初中非谓语动词专项复习.

1、非谓语动词专项复习考点知识精讲非谓语动词包括动名词、 分词和不定式， 没有人称和数的变化， 但可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以和助动词结合构成进行时、完成时和被动语态。构成句子成分不定式to 动词原除谓语外的任何成分有将要之形意现 在 分分词doing表语 宾语 定语 状语主动、进行词过 去 分词done表语 宾语 定语 状语被动、完成动名词doing主语 宾语 表语 定语表一般情况考点一不定式1不定式的基本形式 是 to动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化， 在句中也不能作谓语， 动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。My father asked

2、 me not to read in bed.我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。2不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。(1) 作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，构成下列结构：It is adj for sb to do sth,( 此结构中不能说sb is adj)It is adj ofsb to do sth.(此结构中可以说sb is adj)或者： It is+ 名词 +to do sth.It's important (for us) to protect the environ

3、ment.(对我们来说 )保护环境是很重要的。注：当在 kind ， good， nice， clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。It's very kind of_you_to_help_me.你帮助我真是太好啦。(2) 作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语（V+sb +to do sth ），如：1)want,wouldlike,wish,hope,expect,help,learn,agree,manage,offer,plan=make a plan, promise, refuse,be+情感类 adj+ to do sth, cantwait, g

4、et/be ready to do, taketurns,try/do one s best , decide=make a decision, choose, fail, prepare, afford,2)pretend, arrange, beg, care, demand,determine, fear, deserve,例如： Would you like to_see_a_film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在 find ， think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to_read_English_ev

5、ery_day.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3) 宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio. 后面可以接动词不定式做宾补的动词有（露西要他关小收音机的音量。V+sb to do sth ）： allow,want, would like,ask, tell,encourage, expect, wish, get, help,warn 不带to的动词不定式也可以做宾补（V+sb do sth ）这类 V 有使让动词 make ,let, have 等，另外还有感官动词如， see, watch, hear

6、, feel, find , notice 等(4) 作定语（中考不考）动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of homework to_do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。Weihai is a good place to_live_in. 威海是一个居住的好地方。(5) 作状语Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_her_daughter.( 目的 )王太太去上海看她女儿。We're glad to_meet_you here. (原因 )我们很高兴在这见到你。He

7、 is too tired to_work_on.( 结果 )他太累了而不能继续工作。（ 6）做表语。 My dream is to be a scientist.3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。They told us not_to_play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。4不定式常和疑问词 what， which ， when， where，how 连用 ，相当于一个宾语从句。 He didn't know where_to_go. (where to go where he should go) 他不知道去哪里。5. 两个动词不定

8、式并列 ，第二个动词不定式常省略考点二动名词动名词由动词原形 ing 构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。1作主语 ，动词做主语常用动名词形式，且后面的谓语动词用单数Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对身体健康有害。注：动名词和动词不定式作主语， 在许多情况下可以通用， 但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2作表语 ，如：My mother's job is raising chicken.我母亲的工作是养鸡。3作宾语 ，只能

9、接V-ing1 ）， Enjoy,finish,做宾语的动词有： （ V+doing ， doing 做宾语）mind,cant stand,bebusy,keep(on),feellike,havefun/trouble/difficulty/problemsin-,practice, finish,give up, consider,put off,suggest,missimagine, canthelp/stop ， be worth, avoid, miss, end up, allow, be/get used to(2）， Forgive,delay,escape,如： I do

10、n't mind listening to that story again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。习惯于)4作定语 。放在名词前，说明该名词的功能或用途时。如swimming pool,living room,sleeping bag,hiding place 等如：Let's join the singing group.让我们加入合唱队吧。5后既可以接动名词， 也可接动词不定式的动词有 love，like，prefer ，begin，start，continue，remember， try， stop， forget ，hate， need， allow ， go o

11、n 等。1）下列词的用法需要辨析1)need to do sth,need doing=need to be done2)remember/forget to do sth,remember/forget doing sth3)stop to do sth,stop doing sth4)try to do sth,努力去做某事try doing sth 试着去做某事5)mean to do( 打算、想 )mean doing sth（意味着）6)allow sb to do sth=sb allowed to do sthallow doing sth.7) go on to do sth.

12、 做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事2）记住下列词的用法1)used to do sthbe/get used to doing sthbe used to do sth2)prefer doing sth to doing sthprefer to do sth rather than do sthwould rather do sth than do sth=would do sth rather than do sth3) There is no need for sb to do sth4)sb have time to do sth5)

13、too+adj/adv+ to do sthso-that-(such-that-);not-enough (for sb) to do sth6) It is adjfor/ofsb to do sth,It is best for sb to do sthIt is time for sb to do sthIt takes sb some time to do sth6、介词后如果接动词，应该用动名词形式。尤其注意一些含有介词的一些词组，eg，1)what/how about-? have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems in-, instead of,b

14、e good at=do well in,by+ doing sth,spend-(in) doing sth, feel like,get/be used to,prefer doing to doing,devote oneself to- 致力于 - ，献身于-keep.from ，stop.from ，make a contribution to ，be afraid of ，be proud of ，be used for，be interested in2) succeed in doing sth,be fond of,pay attention to,make a contri

15、bution to,devote oneself to- ,insist on ， look forward to7当 need，require ， want 作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式The window needs cleaning. The window needs to be cleaned. 那扇窗户需要被清洗。不要让我们等得太久。我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。放学后他要去理发。，或后面（词组）考点三分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词ing ”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词 ed”，但也有不规则的形式。2分词的句法功能功能例 句说

16、明Do you know the girl standing under定语 the tree?分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗？The students went out ofthe分词的逻辑主语是句子的主句主状语 classroom，talking and laughing.语。学生们谈笑着走出了教室。The boy is too frightened to move.现在分词表示主语的性质、 特征；表语这个男孩太害怕了以至于不能动过去分词表示某种状态。了。Don't keep us waiting for a long time.现在分词作补足

17、语，被补足的宾不要让我们等得太久。语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关I heard him singing in the classroom.补足语系 )；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关He'll have his hair cut after school.放系 )学后他要去理发。注：1、作定语或表语。 现在分词表示 “令人 的” ，主语一般是物； 过去分词表示 “感到 的”，主语一般是人。这类动词有interste,surprise, excited 等He is surprised to hear the news.他听到那个

18、消息感到很吃惊。news is surprising. 那个消息令人吃惊。2作宾补 。 V+sb +doing （现在分词做宾补） ，这类 V 有：感官动词 (包括 find和 notice)， there be,keep 等Don't keep us waiting for a long time.I heard him singing in the classroom.He'll have his hair cut after school.3作定语 。放在名词的前面（单个的词）1）现在分词做定语表示主动或正在进行，如the sleeping boythe boy sitt

19、ing under the tree2）动词的过去分词做定语表示被动或完成表示被动，如：the poems written by Li Bai或表示完成，如，the developed countriesthe developing countriesthe money made by my parentsthe risen sun（表示完成）the rising sun （表示正在进行）4.作状语。 如 The boy came into the classroom, singing pop songs.(表示伴随，做伴随状语)考点四，其它1.辨析：(1)有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可

20、，但意义稍有差别。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事Stop thinking ， please.请停止思考。Stop to_think about it for a moment. 停下来想一会儿。remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事（动作以发生）I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出 )Please remember to_post my letter请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出 )forget t

21、o do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作以发生）I forgot to_bring_my_homework.我忘记带作业了。(没带作业 )I forgot bringing_my_homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来 )try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.试着去做某事He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。Please try to_do better next time.下次设法做得更好些。go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另

22、外一件事go on doing sth.继续不停地做某事Go on to_do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一会儿之后，我们继续做练习。allow doing sth.允许做某事allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事We don't allow smoking here.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。We don't allow students to_go out on scho

23、ol days. 上学时，我们不允许学生外出。2.现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别（即区别 V+sb do sth 和 V+sb doing sth ）。我们常见的动词如： see，watch， notice， hear，feel ，have 等，它们接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。 (“唱”这个动作正在进行 )I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束

24、 )3. 易混句式 have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth. have sth.to do 和 have sth.done的区别。 have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事” ， have 可以用 let， make 代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事” ， have 可以用 keep 代替，现在分词 (doing) 这个

25、动作往往具有持续进行的含义。The two men had the boy running all night long.那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。 have sth. done 意为“让他人做某事” ，即 ask sb.else to do sth.。过去分词 (done)这个动作由他人 (即非主语本身 ) 来完成，且含有被动意义。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。 have sth.to do 意为“主语自己还有某事要做” 这个动作由主语本身完成，且含有主动意义。I have much homework to d

26、o.4. 不带 to 的动词不定式做宾补（V+sb do sth）这类 V 有使让动词make ,let, have 等，另外还有感官动词如，see, watch, hear, feel, find ,notice 等5.一些句型后常加动词原形情态动词后常接动词原形， egwhy not do sth?=why don Could I/you do sth?tyou do sth?shall we do sth?could/would you please do sth?will you do sth?实战演练（一）1.Why not_ your teacher for help when y

27、ou canfinisht _it byyourself?A. ask, writeB. to ask, writingC. ask, writingD. asking, write2. Hi, Tom! Can you tell me whenfor London? Yes, tomorrow afternoon.A. leavingB. leavesC. to leaveD. are you leaving3. May I listen to the music here, Mr. White? Sorry, you d betterit like that.A. not to doB.

28、not doC. don t doD. not do to4.More and more young people are trying to do something _ the old.A. servedB. to serveC. serveD. serves5.The fruit salad tastes delicious. Could you tell me _ ?A. where to do itB. when to do itC. what to doD. how to do it6.Peter is busy _ at school, but he never forgets

29、_exercise every day.A. working, doingB. working, to doC. at work, do7.-Why did you buy a radio?-_ English.A. LearnB. LearningC. To learnD. Be learning8.-Do you know Neil Armstrong?-Yes, He is the first man _ on the moon.A. walkB. walksC. to walkD. walked9. Have you made up your mind _the sick kids?B

30、y singing songs.A. what to tellB. how to cheer upC. when to helpD. where to look after10.The doctor did what he could_ the dying man.A. saveB. to saveC. savedD. saving11.The global financial crisis(金融危机 ) has made many people_ their money.A. to care for B. took care of C. be careful with D. to be ca

31、red about 12.Mum, can I have something_?Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is_ in the kitchen.A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else13.We must do everything we can _ waste water from running into rivers.A. keepB. keptC. to

32、keep D. keeping 。14.My roommate often asks me _ her to play chess.A. teachB. teachingC. to teach15.He ll use what he has _ her a new dress.A. boughtB. to buyC. buyingD. been bought16Xiao Li said she would rather _ join us.A. did notB. to notC. notD. not to17.The old lady didn t know _ when the house

33、 caughte. firA. how to doB. how to do itC. what to doD. what to do it。18.The teacher asked Ben _ a difficult question in class.A. answerB. answeringC. to answerD. answered19.Everyone should know _ to save themselves when a fire breaks out.A. whetherB. whatC. whenD. how。20.-What should we do to fight

34、 A/H1N1 flu?-We should wash hands often, avoid _ to crowded places and so on.A. goB. goingC. goneD. to go21.The woman made his son _ finally after she told him some jokes.A. laughedB. to laughC. laughD. laughing22.When we practice speaking English，we often end up_ in ChineseA to speakB. speakingC. s

35、pokenD. speak23.There are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop. We cant decide_ .A. what to buyB. to buy whatC. which to buyD. to buy which 。24.-How about _in the river with us?-Sorry I can tMyparents often tell me_ thatA. swim, don t doB. swim, to doC. swimming, not doD. swimming, not to do。25_more abo

36、ut tomorrow s weather, call 121. OK, I will. Thank you.A. KnowB. KnowingC. To knowD. Known26.-Don t forget _ my parents when you arein Beijing.-OK! I won t.A. to seeB. seesC. seeing27.If the question _ incorrectly, _ question will be given to you.A. is answered, otherB. answer, otherC. is answered,

37、anotherD. answer, another28.-My football socks are _ out.-How long have you _ them?A. worn, boughtB. wearing, hadC. wearing, boughtD. worn, had29. Your English is pretty good! How about _ some advice to me? With pleasure.A. giveB. givesC. giving30. Please remember _ the lights when you leave the roo

38、m. OK, I will.A. turn offB. to turn offC. turning off. The boy is looking forward toa good time after the exam.A. to haveB. hasC. havingD. have31. The teacher told the students_ any food into the computer room.A. not to bringB. not bringC. don t bringD. bring not32. We don't have much homework t

39、his weekend. Shall we go out together?OK. What about _ a movie?A. to seeB seeingC. to seeD. sees33. There are so many kinds of computers in the shop. I really don't know _ to choose.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where34. I d like you _ for a picniwith us.A. goB. to goC. goingD. went35As teenagers，we r

40、e old enough _ with houseworkWe can help set thetable，wash the dishes and clean our own roomsA to helpBhelpingChelped36.Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby _.A. to stop cryingB. stop cryingC. to stop to cryD. stop to cry37.-What are on show in the museum?-Some photos _by the children of Y

41、ushu, Qinghai.A. have been takenB.were takenC. are takenD. taken38.We have two rooms _, but I can t decide _.A. to live, to choose which oneB. lived, choose which oneC. to live in, which one to chooseD. live, which one39.Why not _ an English club to practice _ English?A. to join; to speakB. join; sp

42、eakingC. join; to speakD. to join; speaking40.James, I m too tired. Let s stop _ a rest.A. havingB. haveC. to havingD. to have41. Are you going to Tibet for vacation? Yes. I want you to _ me with some information about it.A offer B give Cshow Dprovide 42 Father often tells me too much time on comput

43、er games. A don t spend B not spend C not to spend D not spending43At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat onlineA createBcreatesCcreating44. I can t decide _.You mean the purple sweater or the blue one?A. how to go thereB. who to go withC. where to visitD. which to choose。D

44、 created45.How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _.A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home实战演练（二）1. I m thirsty. Will you get me something _?A. drinkB. to drinkC. eatD. eating2. It was great fun

45、_ a picnic on the hill.A. to haveB. of havingC. haveD. had3. It s bad for your eyes _putercom games for a long time.A. playsB. to playC. playD. played4. -Do you often hear John _ in his room?-Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room.A. sing; to singB. singing; singingC. sing; singingD. to sing

46、; singing5. Why not _?A. let him to go homeB. to let him go homeC. let him go homeD. to let him to go home6. They were made _ fourteen hours a day.A. workB. workingC. workedD. to work7. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them?A. makingB. makeC. to makeD. made8. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the

47、 math problem yesterday.A. took; to work outB. takes; worked outC. has taken; work outD. is taking; working out9. When you leave, don t forget _ off the light.A. to turnB. turningC. turnD. turned10. Who do you think you d like _?A. to make friendsB. make friendsC. to make friends with D. make friend

48、s with11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often.A. to eatB. not eatC. to not eatD. not to eat12.-Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?-This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday.A. to doB. done C. doD. to be done13. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning.A. to wr

49、iteB. to write withC. writingD. writing with14.John asked David how _ Christmas.A. celebrating B. to celebrateC. to be celebrated D. celebrate15. We all considered Mr Zhao _ teacher.A. be the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best16. It s very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag.A. for; tell; to takeB. of; thank; forC. to; speak; to haveD. of; help; carry17.Have you decided _?A. to go with whomB. whom