新目标八年级上册unit1语法总结

1、第一单元重点语法1.复合不定代词：something, anything, nothing, everything, someone, anyone, no one, everyone, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody。复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg.Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后，即定语后置。eg.There is something important on todaysnewspaper.今天的报纸有些重要新闻。复合不定代词变否

2、定句时，要否定主语：eg.Somethingiswrong.（变为否定句）Something isnt wrong.（错误） Nothing is wrong.（正确）Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句；anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句。eg.There is something new in the park.公园里有些新的景点。Do you have anything interesting to tell us？你有什么有趣的事要告诉我们吗？当somebody,someone等用于疑问句时，表示肯定、请求、建议或

3、反问；anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。eg.Is someone coming this afternoon？今天下午有客人来吗？Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能犯错误。练习1. ( ) Nobody the answer to the question?A. know B. knows C. knowing D. are know( ) 2. Could you do_for me, please?A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything( ) 3. The bottle is

4、 empty. There is_ in it.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything( ) 4. Did you find _ in the room? No, we found _ there.A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody( ) 5. I'm not busy. I haven't _ to do. A. something B. everything C. nothing D

5、. anything( )6. She is a new here, so we know about her.A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything( ) 7. Listen to me. I have_ to tell you.A. anything new B. something new C. new something D. nothing new( ) 8. By the way, is there _ in today's newspaper? A. something new B. anything new C

6、. new something D. new anything( ) 9.Is there in today's newspaper?A. special something B. special anything C. something special D. anything special2.反身代词完成下列表格：单数复数第一人称我自己我们自己第二人称你自己你们自己yourselves第三人称他自己他们自己她自己它自己itself反身代词在句中可作同位语，起强调作用，也可作动词或介词的宾语。eg.A few days later,I myself had to go to Par

7、is.（作同位语）She bought herself a new bag.（作动词宾语）Hes not worried about himself.（作介词宾语）带有反身代词的常用短语teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃些吧 say to oneself 自言自语 learnby oneself 自学enjoy oneself 过得愉快 leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 hurt oneself 伤了自己dress oneself 自己穿衣服 come to oneself 苏醒过来练习一选择。1. Those girls enjo

8、yed _ in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself 2. Help _ to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves3. The film _ is very fun. A. its B. itself C. it D. its 4. Who teaches _ math? I teach _. A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself 5.

9、The father will make _ a bike _. A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself 6. The scarf is _, she made it_. A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself 7. Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of others than _. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 8. Lu

10、ckily, he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they 9. I cant mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for ? A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me10. I like watching in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself11.We _ at the party last Sunday.A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ou

11、rselves C. enjoy myself D. enjoyed ourself12. Let Tony do it by_. He is no longer a kid A. him B. his C. himself D. he13. You are twelve now. _ must look after_.A. You; yourself B. Your; yourself C. You; your D. You're; yourself3.一般过去时意义：一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。主语+was/were结构：主语

12、+实义动词过去式+标志词: yesterday , the day before yesterday , last + 时间 , this morning ， 时间 + ago , just now , a moment ago , in + 过去的时间 。练习一：句型转换1. The children had a good time in the park.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_3. Ann did her homewor

13、k yesterday evening.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_4. Last week I read an English book.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定/否定回答：_对划线部分提问：_5. My brother was in the park just now.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_二、用所给的动词的适当形式填空。He _(visit) the Great Wall last year.2.We_(have) a good time yesterday.3.We often _(go) to school by bus last year.4.

14、I _(live)in the village when I was a child.5.Mike_(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year.6.Sam_ (do) the housework yesterday.7._(do) you _(enjoy) yourself yesterday?8._(do)you _(play) the violin in the artroom yesterday?No, I didn't. I_(draw)some pictures there.9. I _ (eat) a big pizza y

15、esterday.10.There_ (be) many sheep on the farm last year.11. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.12. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.13. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)14. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?15. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.Unit2 Ho

16、w often do you exercise?重点短语： how often 多久一次help with housework 帮助做家务 on weekends 在周末go to the movies 去看电影 go shopping 去购物do exercises 做锻炼 do the dishes 洗餐具hardly ever 几乎从不 once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月两次 be free 有空 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 swing dance 摇摆舞 play tennis 打网球 stay up lat

17、e 熬夜；睡得很晚 use the Internet 用互联网 at least 至少 go to bed early 早点睡觉 want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 be good for 对有好处 play sports 进行体育活动 go camping 去野营 in ones free time 在某人的业余时间 ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 notat all 一点儿也不 the most popular 最受欢迎的 by doing sth. 通过做某事 the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 help sb. w

18、ith sth. 帮助某人做某事 How about? .怎么样？/ 好不好？ spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 such as 比如；诸如 old habits die hard 积习难改 go to the dentist 去看牙医 less than 少于 more than 多于；超过重点语法：1. 不确定的频度副词：表示动作发生间隔（既频率）的副词。它们有：always ; usually ; often ; sometimes ; seldom ； hardly ever ; never 等。always（100%） usually（约80%90%） of

19、ten（约60%） sometimes（约30%） seldom（约20%） hardly ever（约10%） never（0%）在句中位置：频度副词在句中通常放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，在实义动词之前。She is often late for school./I can never be sure./He always helps me.2.表示确定的频率短语 every day/week/month/year 每天/周/月/年 once a week 每周一次 twice a week 每周两次 twice a month 一月两次three times a day 一天三次

20、注：三次或三次以上一般用“基数词times”表示。3.区别how soon 跟 how longhow long多久（用来提问有多长时间）回答通常是more than two weeks、for a week、ten years等表示一段时间的状语。例：How long did you study English in China?For three weeks.2. how soon 用来提问“需要多长时间才会”，指某一动作要多长时间以后才能完成或发生。回答通常是“in一段时间”例：How soon will you come back？ In a week.特殊疑问词How的用法家族成员称

21、呼职责how1)怎样；怎么2)多么1)指询问方式、方法；程度2)构成感叹句how old几岁询问年龄多大。how many多少询问可数名词的数量。how much1)多少2)多少钱1)询问不可数名词的数量2)询问价钱或钱的数量how far多 远询问两地之间的距离。how often多久一次(表频率)询问做某事多长时间一次。how long1)多久2)多长1)询问做某事花了多长时间2)询问物体的长度how tall多高询问人或物的高度how fast多快询问速度练习：1.It took 100,000 workers twenty years to build the Great Pyrami

22、d._2. His father goes to Beijing twice a year._3. The train will arrive in half an hour. _4. Tom is eleven. _5. He goes to school by bike. _6. There are five people in his family. _7. There is much milk in the glass. _8. Li Lei watches TV six times a month. _9. Jack sees the movies twice a week. _4.

23、spend,cost,take,pay用法区别：spend on .: 在某方面花费时间和金钱spend(in)doing sth: 花费做某事spend time with sb: 和某人共度时光It takes sb. 时间to do sth： 做某事花了某人多少时间sth. costs (sb.) 金钱: 某物花了（某人）多少钱(doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间： 某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间pay (sb.) money for sth： 付钱（给某人）买take、spend、pay、cost的课下练习题答案：练习：一. 用take、spend、pay、cost四种方式翻译下列句子：这件新裙子花了我200元。 _ _二. 翻译：买这本书花费我二十元钱。(cost) _他的妈妈为我付了买书的钱。(pay) _做作业花费了我一晚上的时间。(take) _三. 填空（用take、spend、pay、cost填空，请注意考虑时态的变化）1. The book _ me $20.2. It_ me half an hour to find the