定语从句精讲

1、（一）定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句 所修饰的名或代词叫作先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后 面；引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。The stude nts Who don' t study hard） will not pass the exam.先行词定语从句关系词的作用：代替先行词充当成分起连接作用关系词：关系代词 that、which、as、who whom whose关系畐U词 where、why、when（二）用法1. 关系代词的用法（1）that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。A pla ne is a machi ne that can

2、fly.主语The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimssister.宾语（2）Which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。They planted the trees which didnt need much water.（主语）The fish which we bought were not fresh. （宾语）（3） who/ whom指人，who在从句中作主语、宾语，whom!乍宾语。The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主语）The person to whom you just talked

3、is Mr. Li.（宾语）（4）whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。This is the book whose cover is blue.I would like a room whose win dow looks out over the sea.(5) as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1) 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：Such +名词+ as.像.一样的the same +名词+ as.和.同样的其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。Eg: We have found such materials as are

4、 used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)These houses are sold at sucha low price as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)2) 引导非限制性定语从句，as指整个句子内容。Eg: As everybody kno ws, Shakespeare is a famous writer.2. 关系副词的用法在定语从句中，当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，就 要

5、分别用关系副词 whe n, where, why来引导，在从句中作状语。 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which ”结构即 when 二 on(in,during, )+ whichwhere =on(in,in front of, )+ whichwhy = for + whichEg: I remembered the day when (on which) I first came to the school.Beiji ng is the place where (in which) I was born.Is this the reas on wh

6、y (for which) he refused to help you?注意：关系代词vs关系副词选择关系代词，还是关系副词首先要判断先行词在定语从句中充当的成分：若先行词在 从句中做主语、宾语或定语 (whose )则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副Eg: r II n ever forget the days whe n I worked with you in the city.r II n ever forget the days that I spe nt with you in the city.3. “介词+关系代词”结构有时从句中的介词会移到关系代词之前，此时关系

7、代词用which, whom,whose.(1) “介词+关系代词”型This is the compa ny in which I used to work.I would like you to expla in the reas on for which you were abse nt.Last mon th, part of the province was struck by floods, from whoseeffects the people are still sufferi ng.(2) “代词/数词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词”结构Here are the quest

8、i on s,some of which(=of which some )hought too difficult for you.Last Sun day I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were En glish no vels.Chi na has thousa nds of isla ndsthe largest of whichs Taiwa n.(3) 关系代词前介词的确定根据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。Eg:I bought a great many booksp n which I spe nt

9、all my money that I saved.依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定。Eg:I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in thecoun try.根据句子所表达的意思来确定。Eg:The colorless gaswithout which we cannot live is called oxyge n.4. 关系代词只用that不用which的情况(1) 当先行词是 all，everything，something, nothing，anything，much， little，few等不定代

10、词时。我不能为你做什么That is all that I want to say那就是我想要说的。(2) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Eg: This is the first book that I have read.This is the most important book that I have read.(3) 当先行词被 the very，the only，the same, the las等修饰时。Eg: This is the very book that bel ongs to him.Mr.Smith is the on ly foreig ner that

11、 he kno ws.(4) 当先行词既有人又有物，定语从句的关系代词要用that.Eg: Do you know the things and pers ons that they are talk ing about(5) 先行词被 every, some, no, all, any, little, much few 等修饰时。Eg: I' ve read all the books that you lend me.(6) 当主句的主语是疑问词 who或which时。Eg: Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the boy that

12、won the gold medal?5. 只能用which不用that的情况1、引导非限制性定语从句时，逗号后面Eg: Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.2、介词后面，定语从句中作介词的宾语。Eg: This is the housein which he once lived.6. 只用who的情况(1) 先行词是 one, ones时。Eg： One who breaks the law will be puni shed.(2) 先行词是anyone, those指人)时。Eg: T

13、hose who break the law will be puni shed.(3) 先行词后有很长的状语时。Eg: I met a girl in the park yesterday who came from the USA.There be句型中指人用 who.Eg: There is a girl who wants to see you outside.7. Whose用法及转换形式(1) whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语 。Eg: That' s the child whose father is a teacher.(2) whose引导定语从句

14、，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物Eg: Do you know the woma n whose husba nd is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is gree n.whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但词序不同，即 whose+名词 =the +n. + of which=of which + the + n.Eg: He lives in the room whose window faces south.=He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.=He l

15、ives in the room, of which the win dow faces south.(4) whose的先行词 指人时，可用of whom代替，即whose+ 名词=the+n. +of whom=of whom +the +n.Eg: I will talk to those stude nts whose homework hasntbee n done.=I will talk to those students the homework of whom hasn 'beendone.=I will talk to those stude nts of whom

16、 the homework has n 'bee n done.8. as与which引导的定语从句(1) which与as都可以代替整个句子内容做主语、宾语， which不 能放句首。 当与such或the same连用时，一般用 asEg: Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same pla n as you(have).as引导的从句可以放在句首，as本身有“正如，正象，”之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announ ce, point ou等。Eg: As we all know / is known to us, the earth is round.9. 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。(1)先行词是one of+ n.复数，从句的谓语用复数。Eg: He is one of stude nts who are good at En glish. 先行词是the (only) one of +n.复数，从句谓语用单数。Eg: He is the one of stude nts who is good at En glish in our class.10