流体力学词汇(部分)英汉对照

1、附录 流体力学词汇(部分)英汉对照Aabsolute pressure绝对压力acceleration加速度acceleration of gravity重力加速度acceleration of transport迁移加速度acoustic wave声波adhesive forces粘滞力, 附着力adiabatic flow绝热流动airfoil翼型angle of attack冲角angular velocity角速度apparent shear stresses表面剪切应力apparent stresses表面应力Archimedes law阿基米德定律atmospheric press

2、ure大气压axial-flow轴向流动Axisymmetric around cylinder no circulation ideal flow轴对称绕圆柱体无环流理想流动Bback pressure背压baroclinic fluid斜压流体barometer气压计barotropic fluid正压流体Bernoullis equation伯努利方程blade叶片body-force质量力boundary condition边界条件boundary layer边界层，附面层boundary layer separation边界层分离boundary layer thickness附面层

3、厚度bulk modulus体积模量bulk stress体积应力bundle of streamline流束buoyant force浮力butter layer过渡层CCauchy-Reimam condition柯西黎曼条件center of pressure压强中心coefficient系数coefficient of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of eddy viscosity涡流粘性系数coefficient of viscosity粘度粘性系数cohesive forces粘附力combined boundary layer组合边界层compl

4、etely rough zone of turbulent pipe flow紊流粗糙管平方阻力区component velocity合速度compressibility压缩性compressible fluid可压缩流体conservation equation of energy能量守恒方程conservation equation of mass质量守恒方程conservation of mechanical energy机械能守恒conservation of moment of momentum动量矩守恒conservation of momentum动量守恒continuity连续

5、性continuum连续介质continuum hypothesis连续介质假设control surface控制面control volume控制体（积）convective acceleration迁移加速度convergent-divergent nozzle缩放喷嘴converging nozzle收缩喷嘴correction coefficient修正系数critical pressure临界压强critical Reynolds number临界雷诺数critical speed of sound临界声速critical state临界状态cross section横截面curva

6、ture radius曲率半径curved shock曲面波cylindrical coordinate system柱坐标系Ddeformation velocity变形速度density密度detachment脱体differential pressure差压，压差，压力降dimensionless number无量纲数displacement thickness位移厚度distribution分布disturbance wave扰动波doublet偶极子drag coefficient阻力系数dynamic pressure动压强dynamic similarity动力相似性dynami

7、c viscosity动力粘度Eeddy zone涡流区eddying flow涡(紊旋)流efficiency效率elastic wave弹性波elevation head位置水头energy of turbulence湍能enthalpy焓entropy熵equation of continuity连续性方程equation of energy能量方程equation of moment of momentum动量矩方程equation of motion运动方程equation of state状态方程equilibrium平衡Eulerian equation欧拉方程Euler met

8、hod欧拉方法Euler's formula欧拉公式Ffield场flow coefficient流量系数flow meter流量表，流量计flow net流网flow pattern流型fluctuating pressure脉动压力fluctuating stress脉动应力fluid流体fluid dynamics流体动力学fluid field流场fluid machinery流体机械fluid mechanics流体力学fluid particle流体质点fluid statics流体静力学free surface自由表面friction coefficient摩擦系数fri

9、ction drag摩擦阻力frictionless fluid无粘性流体Ggas constant气体常数gas dynamics气体动力学gauge pressure表压力geometric pressure几何压力geometric similarity几何相似gradual contraction渐缩gradual enlargement渐扩Hharmonic function调和函数headloss压头损失heat transfer传热Helmholtz equation亥姆霍兹方程heterogeneous fluid非均质流体homogeneous fluid均质流体horizo

10、ntal force水平力horizontal line水平线hydraulic diameter水力直径hydraulically smooth zero of turbulent pipe flow紊流光滑管区hydrostatics流体静力学hydrostatics force流体静压力hydrostatics stress流体静应力hypersonic flow高超音速流动 (m>5)Iincompressible fluid不可压缩流体inertial coordinate system惯性坐标系initial condition初始条件input输入intensity of

11、turbulence紊流（强）度interface分界面internal energy内能internal friction内摩擦inviscid fluid无粘性流体irrotational flow无旋流动irrotational motion无旋运动isentropic process定熵过程isotropic flow均质流动isotropic fluid均质流体KKarman qotex street卡门涡街kinematic energy动能kinematic moleculer theory分子运动论kinematic similarity运动相似性kinematic visco

12、sity运动粘度Kutta-Joukowski theorem库塔儒可夫斯基定理LLagrange method拉格朗日方法Lagrangian viewpoint拉格朗日观点laminar boundary layer层流边界层laminar flow层流laminar sublayer层流底层Laplace operator拉普拉斯算子Laplace's equation拉普拉斯方程Laval nozzle拉伐尔喷管lift升力linear acceleration线性加速度linear velocity线速度liquid液体liquid fluid流体local accelera

13、tion当地加速度MMach angle马赫角Mach cone马赫锥Mach number马赫数mass质量mass flowrate质量流量material derivative随体导数mean-time-average velocity时均速度mechanical energy机械能mercury水银minor loss局部阻力mixing-length theory混合长理论moment of momentum动量矩momentum integral relation动量积分关系式momentum thickness动量厚度moody diagram莫迪图move velocity平移

14、速度multi-phase flow多相流流动NNavier-stokes equation纳维斯托克斯（N-S）方程near wall region近壁区Neuton's viscosity law牛顿粘性定律Newtonian fluid牛顿流体no sources and sinks无源无汇node节点non-steady flow非定常流动non-uniform非均匀流动nonviscous fluid非粘性流体normal direction法向normal line法线normal shock wave正激波normal stress法向应力Ooblique shock斜激

15、波one-dimensional compressible flow一维可压缩流动one-dimensional flow一维流动one order tensor一阶张量open channel flow明渠流动open system开口系统order of magnitude量级orifice孔口orifice plate孔板output输出Pparallel flow层流流动parameter参数particle path质点轨迹path line迹线perfect gas理想气体pipe flow管流Pitot-static tube皮托静压管Pitot tube皮托管plane flo

16、w平面流动plane jet平面射流point of inflextion拐点point of transition过渡点potentional energy势能Potential flow势流power功率Prandtl mixing length普朗特混合长度Prandtl number普朗特数pressure differential压差pressure drag压差阻力pressure field压强场pressure force压力pressure gage压强计pressure gradient压强梯度pressure head压强水头pressure wave压力波Qquantu

17、m mechanics量子力学quasi-static process准静态过程quasi-steady theory准定常理论Rradial velocity经向速度ratio of specific heats比热比real fluid粘性流体real gas真实气体，实际气体rectangular coordinate system直角坐标系reduced Navier-Stokes equation简化纳维斯托克斯方程Reynolds number雷诺数resonance共振Reynolds stress雷诺应力rotation velocity旋转速度rotational flow有

18、旋流动rough-pipe zone of flow流动的光滑管区roughness粗糙度Ssame mass flow均质流secondary flow二次流流动separation point分离点sharp-crested weir尖顶堰shear stress剪切力shear deformation剪切变形shock wave激波similarity相似性sink汇siphon虹吸管skin(or wall) friction表面（或壁）摩擦（力）small perturbance小扰动sonic barrier声障sonic flow声速流动sound wave声波source源sp

19、ecific force of gravity比重specific heat比热speed of sound声速spherical coordinate system球坐标系Stokes' viscosity law斯托克斯粘性定律stress tenser应力张量stress应力stagnation point驻点stagnation pressure驻点压强stagnation temperature驻点温度standard atmosphere标准大气压static pressure静压强steady flow定常流动strain rate tensor变形速度张量streaml

20、ine流线stream function流函数streamline form流线形streamtube流管Strouhal number斯特劳哈尔数subcritical flow亚临界流动subsonic flow亚声速流动supercritical flow超临界流动supersonic flow超声速流动surface force表面力surface tension表面张力Ttemperature gradient温度梯度tensor张量theory of similarity相似性理论thermal conductivity热传导率thermal field温度场thin-plate

21、orifice flowmeter薄孔板流量计total drag总阻力total flow总流量total pressure总压强traction force拉力transformation转换transonic flow跨音速流动transport theorem输运定理triangular weir三角堰turbo-machinery涡轮机械turbulent boundary layer湍流(紊流)边界层turbulent energy湍流(紊流)能量turbulent flow紊流turbulent jet湍流(紊流)射流two-dimensional flow二维流动UU - tu

22、beU 型管uniform flow均匀流动unit vector单位矢量unsteady flow非定常流动Vvelocity速度velocity circulation速度环量velocity gradient速度梯度velocity head速度水头velocity of sound音速velocity potential速度势Venturi flowmeter文丘里流量计vertical force垂直力viscous sublayer层流底层viscosity粘度viscosity factor粘度系数viscosity resistance粘性阻力viscous fluid粘性流体

23、volume of flow流量volume flow容积流量von Karman integral momentum equation卡门动量积分方程vortex涡旋vortex flow涡流vortex line涡线vortex street涡街vortex strength涡强度vortex tube涡管vorticity涡量Wwake vortex尾涡流wave drag波阻wave length波长wave speed波速well-ordered mean-time-average flow有序时均流wind tunnel风洞woke尾涡区work功附录 常用单位换算一、长度的换算米

24、（m）厘 米（cm）英 尺（ft）英 寸（in）备 注110-20.30482.54×10-2100130.482.543.2808403.280840×10-218.333333×10-239.370080.39370081211ft=12in=30.48cm1m=100cm=39.37008in1in=25.4mm=2.54cm二、面积的换算米2（m2）厘 米2（cm2）毫 米2（mm2）英 尺2（ft2）英 寸2（in2）备 注110-410-69.290304×10-26.4516×10-4104110-2929.03046.45160

25、01061001929.0304×102645.160010.763911.076391×10-31.076391×10-516.944444×10-31550.0030.15500031.550003×10-314411m2=104cm2=106mm2 =1550.003in21ft2=144in2=929.0304cm21in2=6.4516cm2三、体积（液量）的换算米3（m3）升（公制）（L）厘 米3（cm3）英 尺3（ft3）加仑（英）（UKgal）加仑（美）（USgal）110-310-62.831685×10-24.546087×10-33.7854