高中英语语法填空技巧讲解篇(共5页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上按设题类型分为三类情况：(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如：例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. 解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代

2、the message用代词it。技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。如：例2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. 解析：名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。例3the head of the village was tying up his

3、horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定语；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。例4 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house. (2007年广东高考)

4、解析：因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例5from two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _34_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析：因与Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并

5、列关系，应填and。 例6all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)解析：因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and。技巧5：若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。例7 I wanted to see as much of

6、the city as possible in the two days _32_I was to return to Guangzhou. 解析：因I wanted to是一个句子，I was to return也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before。技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。例9What is acceptable in

7、one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another. 解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。例10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring ho

8、me a regular salary.解析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不附，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语表示强调的助动词did(的确) 技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it isthat强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。如：例11 and _40_was only after I heard she became sick that I

9、learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! 解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。如：例12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析：由can you expect to可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要

10、用倒装。(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：例13 as _32_took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists (2008年佛山二模)解析：it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。例14Dating sites also make _36_easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 解析

11、：由句式结构可知，to avoid是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。(4)so /suchthat句型。如：例15 This made the goat so jealous _34_it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. 解析：是sothat句型，应填that。(5)morethan (与其说不如说，比更)句型。如：例16Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pay

12、s. 解析：是morethan句型，故填that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态主谓一致。例17His fear of failure _36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 解析：因主语His fear

13、 of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。例18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _40_ (close) my book and walked away. 解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。例19 In Logan,

14、 three people _38_ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing形式、ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：例20 but it is

15、not enough only _35_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。例21 _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有谓语wont make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。如：例22 _ (complete) the

16、project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。例23 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _33_ (succeed). 解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动

17、词不定式，故填to succeed。(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词;是被动关系，用过去分词。如：例24 He saw the stone, _37_ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。 例25 The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与

18、之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词followed作伴随状语。(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing形式，是被动关系用ed形式。如：例26 There will be a meeting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. 解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。例27 Lessons _39_ (learn) in sports can he

19、lp us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned/learnt。(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：例28 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系动词felt后

20、作表语，用形容词，故填silent。例29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。例30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。技巧11：作主语、在及物

21、动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：例31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。例32 These people have made great

22、_39_ (contribute) to China with their work. 解析：作及物动词have made的宾语，用名词；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。例33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading.解析：因with是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information。技巧12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：例34 the remains date from this

23、 period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere. 解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。例35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。技巧13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：例36  As I looked

24、_32_ (close) at this girl, I fount that 解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。例37 There must be something _40_ (serious) wrong with our society. 解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。例38Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _33_ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time 解析：修饰because引

25、导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。技巧14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un, im等，在词根后加less等。如：例39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。例40 Your mistake caused