，不作任何成分，通常不可省略。通常不可省略。对主句主语的内容进一步解释。对主句主语的内容进一步解释。The fact is that we have lost the game.The problem is that we

21、 dont have money.27 Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is who should come first. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties. 2. what, which, who, whom, whose，where, when, why, how引导的表语从引导的表语从句。句。（表语）（表语）（主语）（

22、主语）（地点状语）（地点状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（方式状语）（方式状语）283. whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 whether起连接作用，起连接作用， 意为意为“是否、究竟、是否、究竟、到底到底”，在句中也不作任何成分。，在句中也不作任何成分。（注意：（注意：if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句) The question is whether the man will turn up in time.29 4.表示原因表示原因的几种表语从句：的几种表语从句：1) The reason is that you havent written to me for a long

23、 time.2) The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.3) I was late. That was because I missed the train.4) I missed the train , this was why I was late. because + 原因原因That/This/It is /was why +结果结果定语从句定语从句30注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”

24、不能省。不能省。3. It /This/That is /was because .+原因原因 It/This/That is /was why.+结果结果 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .311. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go