20151115常德石门一中省培讲座词块

1、词块理论指导下的中学英语语言知识学习探究The application of lexical chunks to teaching language points of a reading text陈春华陈春华20152015年年11 11月月1515日于常德市石门一中日于常德市石门一中“国培计划国培计划”“”“省培计划省培计划”（2015）A second childClassroom课堂课堂Classroom课堂课堂theatrecinema犹如犹如一部电视连续剧一部电视连续剧以前：以前：学生学生-配角配角、观众观众教师教师-剧作家、导演、制片、舞美剧作家、导演、制片、舞美、主角主角好课好

2、课-授课授课详细、详细、内容丰富内容丰富、教师精彩、教师精彩现在：现在： 学生学生-主主角角、观众观众教师教师-剧作家、导演、辅导员、信息员、主持人剧作家、导演、辅导员、信息员、主持人好课好课-学有所获、学生参与、学有所获、学生参与、学生精彩学生精彩， 启迪了思维启迪了思维趣英语课改英语课改V3.0前瞻丨前瞻丨英语课堂英语课堂除了语言还有什么除了语言还有什么?“中小学十几年，大部分时间用来学习中小学十几年，大部分时间用来学习百十篇从几十字到几百字的对话或课文，百十篇从几十字到几百字的对话或课文，操练了一些四会五会的技术，操练了一些四会五会的技术，束缚束缚了孩了孩子们的子们的智育发展智育发展，忽

3、视忽视了了心智健全成长心智健全成长，我们对不起他们。我们对不起他们。”许国璋许国璋10月16日-19日，中国教育学会外语教学专业委员会第19此学术年会在西安举行。会议议题“构建学生发展核心素养体系：目标与途径” 。不久的未来我们的高中英语教学将面临着从综合语言运用能力到英语学科核心素养”的高中英语课程改革的新挑战！英语学科核心素养英语学科核心素养英语学科核心素养 Help students to build up nice and excellent personal personalities; to be equipped with a wise mind, be able to solv

4、e any complex problems and situations, thus working efficiently and living a better life; to master the basic knowledge of English and know how to master it guided by us teachers; to have a healthy and harmonious relationship with others; guide the students to accomplish project and group work and i

5、mprove their ability to be self-disciplined.（1 1） 课程内容（学习内容）：课程内容（学习内容）：改变脱离语境的知识学习，将知识学习与技改变脱离语境的知识学习，将知识学习与技能发展融入主题、语境、语篇和语用之中，能发展融入主题、语境、语篇和语用之中，促进文化理解和思维品质形成，引导学生学促进文化理解和思维品质形成，引导学生学会学习，指向核心素养培养。会学习，指向核心素养培养。（2 2） 教学方式（学习方式）：教学方式（学习方式）：走向整合、关联、发展的课程，实现对语言走向整合、关联、发展的课程，实现对语言的深度学习（的深度学习（即语言、文化、思维的

6、融合即语言、文化、思维的融合）关于思维品质1. 它表现在思维的逻辑性、批判性、创新它表现在思维的逻辑性、批判性、创新性等方面。性等方面。2. 思维品质将是新版本课标的重要元素思维品质将是新版本课标的重要元素，它不仅仅意味着英语教学长期强调的它不仅仅意味着英语教学长期强调的“用英语思维用英语思维”的能力，而是代表着用语的能力，而是代表着用语言工具开发高阶思维的能力。言工具开发高阶思维的能力。英语教育并不仅仅是使学生掌握一种交英语教育并不仅仅是使学生掌握一种交流工具，还应挖掘其更多的社会和文化流工具，还应挖掘其更多的社会和文化功能，如培养学生的品格，发展学生心功能，如培养学生的品格，发展学生心智等

7、更深层次的价值智等更深层次的价值。What should we do?与时俱进！与时俱进！How to say “与时俱进” in English？与时俱进！与时俱进！Advance with the times！成就教师教学成功的关键是什么？培训的核心之一培训的核心之一-洗脑洗脑！理念决定行动！理念决定行动！词块理论指导下的中学英语语言知识学习探究The application of lexical chunks to teaching language points of a reading text陈春华陈春华20152015年年11 11月月1515日于常德市石门一中日于常德市石门一中

8、“ 国 培 计 划国 培 计 划 ” “” “ 省 培 计 划省 培 计 划 ” （ 2 0 1 5 ）Now，lets try expressing the following ideas in English:Sample 1亲爱的芳，你好！抱歉很长时间没有给你写信了。我最近一直在忙着安排和我姐探险旅游的事。课文原文再现：M2U2 Reading Dear Aihua, How are you! Sorry I havent written for so long. I have been quite busy arranging my holiday with my older brot

9、her. Lexical chunk: Sorry I havent written for so long. 抱歉很长时间没有给你写信了。 I have been quite busy (in) arranging sth. with sb. 我最近一直在忙着安排和某人的事。Now，lets try expressing the following ideas in English:Sample 1亲爱的芳，亲爱的芳，你好！抱歉很长时间没有给你写信了。我最近一直你好！抱歉很长时间没有给你写信了。我最近一直在忙着安排和我姐探险旅游的事。在忙着安排和我姐探险旅游的事。Lexical chunk:

10、 Sorry I havent written for so long. I have been quite busy (in) arranging sth. with sb. Dear Fang, How are you! Sorry I havent written for so long. I have been quite busy arranging an adventure holiday with my older sister.Sample 2 九寨沟是一个神奇而美丽的地方，一个九寨沟是一个神奇而美丽的地方，一个美得让你无法用语言形容的地方。美得让你无法用语言形容的地方。课文原

11、文再现：课文原文再现：M2U2 Project Para.1 Would you like the chance to a place of mystery and beauty in the south-west of China? Para. 5 Their snowy mountaintops form a beautiful picture that will leave you at a loss for words.Lexical chunk: a place of mystery and beauty 一个神奇而美丽的地方一个神奇而美丽的地方 leave you at a los

12、s for words 美得让你无法用语言形容美得让你无法用语言形容Sample 2 九寨沟是一个神奇而美丽的地方，一个美得让你无法用语言形容的地方。Lexical chunk: a place of mystery and beauty leave you at a loss for words Jiuzaigou is a place of mystery and beauty that will leave you at a loss for words.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusi

13、on that 通过以上讨论，我们通过以上讨论，我们不难得出结论：不难得出结论：It is commonly accepted / thought that 人们普遍认为人们普遍认为 已引起了广泛已引起了广泛关注。关注。has caused wide public concern.There is a growing tendency for sb. to do .over the recent years.近些年，近些年，呈增长的势头。呈增长的势头。套语套语套语套语套语套语1. a _bag (重的重的) 2. a _ crop (丰收丰收)3. a _ drinker (酒鬼酒鬼) 4.

14、a _ heart (沉重沉重) 5. _ food (油腻油腻)6. _ snow (大雪大雪)7. _traffic (拥挤拥挤)8. _ makeup(浓妆）浓妆）9. _ rain(大雨）大雨）heavyheavyheavyheavyheavyheavyheavyheavyheavy要点要点Point 1: Brief introduction to lexical chunksPoint 1: Brief introduction to lexical chunksl Brief introduction to lexical chunks Brief introduction to

15、 lexical chunks l Types of the lexical chunks Types of the lexical chunks l Application of the lexical chunks in Application of the lexical chunks in language teaching language teaching.Point 1: Brief introduction to lexical chunks语言学家经过电脑数据统计分析发现，语言学家经过电脑数据统计分析发现，英语中的英语中的语言交际语言交际90%是由是由固定或半固定固定或半固定

16、的模块化了的多词组合结构的模块化了的多词组合结构来实现的，来实现的，这种固定或半固定的模块化了的多词组合这种固定或半固定的模块化了的多词组合结构就是结构就是“词块词块”。语言学家语言学家Lewis认为人们在建构语句时，会使用一些认为人们在建构语句时，会使用一些预先编制好的词块预先编制好的词块.“词块词块”（lexical chunks)是真实交际中出现是真实交际中出现的大于单词的语言现象的大于单词的语言现象,它融合了语法、语义它融合了语法、语义和语境和语境；是；是形式固定形式固定或半固定或半固定的的惯例化的语惯例化的语言构块言构块。在语言交际时，可以被整体快速提。在语言交际时，可以被整体快速提

17、取使用。取使用。词块优于单个词的最大特点是融语法、词块优于单个词的最大特点是融语法、 语用语用及语篇功能于一身，及语篇功能于一身， 交际时无需考虑语法规交际时无需考虑语法规则，则，快速整存整取快速整存整取，从而，从而大大地提高了语言大大地提高了语言输出的地道性、流畅性和完整性，输出的地道性、流畅性和完整性， 避免了二避免了二语习得过程中因母语的负迁移而产生的种种语习得过程中因母语的负迁移而产生的种种语言困惑，语言困惑， 尤其哑巴英语和蹩脚的汉式英语尤其哑巴英语和蹩脚的汉式英语等等。等等。 Point 2: Types of the lexical chunks Michael Lewis 将词

18、块分成四类：将词块分成四类：多词词块（多词词块（poly-words）高频搭配（高频搭配（high frequency collocations）惯用话语惯用话语(institutionalized utterances)句子框架和引语句子框架和引语 (sentence frame and heads)1短语(polyword)由两个或两个以上的单词组成。短语的特点是构成成分固定不变，其语义不能从构成短语的每个单词的意义中推断出来。如：in spite of, for example，as a result，in a word， in brief；on the whole etc.2搭配语搭配

19、语(collocation)搭配是所有语言共有的一种现象，是指词项在搭配是所有语言共有的一种现象，是指词项在长期的使用中逐步形成的一种关系。最典型的长期的使用中逐步形成的一种关系。最典型的是动词与介词、副词或者介副词一起；动词是动词与介词、副词或者介副词一起；动词-名名词，形容词词，形容词-名词的搭配等。名词的搭配等。如如： belong to make up look up to, set sail for fall ill heart trouble a good supply of keep a diary hard evidence strong red tea on clear ni

20、ghts a strong wind a high price a tall girl 3惯用语惯用语(institutionalized utterances)通常指作为独立话语、相当于句子的词汇短通常指作为独立话语、相当于句子的词汇短语语, 绝大多数是规范类的、不改变形式的谚语、绝大多数是规范类的、不改变形式的谚语、格言和社会公式话语等。格言和社会公式话语等。如如: Its just my cup of tea. （正合偶的口味，指人，事等等）（正合偶的口味，指人，事等等） It was really neat!（太棒了）（太棒了） A fall into a pit, a gain in

21、 your wit。 吃一堑，长一智。吃一堑，长一智。 4语句框架语句框架(sentence frames)语句框架是一种带有空位的结构性短语：运用不同的语句框架是一种带有空位的结构性短语：运用不同的词汇或短语来填充语句框架中的空位时生成了表达不词汇或短语来填充语句框架中的空位时生成了表达不同意义或观点的句子。它为完整地表达某种意义或观同意义或观点的句子。它为完整地表达某种意义或观点提供了一个基本结构。点提供了一个基本结构。如如： is one of the most the world has ever known. 是有史以来世界上最是有史以来世界上最的的之一。之一。Some people

22、 say. Others believe that. However, still others believe that 有人说有人说.。 另一些人则相信另一些人则相信。 尽管如此，仍有尽管如此，仍有一些其他人认为一些其他人认为。Going to . was a very experience. 1 Some. Other. Yet other. The last 有的有的, 有的有的, 还有的还有的,最后最后.。 2 People have always enjoyed, and there has/have always been 人们总是爱人们总是爱, 无处不有无处不有/无时不在。无时

23、不在。 3 One reason is that . 之所以之所以, 原因之一就是原因之一就是 4 is popular with all age groups and has the ability to 深受各年龄段人群的喜爱，并且有能深受各年龄段人群的喜爱，并且有能力力 5 Whatever the reason, . 不管是什么原因，不管是什么原因， 1 Some. Other. Yet other. The last Sample(By Nancy): Last week we had discussion about hobbies. Generally there are fou

24、r different choices. Some devote most of their time to sports. Other people have affection for sports to enrich their life. Yet other people would prefer music, for they hold that it makes you smarter, helps you to think, and can turn you into an intelligent person. The last say that reading books a

25、re their favorite choices, which they believe will no doubt broaden their horizons. Personally, whatever your hobby is, you must have a unique one to live a better and colorful life. 2007年8月Point 3: Application of the lexical chunks in language teaching1 基于教材的词块教学：基于教材的词块教学：1） 找词块，用词快放飞写作。找词块，用词快放飞写

26、作。M10U2 ReadingPopulation movement in the USALanguage focuses搭配类：搭配类：Lexical chunks(事件事件)正在发展正在发展 , 在移动中在移动中 60及及60岁以上的老人岁以上的老人是是的家园的家园占据；构成占据；构成是有名的是有名的根据最近进行的调查根据最近进行的调查有道理有道理适应新环境适应新环境异口同声地说异口同声地说be on the move people aged 60 and overbe home tomake upbe known asaccording to the survey conducted r

27、ecentlymake senseadapt to new situations speak with one voice学生的口头作文：Lexical chunksAccording to the survey conducted recently, women are more brilliant than men. However, men make up almost all of the important positions, leaving young women aged 20 and over few opportunities. As a result, the world

28、wide women rights campaign is on the move. Demark, which is known as the worlds most justice country, became home to the women rights campaign. We believe the complete equality will come true some day.be on the move people aged 60 and overbe home tomake upbe known asaccording to the survey conducted

29、 recentlymake senseadapt to new situations speak with one voiceReading aloud框架类词块框架类词块人们对人们对给出了许多不同的理由。有些人给出了许多不同的理由。有些人，而有些人而有些人。但是有一件事是明确的，那就。但是有一件事是明确的，那就是是。People give many reasons for . Some , while People give many reasons for . Some , while some others. The one thing is clear, however, is som

30、e others. The one thing is clear, however, is thatthatYoung mobile adults Young mobile adults give many different reasons give many different reasons for for swapping their home towns for big cities. swapping their home towns for big cities. SomSome are looking for a good job, e are looking for a go

31、od job, while some while some others others seek exciting and fun things to do.seek exciting and fun things to do. The The one point that is clear, however, is that one point that is clear, however, is that young young people are speaking with one voice: “To the people are speaking with one voice: “

32、To the cities?”cities?”Example： M6U2 Reading The search for happiness We are talking about happiness today. To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends. To others, happiness means achieving success in something, such as meeting a goal. To others who have been injured or struggled wi

33、th a physical disability, happiness can simply mean a day without suffering , or just being alive.1113胡云迪胡云迪Today Id like to talk about sacrifice. To some, sacrifice is to give up something important or useful for a particular purpose. To others, sacrifice means devoting themselves to business or sc

34、ience. To those who have great personalities, sacrifice can mean making the world full of love and pretty.1113刘三吾刘三吾What is home? To some, home is the first school for young children, where they learn what is right, what is good and what is kind. To others, home means the place where joy is shared a

35、nd sorrow eased. To those who have been injured, home can simply mean the place where they go for comfort when they are hurt or sick.2） 常见词汇学习的多视角。常见词汇学习的多视角。常见单词的教授除了词典上的搭配之外，还常见单词的教授除了词典上的搭配之外，还应从其实用的视角出发，传授给学生实用的应从其实用的视角出发，传授给学生实用的词块，做到学后能用。词块，做到学后能用。学习单词学习单词meanmean的用法的用法除了讲授词典上除了讲授词典上meanmean作为

36、动词基本含义作为动词基本含义和搭配，还从生活、运用层面上进行适当的和搭配，还从生活、运用层面上进行适当的拓展。例如：拓展。例如：词典上的搭配： be mean to sb. 对对刻薄刻薄be mean with/about 对对吝啬吝啬mean to do 打算打算mean doing.意味着意味着mean sth. / that-clause .be meant to do 应该应该 被普遍认为是被普遍认为是 生活、实用He that promises too much means nothing. 轻诺者寡信；轻诺者寡信；I mean it. 我是认真的。我是认真的。mean (sb.)

37、no harm 并非出于恶意并非出于恶意I mean, 我的意思是我的意思是See what I mean? 明白我的意思了吗？明白我的意思了吗？mean well / ill （to sb.）对）对有好有好/恶意恶意3） 赏析中习得语言知识。赏析中习得语言知识。教师在语篇教学中，组织学生立足教师在语篇教学中，组织学生立足观察赏析作者运用语言写作之妙处，观察赏析作者运用语言写作之妙处，通过反思、感悟、模仿，在运用的过通过反思、感悟、模仿，在运用的过程中习得语言知识。程中习得语言知识。 以模块以模块2 U2 An adventure in Africa 为例，为例， 1) It will be

38、very hot, dry and dusty there.(L12)2) .the stars seem especially brilliant on clear nights .(L15)3) The water gets quite rough. (L22) 4) People feel sick as the atmosphere gets thinner. (L39)4）词块功能群库的建构促词块功能群库的建构促进进写作语言表达写作语言表达多样化。多样化。 在语篇教学中，指导学生理解单词或词块的在语篇教学中，指导学生理解单词或词块的本体意义，关注其功能意义；建立词块的功本体意义，关注

39、其功能意义；建立词块的功能群库，关注以及与之对应的汉语同义或近能群库，关注以及与之对应的汉语同义或近义词组块。义词组块。以以M1U1 School life为例：为例：have trouble in在在方面有麻烦方面有麻烦汉语中表达类似意思习惯的说法：“做某事挺难”“很难做某事”“无法做到”“搞不清”“做某事费劲”“做某事不顺利”“不适应做某事”等等。be challenging be a great challengestruggle to doIt is a struggle for sb. to dosuffer a lot doing sth.have difficulty inhav

40、e a hard time doing sth.M2U1 Boy missing, police M2U1 Boy missing, police puzzledpuzzled麓山国际实验学校麓山国际实验学校 罗佳罗佳(Jerry(Jerry) )Language observation and appreciation“ “引起讨论引起讨论” ”词块家族词块家族attention2. become a _(餐桌话题餐桌话题)dinner table topic3. become the _(焦点焦点) of peoples/medias attentionfocus1. receive/ar

41、ouse great _(注意力注意力)+due to “ “证据证据” ”类词块家族：类词块家族：see/watch/notice/hear/listen to/sb. _ sth. ( (某人正某人正在做某事在做某事) )sb. _ sth.（某人（某人做某事）做某事） sth. _ (某事某事被做被做)doingdodone“下结论”家族词块Sb.realize thatassume thatbe sure thatThere beno hard evidence thatSb. cannot rule out the possibility thatthink thatgreat possibility tha