非谓语知识点

1、非谓语知识点谓语、独立主格非谓语I came here at six.简单句I came here at six to meet him.不定式作非谓语I came here at six, carry ing my no tebook.动名词作非谓语I came here at six, worried.分词作非谓语非谓语的三种形式不定式 to doTo be or not to be, that is a questi on.动名词 doingSeeing is believ ing.分词 doing/done （现在分词或过去分词）（We were ） Born to wi n.Dili

2、ge nee is the path lead ing to happ in ess.不定式1）不定式在句中的作用Not to advanee is to go back.主语表语He promised not to tell anyone about it.宾语My dream to become a star never came true.定语En glish is difficult to learn.补语She came at last, only to find there is nothing to eat.状语I don ' t knowhat to do.宾语To t

3、ell you the truth, I don ' t quite like the movie.状语2）不定式的时态与语态四种形式主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have bee n done进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have bee n doing/3）不定式5大易犯错误 .That ' snormal to make mistakes. wrong 把that改成itIt's no rmal to make mistakes.形式主语主语It + to do sth.（形式主语）It '

4、 s always easy to say but hard to do.I find it _hard to hate him.形式宾语宾语 I don ' t know if to help him or not. WrongI don 'tknow whether to help him or not.表示是否时，只能用whether,不用ifv.+ （what/who/which/how/whe n/where/whether） + to do .I appreciate you to help me so much. Wrongappreciate 后不能加不定式应改

5、成：I appreciate your help ing.I appreciate your help.这些动词后只能加不定式afford, aim, appear, bother, care, happe n, force, permit, en able,long desire, determ ine, expect, hope, promise,fail, hesitate, prepare, pretend, refuse, endeavor,seem, tend, ought, I n eed some paper to write. Wrongto write 作定语修饰 pape

6、r,把 paper 带进去 write on the paperI n eed some paper to write on.I have a letter to write.I n eed some paper to write on.I need a pen to write with. To save mon ey, every means has bee n tried. Wrongsave money 的逻辑主语是人，而句子的主语是every means逻辑不一致应改成： To save money, he has tried every means.To lear n En gli

7、sh well, （字典必不可缺。）he should have a dicti onary he n eeds a dicti onary 不能写成 a dictionary is necessary4.不定式to省略的2种情况 感官动词之后see, watch, observe, no tice, hear, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；I saw him work in the garde n yesterday.看他工作劳动的整个过程+ doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him worki ng in the garde n yesterday.看他工作这件事

8、，看到的是片段，不是全过程注：感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 使役动词 have/bid/make/let 等词后I ' d like to have Leon do it.注：感官动词和使役动词变被动，需要还原toA man was seen to enter the shop.被动的时候一定要把省略的to加上真题链接（题号为在真题中的顺序）68. Mrs. Brow n is supposedfor Italy last week.（1990-1）A) to have leftB) to be l

9、eav ingC) to leaveD) to have bee n left61. Mr. Joh nson preferredheavier work to do.(1993-6)A) to be give nB) to be givingC) to have give nD) hav ing give n47. There is more land in Australia tha n the gover nment knows.(1989-1)A) what to do withB) how to doC) to do with itD) to do it87. Charity gro

10、ups orga ni zed various activities(为地震幸存者筹款)。(2011-12)to raise money for the survivors of the earthquake87.为了确保他参加会议 ),I called him up inadva nee. (2010-12)(In order) To en sure him to atte nd the meeti ngTo en sure his atte ndance at the meet ing动名词1.动名词在句中的作用Collecting stamps is my hobby.主语I dream

11、 about being with you forever.宾语My job is protecting you.表语2只能加动名词的情况这些动词后admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, ban,con sider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy,en dure, escape, excuse, fini sh, forbid, forgive, imagi ne, keep, men ti on, mind, miss, pard on,permit, practise, prevent, prohibit, risk这

12、些动词短语后 can ' t help, feel like, put off, give up, keep onobject to, pay attention to, stick to, get down to 开始认真做,be get used to习惯于，lead to 导致，be devoted to 致力于，专用于，take to 开始喜欢做 be opposed to,这里的to都是介词，因此后面加动名词这些表达后it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any use; it s worthwhile; spend mone

13、y/time;there ' s no point inf某事没有意义)； there's no thi ng worse tha n 3.动名词的时态语态一般形式：I like watchi ng TV.doi ng完成形式：I regret not hav ing take n your advice.被动形式： This questio n is far from being settled.hav ing done being done真题链接89. We look forward to (被邀请出席开幕式).(2010-06)being invited to atte

14、nd the opening ceremony48. The match was can celled because most of the members match without a stan dard court.(1991-6)A) objected to hav ingB) were objected to haveC) objected to haveD) were objected to hav ing68. She was so angry that she felt like (1992-6).someth ing at him.A). to throwC) to hav

15、e throw nD) hav ing throw n51. I appreciate A) to be in vitedto your home. (1991-6)B) to have in vitedC) hav ing in vitedD) being in vited69. Our modern civilization must not be thought of asin ashort period of time. (cet4)A) being createdB) to have bee n createdC) ) hav ing bee n createdD) to be cr

16、eated补充1:动名词与不定式都可以作主语、宾语、表语，它们有什么区别？Swimmi ng is my favorite sport.To swim wit h Jane is what I ' m going to do this after noon.动名词：泛指的、经常性的不定式：具体的、一次性的、将来的补充2：这些动词后即可加不定式，也可加动名词，有什么区别 .dema nd, deserve, n eed, require, want表需要的动词v. + doing / to be done意思一致，无区另 SMy car n eeds repairi ng.= My ca

17、r n eeds to be repaired.48. Your hair wants . You' dbetter have it done tomorrow.(1997-6)A) cutB) to cutC) cutti ngD) being cut也可以说to be cut .remember, forget, regret,v. +不定式，表示 记得/忘记/后悔/ 要去做某事v. +动名词，表示记得/忘记/后悔 做过某事64. Joh n regrettedtothe meet ing last week. (1990-1)A) not goingB) not to goC)

18、not hav ing bee n goingD) not to be going43. I ' II never forgetyou for the first time.(2001-1)A) to meetB) meeti ngC) to have metD) hav ing to be meet ingDon' t forget to walk the dog while I am away, (1993-1) .stop, continue, go onv+不定式，表示停下/继续去做另一事v+动名词，表示停下/继续正在做的事（2005-1）Tony should con

19、 ti nue tak ing the course.现在上课，继续上课They will continue to exist along with on-line education.以前不存在，现在有了，并且将继续存在 .trytry +不定式，表示作了一番努力，试图完成某事try +动名词，表示做某事试试（看有什么效果）。I ' ll try to come tomorrow.我明天设法来。Let ' s try knocking at the back door.咱们敲敲后门试试。 .meanmean + 不定式，表示打算（想要）做某事mean + 动名词，表示意味着H

20、e did not mean to hurt you.他不是有意要伤害你。This ill ness will mea n going to hospital.得了这种病就意味着要住院。分词现在分词doing :表示主动的，正在进行的动作 过去分词done :表示被动的，已完成的动作分词在句中的作用a fallen leafa falling leaf作定语修饰leaf,看动作进行中还是已完成决定There is no thi ng left_There is no thi ng interestingShe looked tired with cook ing.You are amazing

21、.作表语，看分词与主语的主被动关系决定Having already bee n told many times, he fin ally cha nge the bad habit.Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.作状语，看分词与主句主语的主被动关系作插入语Gen erally speak ing,talki ng ofjudgi ng from 真题链接in this way, the situationdoesn ' Seem so disap poi nting. (2000-01)A) To look a

22、tB) Look ing atC) Looked atD) To be looked at47. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesnot seem high at all. (1990-1)A) Whe n comparedB) CompareC) While compari ngD) Compari ng46. in a recent scienee competition,the three students wereawarded scholarships totali ng $21,000.(2001-1)A) Judged the bestB) Judg ing the bestC) To be judged the bestD) Having judged the best独立主格He went off, holding