高考英语动词及短语辨义练习

1、文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！ 高考英语动词及短语辨义练习23 / 23动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不

2、同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。动词1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中 文原 形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说 明放laylaidlaidlayi

3、ng及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；lo

4、ok一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born短语后没有by介词短语

5、时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或

6、瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中

7、却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动

8、词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。16、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用

9、物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.。18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing。19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He wa

10、s dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day。20、begin与start begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。21、allow 与permit allow与permit其后直接接

11、动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.22、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 与tell英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用

12、作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said 。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks

13、 well of his son.。24、excuse me 与sorryexcuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、care for 与care to docare for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), b

14、ath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；re

15、member记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with 29、动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop

16、 in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in 动词短语总结及运用举例agree on 商定，决定，达成共识The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month and a new company has been started. SIL22)agree to do sth. 同意做某事 Do they agree to sow wheat close together ? ( SIL 95 ) add . to . 把加到上Chaplins ea

17、rliest films were silent , because the equipment for adding sound to films had not yet been developed. ( SIL 18 )ask . for 询问、向要 Now ask your partner for the answers . ( SIL 9)be about to do sth. 即将做This afternoon I was just about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me, "

18、;Stop ! Dont swim ! " ( SIL 14 )be anxious about 为而忧虑 Weve been anxious about you . ( SIIL 41 )be busy with 忙于 He is always busy with his farm work . ( SIL93 )be fit for 适合于 If we go on polluting the world , it wont be fit for us to live in . ( SIIL 33 )be fond of 爱好、喜爱 The Irish are very fond

19、of music and poems . ( SIL 87 )be made from 由制造The powder is made from fish , blood and bones . ( SIL 17 )be made up of 由组成The UK is made up of four countries . ( SIL 86)be familiar with 对熟悉 Oh , at the end some songs that everyones familiar with , then they can join in . ( SIIL 81 )be famous for 因著

20、名Plants grow well all the year round and the parks and gardens are famous for their flowers . ( SIIL 26 ) be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎It is popular with students of English , who read it in order to improve their English. ( SIIL 15 )be rich in 在充足（充裕）It is rich in fibre and low in sugar and fat . ( SIL

21、 58 )be tired of 厌烦做某事I really enjoy it , but Im tired of so much reading . ( SIL 53 )be uncertain about 对不确定The development of films with sound became a problem for Chaplin , as he was uncertain about making films with dialogue. ( SIIL 18 )be used to 习惯于When smokers who are used to nicotine go with

22、out it for an hour or two , they begin to feel bad. ( SIIL 7 )beat . to death 打死 Ill never forget the time when my father was beaten to death . ( SIL 51 )beg ones pardon 请原谅Beg your pardon . ( SIIL 63 )begin . with 从开始Begin each sentence with the words in bold . ( SIL 23 )break away from 脱离Lincoln s

23、aid that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union . ( SIL 50 ) break out 突然发生、爆发Fighting broke out between the two . ( SIL 50 )break the rule 违反规定Everyone obeys the rules ; anyone who breaks the rules is punished . ( SIL 18 )bring down . 降低Can you try to get them to bring down the

24、 price ? ( SIL 33 ) 使倒下Electricity lines as well as telephone poles were brought down by falling trees or branches . bring in 引进、引来、吸收They started to use English , but they also brought in some words from their own languages.bring on 使前进then it is brought on along a very small railway line to your s

25、eat in front of your television so that you dont even have to stand up when you get what you need. ( SIIL 3 )bring up 教育、培养 Chaplin was brought up by his mother who learnt to dance at an early age . ( SIIL 20 ) belong to 属于 The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the buil

26、ding. ( SIL 62 )blow away 刮走、吹走 Strong winds can also blow away the valuable soil that lies on the top of the fields. ( SIIL 34 )blow over （风）吹翻 、刮翻Three famous parks in and around London had over 1400 trees blown over. (SIIL43 )blow down （风）吹倒 Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high w

27、inds , blocking roads , paths and railway lines. ( SIIL 42 )burn down 把烧成平地、烧光 The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down. ( SIIL 6 ) burn . to the ground 把烧平In the country the revolutionaries set fire to the nobles castles and burnt them to the ground . ( SIIL87 )cut off 切断 The

28、 electricity was cut off for several days too . ( SIL 26 )call at ( a place ) 访问（某地） He called at the hospital after work to find out whether Mr King was better. ( SIL74 ) call back 回电话 Can you ask him to call me back ? ( SIL 101 )call for 要求、号召、约请 People are calling for freedom of all slaves . ( SI

29、L 52 )call in 招集、招来The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths . ( SIL42 )call on 拜访、访问 So I called on you and asked if I could borrow some jewellery . ( SIL 70 ) catch fire 着火 Suddenly a pan of oil catches fire . ( SIL 61 )care for 喜欢、想要 I care for readi

30、ng magazines . ( SIIL 16 )carry off 夺走 Worse still , it could even carry off the baby in its mouth . ( SIIL 46 )carry out 开展、执行、实现They are being used more and more to collect information about he space, to carry out experiments and to send the information back to research centres on the earth . ( SI

31、IL 55 )change . into 把变成，转换成 Change these sentences from Direct Speech into Indirect Speech.(SIL11 )clear away 把清除掉 She is clearing away the branches of that large tree. ( SIIL 43 )clear up 整理、收拾Everybody seems to drop waste paper in the street , and nobody clears it up at the end of the day. ( SIIL

32、 28 ) come about 发生、产生 How did these differences come about ?come across （偶然）遇到 A man was walking through a wood and he came across a wood-cutter. ( SIL 81 )come off 从离开，脱落My raincoat got caught in the door and the bottom button came off. ( SIIL40 )come out 出发、出版、发行How did the printing come out ? (

33、SIL 77 ) come to 共计、达到 By the end of the year , the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars , all of which were sent to Africa. ( SIL 103 )come true 变为现实，实现 Ive always dreamt of coming to China , and now my dream has come true. ( SIIL77 )come up 抬头、上来、上升 Puts his head underwater ,

34、but soon comes up for breath. ( SIIL 61 )compare to 与相比 In the 16-19 age group , 32% of women smoke, compared to 28% of men. ( SIIL 6 )compare . with 把与进行比较 Sometimes it is necessary to compare English with Chinese. ( SIIL8 ) connect to 连接、相连 The room , connected to the rest of the house by a long p

35、assage , was completely empty. ( SIIL59 )You just press the numbers and the phone will connect you to the right number . ( SIIL 91)connect with 与相连 How is one telephone connected with another today ? ( SIIL 90 )consider . as 把（某人）看作Today, Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest of all A

36、merican presidents. (SIL50)consider . to be 把。看作是the people had considered him to be a great leader, and a wise, kind and honest man. (SIL50)consider doing . 考虑做某事 Have you considered having a walk after supper ? ( SIL 53 ) cut off 切断Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because the

37、re was no electricity. (SIIL42 )cut through 剪断、凿穿The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths. ( SIIL 42 )cut up 齐根割掉、切碎 "Im cutting this tree up. " ( SIIL 61 )deal with 处理、对付 Here is some advice for dealing with common injuries. ( SIIL 30 )depen

38、d on 依靠、相信、信赖 you can depend on us , sir . ( SIIL 38 )die of 死于Tens of thousands of people died of hunger . ( SIL 87 )die out 消失、灭亡However , many of these are dying out . ( SIIL 35 )divide. into. 把分成Ireland is divided into two countries . ( SIL 86 )do a good deed 做件好事Quarrelling often with his frien

39、ds , Sydney was determined to do a good deed . ( SIIL 87 )do ones best 尽某人的最大努力The farmers do their best to supply the market with enough vegetables . ( SIL 32 )do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙 Do me the favor to put on this shirt, and this suit. ( SIIL 38 )do well 做的好Hes doing well in the navy . ( SIIL 61 )do

40、 wrong 做坏事、犯罪Evremonde family had done much wrong . ( SIIL 87 )dream of 向往、渴望、梦想 I"ve always dreamt of coming to China , and now my dream has come true. (SIIL77 )drop in 顺便走访（某人）Ill drop in and leave the new address . ( SIIL 38 ) eat up 吃光、吃完I ate up all the food I could find in the fridge . (

41、SIL 44 )earn ones living 谋生Many people earn their living by writing music . ( SIIL 82 )end up 结束、告终 Even if none of this is true for us today , it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability .( SIIL 79 )fall off 跌落、下降 The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wall , but that was

42、all . ( SIL 25 )fall in love with 爱上 After the return of dr Manette to England , two men fell in love with Lucie Manette , Charles Darnay and Sydney Carton. ( SIIL 86 )fall over 跌倒、倒下After a moment , it fell over and lay still . ( SIIL 47 )get along with 与相处All the other students went to the same ju

43、nior middle school , so they get along very well with each other. ( SIL 54 )get back 回来、返回 See you when I get back . ( SIL13 ) get close to 接近 There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building . ( SIL 62 )get down to 开始认真做 As soon as the

44、reporters know w hat to write about, they get down to work.( SIIL 14 )get in touch with 与了解（接触）Finally Hank and his friend gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States . ( SIIL 70)get off 脱下 Please get those things off, sir,

45、 and throw them into the fire . ( SIIL 38)get married 结婚The person getting married is a relative of my mother . ( SIIL 83) get through 通过、拨通（电话）I cant get through. The lines busy . ( SIL 97 )get together 聚会、联欢We must get together some other time for a chat . (SIIL 89 )get into the habit of 染上的习惯Nico

46、tine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking. (SIIL7)give advice 提建议Give advice to your friend . ( SIL45)give back归还、退还 I would like you to change this blouse , or else give me my money back. ( SIIL37 ) give in 屈服、让步 King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle.

47、 ( SIIL 75 )give up 放弃One habit is smoking. He cant give it up. ( SIIL 6 )go away 走开、离开、逃跑Did you stay at home or did you go away ? (SIL1)go against 反对、不利于 But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year , you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good . ( SIL

48、 95 )go ahead 用吧 - Thanks . I wonder if I could use your phone. - Sure . Go ahead . (SIIL 5 )go bad （食物）变坏、坏掉Around 1850 , a terrible disease hit the potato crop , and potatoes went bad in the soil . (SIL87) go off 离开When are you going off to Guangzhou ? ( SIL 13 )走开 In the afternoon , we all went o

49、ff separately to look for new plants. (SIIL 35 )go on doing sth. 继续干某时、不停地干某事Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors . (SIL 2 )go on with 继续With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university , where he received a doctors degree in 1905 . (S

50、IIL50 )go up 上涨、上升I believe prices might go up next week. ( SIL 33 )grow up 生长 Or do they grow up by themselves ? ( SIL 17 )hand in 交上来、递交The report Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race . (SIL 39 )hand out 分发 It seems necessary to hand out the listening text to the students. (SIIL22 )have a

51、good trip 一路顺风 Of course. Good luck. Have a good trip. ( SIL 13 )have a talk with 与谈话 Yang Mei is having a talk with her teacher Sara about learning English . ( SIL 81)have a seat 坐下 Come in and have a seat . ( SIIL 57 )have a test 参加测验I had a test last week and got a full mark. ( SIIL 85 )have a wo

52、rd with 和说句话Please , could I have a word with her ? ( SIIL 89 )have difficulty in ( doing ) sth. （做）有困难（麻烦）Others may have difficulty in moving. (SIIL 79 )have . on 戴着、穿着 Having a black hat on, Chaplin carried a stick , which he used to swing in the air. ( SIIL 19 )有事、有约会 Ive already got something o

53、n that evening . (SIIL 89 )have sports 进行体育活动Do you often have sports at school? ( SIL37 )hear about 听说 Well , what else did you hear about at the meeting ? ( SIIL 33 ) help . out 帮助某人解决困难 You remember my friend who helped me out? (SIIL95 )hold ones breath 屏息、不出声 Mrs cousins held her breath , and he

54、r whole body went cold. (SIIL46 )hold up 阻挡、使停顿If it is possible , hold up the part of the body which is bleeding . ( SIIL 30)in order to 为了 People had to walk many kilometres in order to fetch wood . (SIL 18)insist on 坚持、坚持认为、坚决要求 I insist on telling him how great you were. (SIIL 95)join in 参加、加入I

55、joined in the march and we were marching peacefully along and then the police came up. join up 联合起来、联接起来 Northern and Southern states joined up again as one country and slaves were set free. keep a record 作记录It also keeps a record of the date on which they will travel . (SIL 34 )keep back 留下Finally

56、, he did not give her the right change , but kept back five pounds. (SIIL67 )keep fit 保持健康So people will be advised to keep fit in many ways . ( SIIL 67 )keep in ouch with 与保持了解Although many families became separated, people still kept in touch with each other. (SIL87) keep on ( doing sth. ) 继续（做某事）In the years that followed , Marx kept on studying English and using it. ( SIL 82 )knock out of 从敲出来In the following spring ,