导学案：形式主语和形式宾语

1、形式主语和形式宾语【语言感知】把下列句子译成汉语1. It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny' s birthday party or not2. It' s a pitthat you missed the exciting football match.3. It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.4. It seemedthat he didn ' th eetruth.5.lt' necessary for the young

2、 to master two foreign language.6. It's very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me.7. It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. It's a waste of time talking to her any more.9. It took the workers almost three years to finish buildi ng the dam.10. He found it diffi

3、cult to stop smok ing11.1 think it best that you should do more exercise.12.She thought it no good worrying about him.【合作探究】形式主语或形式宾语指的是：当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语或宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语或形式宾语置于句首或句中动词之后，而将真正的主语或宾语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。主要有：一、it作形式主语It作形式主语的常见句型： It + be + 形容词 + to do

4、sth. / doi ng / thate.g. It is very important to learn a foreign Ianguage.（ 学一门外语非常重要。 ）It is useless crying over the spilt milk.（ 覆水难收。）It was really surprising that she married a man like that.（她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。） It + be +名词词组 + doi ng / that .e.g. It is no good telling lies.（撒谎没好处。）It is a pity that

5、 you didn 'go to see the film yesterday.（你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。）It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.（没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。） It + be +过去分词 + that .该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.e.g. It is said that they have inven ted

6、a new type of computer.（据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。）It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.（大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。）It was reported that more tha n 170 thousa nd people died in the 2004 tsun ami.（据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。） It + seems / appears / happe ns 等不及物动词 + that .e.g.

7、It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.（似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。）It appears that Tom might change his mind.（看来汤姆可能会改变主意。） 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。e.g. Does it matter much that they won 'come tomorrow?（他们明天不来很重要吗？ ）Is it true that he will go abroad next week?（他下周出国是真的吗？） It + takes + （sb.） + some time + to

8、 do sth.这是一个表示“某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中 的sb也可以省略。e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.（我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。）It took him fourtee n hours to go to NewZeala nd from Shan ghai by pla ne.（从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。）How long does it take you to go to Beiji ng from Qin gda

9、o by train ?（ 从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？）I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.二.it作形式宾语在句中，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式（动名词或从句）"：I find it difficult to do the job well.我发现做好这件事不容易。I thi nk it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好住这儿。通常意义的形式宾语其真正宾语

10、为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语。 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find,con sider, feel, suppose 等）；e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）I don 'feel it difficult to understand the Special

11、English.（ 我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。） 某些表示 喜、怒、哀、乐"的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；e.g. I don 'like it that he 'so lazy.（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）I hate it whe n my mother asks me to eat eggs.（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。） that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。 ）

12、由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。e.g. I leave it to your own judgme nt whether you should do it.（ 我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）【当堂检测】一.形式主语、形式宾语专项练习1. It's easiertha nD. say ing; doingD. goD. for;to lear nD. it'sA. say; doB. to say; to doC. says; does2. It takes me 30 minu testo school by bike every d

13、ay.A. goingB. to goC. goes3. It's not easyusa foreig n Ian guage.A. for;lear ningB. of; lear ningC. of;to lear n4. Childre n findin teresti ng to play computer games.A. thatB. whichC. it5. Do you thi nk it importa ntcomputer well?A. playB. playsC. to playD. play ing6. Isn ecessary to complete th

14、e desig n before Nati onal Day?A. thisB. thatC. itD. he7. I don 'thinkpossible to master a foreign Ianguage without much memory work.A. thisB.thatC.itsD.it8. Doesmatterif he can'finish the job ontime?A. thisB.thatC.heD.it9. Tom 'mother kept telli ng him that he should work harder; butdid

15、 n 'help.A. heB.whichC.sheD.it10.is a fact that En glish is being accepted as an intern atio nal la nguage.A. ThereB. ThisC. That11. I hatewhe n people talk with their mouths full.A. itB. thatC. theseD. ItD. them12. I likein the autu mn whe n the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD.

16、 one13. happe nedhe is unfit for the office.A. This; thatB. That; thatC. It; that14. We tookfor gran ted that they would accept our advice.A. thatB. thisC. itD. He; thatD. them15. that the scie ntist will give us a talk n ext mon th?A. Is trueB. Is it trueC. It ' trueD. It' truly16. does n&#

17、39;tmatter muchdress you are going to wear.A. This; thatB. That; whoC. It; whichD. It; who17.is going to America for further study.A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said heD. It is said that heA. ThisB. ThatC. ThereD.It19. Ispossible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. thisB. ther

18、eC. thatD.it20. She likedwhe n he kissed her.A. himB. thatC. oneD.it21.will do you good to do some exercise every morningA. ItB. ThereC. ThoseD.One22. We thi nkour duty to pay taxes to our gover nment.A. thatB. thisC. itsD.it18. They are good frien ds.is no won der that they know each other so well.

19、23. I "d appreciateif you would like to teach me how to use the computer.A. thatB. itC. thisD. you24 . -What do you think made Mary so upset? -血 new bicycle.A. As she lost B. LostC. Los ing25. Our mon itor suggesteda discussi on of this subject.D. Because of los ingA. to haveB. should have26. I

20、t "very kindyoume.A. for; help ing B. of ; help27-What do you think of the book ?A. to readB. to be read28. It 'sno use forward toC. haveD. havi ngC. for; to helpD. of; to help-Oh; excellent . It's wortha second time.C. readi ngD. being read from her soon.A. to look; to hearB. look ing;

21、 heari ng C. look ing; hearD. look; hear29. It took the workme n only two hours to finishmy car.A. repairi ngB. repairC. to repairD. repaired30. clea n is a safeguard aga inst disease.A. To be keep ingKey:1 5 BBDCC1620 CDDDDD. Keep ingB. Kept6 10 CDDDD21 25 ADBCDC. Keep11 15 ACCCB26 30 DCBAD.B. has

22、C. isD. haveD. areD. wereD. areD. have bee nD. wasD. wasD. isD. areD. hasD. are praisedD. are中考英语主谓一致练习题（含答案）20. Many a manhad that kind of experie nee. A. have21. No food and no waterin the house.A. isB. hasC. are22. Joh n and his unclegoing hik ing tomorrow.A. beB. amC. is23. Whenthe Uni ted Nati

23、ons fou nded?A. isB. wasC. are24. Either my friends or Igoing to the library on Mon day.A. isB. beC. am25. -Why did you choose En glish in stead of Japa nese?-Because Japa neseas popular as En glish.A. isn 'B. aren 'C. has been26. Only one and a half oran geson the plate.A. isB. areC. be27.

24、Nowadays more and more the youngfond of pop music.A. areB. isC. were28. To save timeto len gthe n life.A. areB. wasC. were29. Therea football match and two table tennis matches betwee n Class Eight n ext week.A. will haveB. hasC. is going to be D. are gone to be30. The Chin esepeace but they aren 'tafraid of war.A. loveB. lovesC. lovedD. lovi ng31. -Thereno orange juice in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?-All right, Mum.A. isB. areC. wasD. were32. How time fli