新概念二Lesson_38_知识点整理

1、Lesson 38必记单词学习常考短语目经典句型标全重点语法解Everything except the weather唯独没有考虑到天气exceptprep. 除了continuallyadv. 不断地bitterlyadv. 刺骨地complainv.抱怨sunshinen.阳光Mediterraneann. 地中海retirev. 退休hardlyadv. 几乎不settle down安顿，定居dream of梦想，幻想，向往complain about 抱怨get a shock震惊，惊奇think of考虑到as if好像，似乎even though即使（引导让步状语从句）1. He

2、 had no sooner returned than he bought a house.2. In the end, it was more than he could bear.3. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock.4. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.5. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.6. Almost immediately he bega

3、n to complain about the weather, for even though .1. no sooner.than.一 就 hardly when几乎来不及 就主语 had no sooner done + than+-般过去时的句子主语 had hardly done + when+一般过去时的句子例： He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.还没等安顿下来他就卖了房子离开了这个国家。I had no sooner arrived home than

4、 it began to rain.我刚一到家就下雨了。He had no sooner seen her than he fell in love with her.他一见到她就爱上她了。-I had no sooner hung up than it rang again.我刚挂断电话，电话又响了。注：当 no sooner和 hardly 位于句首时，后面的主谓结构都要颠倒顺序，即句子变为no sooner/hardly +助动词+主语+动词形式的语序。例： Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚一开始就被告诉停下来。No so

5、oner had I arrived home than it began to rain. 我刚一到家就下雨了。重点语法2 .过去完成时(a). 过去完成时结构： had+过去分词 (v.-ed)(b). 过去完成时定义：过去某一时刻之前发生的事，也就是“过去的过去 ”。过去完成时是一个相对的时态，它不能离开过时间而独立存住。过去完成时经常与一般过去时连用，表示过去某个动作发生前完成的动作。(c). 与过去完成时连用的表示时间的词或词组有when， after，as soon as，(not) until ，by that time，(never) before，already，for ，s

6、ince， just， no sooner than，hardly when等。过去完成时不能与副词 ago 连用（ ago 只与一般过去时连用） 。例：He hadnt finished it by yesterday evening. 到昨天晚上他还没做完He had lived in Scotland for fifteen years before he came toEngland.在他来到英格兰之前，他曾在苏格兰住了15 年。She said she had never been to Paris她.说她从未去过巴黎。 We ve planted thousands of tree

7、s in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。1. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. 过去他常幻想退休后到英国，并计划在乡间安顿下来。(a). dream of sth. /doing sth梦.想做某事例： I am always dreaming of living in Spain.我总是梦想着居住在西班牙。He dreams of becoming a millionaire他.梦想着成为百万富翁。教材全解

8、空想家a day dream白日梦拓展：dreamera waking dream白日梦a fond dream黄粱梦(b). settle down 定居，安身，安顿例： I want to get married and settle down.我想结婚安顿下来。settle for 勉强接受例： We reached the hotel late and had to settle for a room without aview. 我们到旅馆时已很晚， 只好勉强要了一间看不到风景的房间。(c). in the country 乡下，乡间country1)国家例： He sold the

9、 house and left the country.他卖了房子离开了这个国家。2)乡村，乡下例： He had planned to settle down in the country.他计划着在乡村定居下来。countryside 农村例： The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful.维也纳乡村的景色非常优美。2. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. 他刚一回英国便买下了一幢房子住了进去。解析：no sooner than 一

10、 就 （关联词，引导时间状语从句，主句里常用过去完成时， than 后面的从句用一般过去时）例： I had no sooner finished eating than I went to the toilet.注： no sooner放在句首时，前半句的助动词和主语需要倒装。例： No sooner had I finished eating than I went to the toilet.教材全解3. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summ

11、er, it rained continually and itwas often bitterly cold. 但紧接着他就抱怨那里的天气了，因为即使那时仍为夏季，但雨总是下个不停，而且常常冷的厉害。(a). almost immediately 几乎马上 , 很快地 (时间上的快 , 常用于写作 )for（连词）表示因为 (解释说明 , 附加的 )because 因为（一定要说的原因），for 与 because不同， for 不能用于句首，并且在for 后面必须重复主语： I don t have a car, for I caneven though =even if即使，虽然（让步状

12、语从句） t afford it.例： Even though he worked hard, he failed in the exam.即使她学习很努力，但考试还是没及格。(b). complain about the weather 抱怨天气complainv1)（常做贬义）抱怨，投诉，发牢骚complain about/of抱怨某事complain to sb. about sth 对某人抱怨complain to sb. at sth 对某人抱怨某事complain of.诉说（病，痛等）complain of a toothache牙疼2)（正式地）投诉例： We complain

13、ed to the police about the noise from the bar.我们向警方投诉来自酒吧的噪音。拓展：complaint n.1)u 抱怨，埋怨，不满You have no reason for complaint.你没什么理由好抱怨的。2)C 中诉，控诉They are full of complaints about their labor conditions.关于劳动条件他们牢骚一大堆。(c). continually adv. 频繁地，屡次地，反复地例： He was continually late for work. 他一再地迟到 .比较 : They

14、chattered continuously for an hour.他们整整唠叨一小时了。教材全解continuously 连续不断地，不间断地辨析： continual, continuous, continue易混词辨 析例 句继续，持续（用The discussion continued after a于 不中 断的 继 break.续或中断后的休息一会后讨论继续。continue v.继续） continueHow can you continue workingdoing/continuewith so much noise?to do sth 继续有这么大噪音，你怎么能继续做某事

15、工作呢？continualadj.continuallyadv.1) 再 重 复的2)连续的continual 指 “中间有间断，但持续很久，好像没continual complaints 频频的抱怨continual invitations 频频的邀请continual rain连续不停的雨You need continual practice.有停止的意味 ”你需要持续的锻炼。continuouscontinuous （ 时a continuous line of cars 络绎不adj.间上，空间上）绝的汽车continuousl连续的，指 “中continuous rain 连绵不断的

16、雨yadv.间没有间断，但持续某段时间后可能会停下来The river flows under his bridge continuously. 河水不停地从桥下流过。(d). bitteradj.1)苦味的a bitter taste 一种苦的味道例： The coffee was too bitter to drink.这个咖啡太苦了没法喝。拓展：taste(味道 )：sour（酸的、sweet（甜的）、 bitter（苦的）、hot（辣的）、 salty（咸的）2)痛苦的，令人悲伤的a bitter life痛苦的一生a bitter experience痛苦的经历bitter tear

17、s痛苦的泪水例： She has a bitter memory.她有一段痛苦的回忆。3)严寒的a bitter winter 寒冷的冬天bitterlyadv. 苦苦地，惨痛地，严寒地教材全解例： He was bitterly disappointed. 他极度的失望。be bitterly cold刺骨的寒冷bitternessn痛苦Who goes through the happiness and bitterness with me?谁和我同甘共苦呢？4. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. 在阳光下生活了那

18、么多年的哈里森对此感到惊奇。(a). sunshine n.1)阳光 U例： a drop of sunshine一缕阳光（a drop of一缕）Cats like lying down in the sunshine在.阳光下下晒太阳2)晴天，好天气 u例： After rain comes sunshine（.谚）雨过天晴，苦尽甘来3)快活，开朗Her presence always gives sunshine to all of us.她的出现总是让我们很开心。a ray of sunshine 线-光明（希望）拓展：sunrise 日出 dawn黎明sunset日落twilight

19、黄昏(b). get a shock大吃一惊类似： get a surprise吃了一惊get a fright吓了 跳get a shock大吃一惊5. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. 他的举动就好像他从未在英国生活过一样。as if(a)像 一样（同 as though）as if从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了

20、。(b) as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：（ 1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。例： You look as if you didnt t. care教材全解你看上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she was.他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。（ 2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词 ”。例： He talks about Rome as if he had been there before他说起罗马来好像

21、他以前去过罗马似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。（ 3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用 “ would/could/might+ 动词原形 ”。例： He opened his mouth as if he would say something他张开嘴好像要说什么。It looks as if it might snow.看来好像要下雪了。6. In the end, it was more than he could bear. 最后，他再也忍受不了了。解析： m

22、ore than 在这里表示 “超过的范围 ”It was more than I could understand. 这超出了我所能理解的范围。I can't afford it. It was more than I can afford.这种用法与它通常表示 “比更多 ”的用法稍有不同：There were more than ten people in the room.房间里超过十个人。7. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. 他还没等安顿下来就卖

23、掉了房子，离开了这个国家。(a). hardlywhen还没来得及就，用法同 nosooner than.类似，即 hardly had sb. done when . (hardly 在句首, 要倒装 )例： He had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out. （knock out : 打晕 , 击倒）他还没来得及睁开眼睛， 就被打晕了。(b). have time to do sth.有时间做某事have a good time doing sth.8. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.哈里森把每件事情都考虑到了，唯独没想到天气。(a). 辨析：except, except for, except that,apartfrom,but,besides易混词exceptprep.教材全解exceptforexceptthatapartfrombutprep.辨 析用作介词，意为“除、之外”（在整体中除去一部分）。其判别标志是：除去的与保留的不是同一类别。except that 后可引导句子1) 除之 外（别无）2) 除之 外（尚有）同 except, 但except 比 but 的意思更明确，表示