SolutionFoused Tutoring：聚焦于问题解决的教学

1、solution-focused tutoringdrawing on nlp and coaching skills in the tuition settingliz amesburyuniversity of wolverhamptonadshe networking day: 18 june 2009 liz amesbury, 2009. all rights reservedbasis for this workshopnmentoring tutorsnneurodiversity coaching inventoryla self-assessment tool for stu

2、dents to identify their strengths/difficultiesntraining in coaching and nlpnexperience with dyslexic studentswhat is neuro-linguistic programming (nlp)?nnamed by dr richard bandler and dr john grinder.nstudy of approaches that work.nmodelling excellence.nmaking unconscious strategies (programmes) co

3、nscious.ncommunicating effectively.why solution-focused tutoring?nsolutions usually involve study strategies and skills.nsometimes students are not open to new strategies.nstudent is deeply focused on the problem.nneed to help the student become open to solutions.problem states (students)nstrong neg

4、ative emotions present.nvivid descriptions of past failures.nstories about specific events.ngeneralisation about difficulties.nyes, but responses to suggestions.nbelief thatstuck in problem.napparent resistance to trying to resolve the problem.ntalk at length about the problem.problem state / soluti

5、on state nconfusionnfrustrationnhopelessnessndefensivenessnsuperficial listeningnreluctantnresistantnself-doubtnclarityncalmnessnoptimismnopennessnattentive listeningnenthusiasticnallowingnself- beliefbridging statesproblemsolutioncharacteristics of the bridgenyou cant be on both sides at once.nwhen

6、 youre on one side, you cant see the other.nits a two way bridge.nyou can swap places.neither way, theres a hill to climb to get to the other side.nonce you get to the middle, if you keep marching its all downhill.supporting the bridge the foundationsnlistening style attentive, open, focused, non-ju

7、dgemental.na state of being curious and relaxed. solution-state.nan attitude the client (student) is resourceful and capable.na method asking questions rather than giving suggestions.preparing to bridge statesnbe aware of the students tendencies problem/solution focused? ngoal to call the student to

8、 join you in the solution state.nbuild a solution-focused state. nprepare your own emotional state before the session.npractice self-coaching.self-coachingnask yourself questions that will promote a positive frame of mind:nclarityncalmnessnoptimismnopennessnattentive listeningnenthusiasticnallowingn

9、self- beliefa good question:nis short and to the point.nis punctuated with silence.nstops the flow of thought, the student pauses.ndeserves processing time.ncan be repeated if it isnt answered first time.ncauses the student to .nfocuses on specific detail/accuracy.nhas a physiological/neurological e

10、ffect.why not why?navoid starting questions with why?nthe answer is usually because nit tends to initiate stories.nstories (memories, experiences, events) provoke greatest emotional reactions.nproblem state + story = negative emotionspecify time when ?ni just cant read.nwhen did you last do some rea

11、ding?nive never been able to write essaysnwhen did you last write an essay?specify strategy how ?ni just cant do the reading.nhow do you approach reading?nive never been able to write essays?nhow do you approach writing your essays?specify meaning what nim just not a good reader.nwhat do you mean by

12、 good?nim just not a straight a student.nwhat do you mean by straight a student?nim useless at telling the time.nwhat do you mean by useless?question limiting languagenlisten for words that generalise:nnever never?nalways always?ncant cant?neveryoneeveryone?nno-oneno-one?njustjust?quantify the probl

13、emnon a scale of 1 100 how do you rate your reading skills in these areas:specify the desired outcomenif you were a good reader, how would you know?nif you did know, what would it be like to be a good reader?nif you had to take a wild guess, what it would be like?nwhat might happen if you improved y

14、our reading?nhow might you benefit from being a better reader?nwhat do you want?outframe the problemnintroduce an analogy:ni know you feel that you cant solve this problem but i like to think there is a bridge to every solution.nhow do you think you would feel about this if you were on the other sid

15、e of the bridge?nhow can you move towards it?outcomes of coachingnstudents may take steps towards the solution then back to the problem.nany movement on the bridge is worth celebrating.nyou dont have to take them all the way into a solution immediately.things to bear in mindnmanage your own state:lcurious, relaxed, open, attentive.nbelieve in the students ability.ncall them to the solution, dont drag them.nintrude on stories, give time to process powerful questions.nthe solutions might come easi