Book2Unit1Grammar限制性和非限制性定语从句

1、Book 2 Unit 1 Grammar限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句who, that who, that which, that which, that who, whom,who, whom,that,that,which, that, which, that, whosewhosewhenwhen= = 介词介词+which+whichwherewherewhywhy= for which= for which1)找出找出_2)找出找出_3)判断判断_在从句中充当什么成分在从句中充当什么成分4)选取合适的选取合适的_ 如何选取合适的关系词：如何选取合适的关系词：先行词先行词定语从句

2、定语从句先行词先行词关系词关系词多用多用that不用不用which作关系词的情况：作关系词的情况：1. 先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。等不定代词时。2. 先行词被先行词被all, every, each, any, some, little, few, no, much等修饰时。等修饰时。3. 先行词有先行词有形容词最高级形容词最高级和和序数词序数词修饰时。修饰时。4. 先行词既先行词既包括人又包括物包括人又包括物时。时。5. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very(正是正是), th

3、e same, the last修饰时。修饰时。6. 若主句是若主句是以特殊疑问词以特殊疑问词which或或who开头开头 的特殊疑问句的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只用，为避免重复，只用that。注意点注意点1：1. 如果先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的如果先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的 词，并在定语从句中词，并在定语从句中作状语时作状语时， 就就用用when, where, why引导引导定语从句；定语从句； 2. 如果先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的如果先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的 词，并在定语从句中词，并在定语从句中作主语或宾语时作主语或宾语时， 就就用用which或或that引导引导定语从

4、句。定语从句。注意点注意点2：介词前置介词前置, 先行词指先行词指人人时用时用_作关系词；作关系词； 先行词指先行词指物物/ /时时/ /地地/ /原原时用时用_作关系词。作关系词。whomwhich注意点注意点3: :在在“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构中，介词的选择，结构中，介词的选择，一般取决于：一般取决于： (1) _的习惯搭配；的习惯搭配； (2) _的习惯搭配的习惯搭配先行词先行词从句谓语从句谓语注意点注意点4：wayway在从句中作在从句中作方式状语方式状语时时, 关系词用：关系词用： 1. in which1. in which 2. that 2. that 3. 3. 不

5、用关系词不用关系词wayway在从句中作在从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语时时, 关系词用：关系词用：which/thatwhich/that。复习巩固复习巩固: 用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。1. The coat _ I put on the desk is blue.2. October 1st is the date _ China celebrates its National Day.3. This is the person _ you are looking for.4. Mary has read all the books _ she borrowed from th

6、e school library.5. Kitty couldnt accept the reason _ John gave.which/that()when/on which()()whom/who/that()()thatwhich/that6. The girl _ often helps me with my English is from England.7. Nobody knows the reason _ he is often late for school.8. Do you know the woman to _ our teacher is talking?9. Th

7、e hotel _ we stayed stands by the seaside(海边海边).10. The boy _ hat is black plays Chinese chess well.()who/that()why/for which()whom()where/in which()whosewho, that who, that which, that which, that who, whom,who, whom,thatthatwhich, thatwhich, thatwhosewhosewhenwhen= = 介词介词+which+whichwherewherewhyw

8、hy = for which= for which1. My younger brother who is 18 years old is a college student. 2. My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student.归纳一：归纳一：1. 限制性定语从句翻译为先行词的限制性定语从句翻译为先行词的_， 对先行词起着对先行词起着_作用，与主句的作用，与主句的 关系十分关系十分_, 不用逗号分开从句和先行词。不用逗号分开从句和先行词。2. 非限制性定语从句翻译为非限制性定语从句翻译为_， 对先行词起着对先行词起

9、着_作用作用, 与主句的关系与主句的关系 比较比较_, 有用逗号分开从句和先行词有用逗号分开从句和先行词/主句。主句。我十八岁的弟弟是一个大学生。我十八岁的弟弟是一个大学生。我弟弟是个大学生，他现在十八岁。我弟弟是个大学生，他现在十八岁。（限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）修饰和限制修饰和限制补充说明补充说明密切密切松散松散定语定语另一并列分句另一并列分句（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）(1) She has two sons who are soldiers. (2) She has two sons, who are soldiers. (3) The book which he

10、lost yesterday has been found. (4) The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. ()她有两个她有两个当兵的当兵的儿子。儿子。（限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）()她有两个儿子，她有两个儿子，都是当兵的都是当兵的。（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）()他已经找到他已经找到昨天丢的昨天丢的那本书了。那本书了。（限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）()（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）他昨天丢了那本书他昨天丢了那本书，已经找到了。，已经找到了。who, that who, that which,

11、that which, that who, whom,who, whom,that, that, which, that, which, that, whosewhosewhenwhen= = 介词介词+which+whichwherewherewhywhy= for which= for which3) Mr. Wang who/that is my former teacher retired last year. Mr. Wang, who is my former teacher, retired last year. 4) The house which/that has a swi

12、mming pool is very expensive. The house, which has a swimming pool, is very expensive. 5) Students admire (钦佩钦佩) the professor a lot (whom/who/that) you are talking about. Students admire(钦佩钦佩) the professor a lot, whom you are talking about. 6) This novel (which/that) I have read three times is ver

13、y touching. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 1.1.非限制性定语从句不用非限制性定语从句不用_作关系词。作关系词。that5) Students admire (钦佩钦佩) the professor a lot (whom/who/that) you are talking about. Students admire(钦佩钦佩) the professor a lot, whom you are talking about. 2.2.非限制性定语从句的关系词指人并作宾语非限制性定语从句的关

14、系词指人并作宾语 时，只能用时，只能用_作关系词。作关系词。whom()()5) Students admire (钦佩钦佩) the professor a lot (whom/who/that) you are talking about. Students admire(钦佩钦佩) the professor a lot, whom you are talking about. 6) This novel (which/that) I have read three times is very touching. This novel, which I have read three t

15、imes, is very touching. 3.3.限制性定语从句的先行词作宾语时，限制性定语从句的先行词作宾语时， 关系词关系词_； 非限制性定语从句的先行词作宾语时，非限制性定语从句的先行词作宾语时， 关系词关系词_。 可以省略可以省略不可以省略不可以省略7) This is the reason why /for which he didnt come to the meeting. This is the reason, for which he didnt come to the meeting. 4.4.非限制性定语从句的先行词作原因状语非限制性定语从句的先行词作原因状语 时，

16、只能用时，只能用_引导从句。引导从句。for whichwho who which which whomwhomwhichwhichwhosewhosewhenwhen= = 介词介词+which+whichwherewherefor whichfor whichwho, that who, that which, that which, that who, whom,who, whom,that, that, which, that, which, that, whosewhosewhenwhen= = 介词介词+which+whichwherewherewhywhy= for which=

17、 for whichwho who which which whomwhomwhichwhichwhosewhosewhenwhen= = 介词介词+which+whichwherewherefor whichfor which8) The old man has a son who/that is in the army.9) She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into mouth.10) Her sister has become a lawyer, which surprises everyone.归纳三：归纳三：1.

18、1.限制性定语从句的关系词只指代限制性定语从句的关系词只指代_。2.2.非限制性定语从句关系词既可指代非限制性定语从句关系词既可指代 _ _，也可指代，也可指代 _ _。()()()先行词先行词先行词先行词整个主句整个主句练一练：练一练：(1) This letter is from her parents, _ are working in Tibet.(2) His mother, _ he loved very much, died in 2011.(3) Football, _ is a very interesting game, is played all over the wor

19、ld.(4) Mr. King, _ legs were badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.(5) The Chinese will never forget October 1st, 1949, _ the PRC was founded.()who()whom()which()whose() when/on which(6) Last Sunday they reached Hangzhou, _ a meeting was held.(8) Last Sunday they reached Hangzhou, _ is famous for

20、 the West Lake.(7) Do you know the reason, _ Ben was absent from work yesterday?(9) We interviewed that famous singer, about _ we had heard many stories.(10) An eight-year-old boy can speak seven foreign languages, _ surprises all the people present.()where/in which()which()for which()whom()whichas和

21、和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1) As we all know, we cant live without air. We cant live without air, as/which we all know.2) He came late again and again, which made his boss angry.3) There is a great deal of air around us, without which we could not live.()()()()句中句中 句首句首/ /句中句中这这正如正如, ,像像归纳四：归

22、纳四：2. as和和which的用法区别：的用法区别：4)I have never heard such stories as he tells.()归纳四：归纳四：1. as 的常用搭配：的常用搭配：such as 像，例如，譬如像，例如，譬如the same as 跟跟一样一样as is expected 正如所料正如所料as often happen 像往常一样像往常一样as is reported 如报道所说如报道所说as is often the case 这是常有的事这是常有的事as is said above 正如上面所说正如上面所说as is well known/as we

23、all know 众所周知众所周知练一练：单句改错。练一练：单句改错。(1) She has married again, as delighted us.(2) She is the same age which you are.(3) Which you know, he is from Beijing.(4) He loved his parents deeply, both of as are very kind to him.(5) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of as have gone bad.whichasA

24、swhomwhich四、综合练习四、综合练习:(1)He is the only one of the students _ has won a scholarship three years.(2)The sun heats the earth, _ makes it possible for plants to grow.(3)Helen studies in No.1 Middle School, _ her father works as a history teacher.(4)I make a new pen friend, _I like very much.(5)He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.thatwhichwhere/in whichwhomas(6) I dont like cars _ owners park too close.(7) The doctor was very impolite to the patient, _ made things even worse.(8) The reason, _ she was so angry yesterday