初一英语上知识点总结

1、一、词(一名词1、名词的复数(1、一般的直接加s,如 desk(desks、pen(pens 、ruler(rulers(2、以 x 、s、ch、sh结尾的加 es如 box(boxes、class(classes、watch(watches等(3、以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i加es, 如 family ,comedy,documentary等(4、以0结尾的名词,有生命的加es如:tomato(tomatoes 、potato (potatoes ; 没有生命的加s,如photo(photos、piano(pianos、zero(zeros2、名词所有格在名词的后边加s ,表示后面的名词属

2、于前面的名词所有 , 如 LiLeis bag Toms desk 、her mothers brother3、专用名词的大写如 English、Brown 、Rush 、Sunday 、January 、December、 Beijing Opera(二动词1、动词的种类(四类系动词如 be(is am are;情态动词如 can 、may、need;助动词( do does;行为动词如 take 、bring、eat、have(has、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think 等2、动词的第三人称单数(与名词的复数一样如 e

3、at(eats take (takes buy (buys play (plays have(has are (is3、动词的时态(一般现在时( 1含有系动词的Im a Chinese boy .She is twelve .He is Tims brother .Her mother is an English teacher .含有系动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只将“主语和系动词交换位置”,上面句子变成一般疑问句时分别为Are you a Chinese boy ?(注意第一人称通常变为第二人称Is she twelve ?Is he Tims brother ?Is her mother

4、an English teacher ?含有系动词的句子在变否定句时只须“在系动词的后边加上not”,前面的几个了陈述句变否定句分别为Im not a Chinese boy.She isnt twelve .He is not Tims btother .Her mother isnt an English teacher .(2含有情态动词的句子( can ,She can play basketball.His mothers cousin can sing many English songs.含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“主语和情态动词交换位置”,上面两句变一般疑问句分别

5、为Can she play basketball ?Can his mothers cousin sing many English songs ?含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上not ,上面两个陈述句变否定句分别为She can not play basketball .His mothers cousin can not sing many English songs .(3含有行为动词的句子We have many friends.They watch TV at 7 in the evening .The students take their books to

6、 school .I have lunch at school .You have a sister .1 含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为Do you have many friends ?Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?Do the students take their books to school ?Do you have lunch at school ?Do you have a sister ?2 含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加dont .上述五个陈述句变否定句

7、分别为We dont have many friends.They dont watch TV at 7 in the evening .The students dont take their books to school .I dont have lunch at school .You dont have a sister .3 含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词要加s (或es如:She has a red pen .He has eggs for breakfast .Her mother buys a skirt for her .She likes thril

8、lers .My brother watches TV every evening .He wants to go to a movie .含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,变一般疑问句要“在原句子的前面加上does , 同时行为动词要还原”.上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为:Does she have a red pen ?Does he have eggs for breakfast ?Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?Does she like thrillers ?Does your brother watch TV every even

9、ing ?Does he want to go to a movie ?含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,变否定句时“在行为动词前面加doesnt , 同时原行为动词要还原”.上面的句子变否定句分别为:She doesnt have a red pen .He doesnt have eggs for breakfast .Her mother doesnt buy a skirt for her .She doesnt like thrillers .My brother doesnt watch TV every evening .He doesnt want to go to

10、a movie .(三形容词本册所学的形容词不多,注意拼法和反义词big (small long (short sad (happy boring (interestingfunny exciting difficultrelaxing great healthy old (new successful white (black(四代词1、人称代词和物主代词人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格 I we you you she he it they宾格 me us you you her him it them物主代词 my our your your her his

11、its their2、指示代词: this (these that (those3、不定代词 some someone4、疑问代词 who what how much how old (疑问副词:when where 5、反身代词 yourself(五数量词1、基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen2、序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth(六介词:本册的介词较少,主要

12、用在介词短语里面,如on:on sale (销售 on weekends (在周末 on April 8th, (在四月八日 on the desk (在桌子上 on TV (在电视上 in:in English (用英语 in the afternoon (在下午 in the case (在盒子里 T-shirt in red (红色T恤 be in the movie(出演这部电影 in September (在九月 be in our school music festival (参加我们学校的音乐节at:call sb.at 3356 (拨打3356找某人 at your schoo

13、l (在你们学校里 at Huaxing Clothes Store (在华兴服装店 at a very good price (以非常优惠的价格 at six (六点钟have a look at (看一看of:a set of (一串 the photo of your family (你的全家照 lots of =a lot of (许多 date of birth(birthday(生日with:with sb. (同某人一起 be good with (和相处得好 help sb. with sth. (帮助某人做某事for:thanks for =thank you for (谢谢

14、某人的. bag for sports (运动包 pants for $30 (卖30元的裤子 see for yourself (亲自看看 for girls (对女孩子来说 like sth. for lunch (喜欢吃当作午餐about:about Chinese history (有关中国历史under:under the desk (在桌子下面(七副词:除疑问副词外,本册的副词有only too very well often also really副词only often also really 等在句中的位置都是在行为动词前面或是系动词的后面.注意几组词的区别:1、too 和a

15、lso :too一般放在句子的末尾,also在行为动词前面或是系动词的后面.2、well 和 good :两个词都有“好”的意思,但well 是副词,而good 是形容词,well修饰动词,放在动词的后面,good 修饰名词,放在名词的前面.如play basketball wellspeak English well a good student Good morning(八冠词:只有不定冠词a (an和定冠词the 两个1、不定冠词a和an :a用在辅音前,如 a pen a chair an apple an egg an 用在元音前.an old teacher an English

16、book an action movie注意辅音字母第一个音是元音的情况:F H L M N S X这七个字母的第一个音是元音,在说一个以上字母时要用an ,如an“F” (一个F an “X” (一个X.同时注意字母U,它是元音字母,但它的第一个音是辅音,因此说一个U,应为 a “U” .2、定冠词the:当一个名词第二次出现时前面用the .注意在三餐饭(breakfast lunch dinner 前不用the ,月份和星期前都不用the ,体育活动的球类运动前面不用the .如:have dinner in January December Sunday play basketball

17、play tennis (volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball 在乐器的前面要用定冠词the .如:play the guitar (the violin the piano the drum (九连词:本册所学连词有and but or thenand 连接两个词或两个句子,表示前后的句子意思顺接.如:I like thrillers and I like action movies.but 连接两个句子,表示后面意思转折.如:He likes tomatoes but she doesnt like broccolis or 表示选择关系.如

18、:Can you play the piano or the violin?then表示动作的先后顺序.二、句子(句子的种类:句子分为四种即陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句.这里重点介绍疑问句和祈使句(一疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句 1、一般疑问句:见前面的动词部分.一般疑问句的回答用“yes”或“no”开头,用“yes”作肯定回答时后面不能出现“not”,用“no”作否定回答时后面要出现“not”.2、特殊疑问句:其结构为“特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句的结构”本册出现的特殊疑问句有1My name is Jim. Whats your name ? His name i

19、s Marry. Whats his name ? Her first name is Brow. What is her first name?2Her bag is on the bed . Wheres her bag ? The oranges are in the room. Where are the oranges?3My telephone number is 2975. What is your telephone number?4Im fine. How are you? She is fine. How is she?5Im fifteen years old. How

20、old are you?6This skirt is twelve dollars. How much is this skirt?These pants are 18 dollars. How much are these pants?7Her birthday is September 23rd. When is her birthday?8The apple is red. What color is the apple?Whats this in English?How do you spell this word?What kind of movies do you like?(二祈

21、使句:表示命令、请求.本册所学的祈使句类型有Spell it, please.Please take these things to your sister.Lets play ping-pong.(tennisbasketballvolleyballCome and buy your clothes.Have a look at Zig Zags Clothes Store.三、情景会话:本册出现的主要会话片段1、-Good morning! (afternoon evening !2、- Nice to meet you!-Good morning! (afternoon evening

22、! - Nice to meet you!3、-Good-bye!4、-Hello, Frank!-Good-bye! (Bye-bye -Hello, Eric!5、-How are you?6、-Whats your name?-Fine, thanks. How are you? -My name is Jim.- Im fine, too. (Im OK. 8、-Whats this in English? 7、- Whats her first (lastfamilygivenname? -Its a map.-Its John. -Spell it,please.(How do y

23、ou spell it? -M-A-P 9、-Whats this in English? 10、-Is this (that your pencil?-Its an orange. - Yes, it is. its my pencil.-What color is it? -(No, it isnt. its her pencil.-Its red. 11、-Where is my computer game? 12、-Do you have a TV? -Its under the bed. -Yes, I do. (No, I dont. -(I dont know. -Does he

24、 have a tennis tacket? -Yes, he does. (No, he doesnt.13、-Lets play ping-pong. 14、-Do you like salad?-No, I dont have a ping-pong ball. -Yes, I do. (No, I dont.-Well, let play volleyball. -He likes bananas.-That sounds good. but she doesnt like ice cream.15、-How much is this T-shirt? 16、-When is your

25、 birthday?-Its seven dollars. -My birthday is (on November 12th .-How much are these shorts? -When is Liu Pings birthday?-They are three dollars. -Its (onOctober 15th .17、-Can I help you? -How old is he?-Yes, I want (to buy a sweater. -Hes thirteen.-What color do you want? 18、-Do you want to go to a

26、 movie?-Yellow. -Yes, I do.-Here you are. -What kind of movies do you like?-How much is it? -I like action movies and domentaries.-Eleven dollars. 19、-Can she speak English?-Ill take it. Thank you.(thanks. -Yes, she can.(No, she cant.-You are welcome. -Can you speak it well? -No, I cant.20、-What clu

27、b do you want to join? 21、-Why do you want to join the art club? -I want to join the basketball club. -Because I want to learn about art. 四、本册出现的短语first name 名字 last name/ family name 姓氏 phone number 电话号码 an ID card 一张身份证pencil case 铅笔盒 pencil sharpener 铅笔刀computer game 电脑游戏 play computer games玩电脑游戏

28、call sb.at 347-2365 给某人打347-2365 lost and found 失物招领a set of keys 一串钥匙 in English 用英语an eraser 一块铅笔擦 pen friend 笔友thanks for 为感谢 a photo of your family 你家人的照片on the sofa 在沙发上 behind the door 在门后next to the bookcase 在书柜旁边 in the drawer 在抽屉里under the chair 在椅子下 on the floor 在地板between the dresser and

29、the bookcase 在梳妆台和书柜之间an alarm clock 一只闹钟 video cassette 录象带soccer ball 英式足球 math book 数学书take sth to sb. 把拿(去给某人 bring sth. to sb. 把带(来给某人play basketball 打篮球 play ping-pong /table tennis 打乒乓球play volleyball 打排球 play soccer/football 踢足球play baseball 打棒球 play tennis 打网球tennis racket 网球拍 every day 每天p

30、lay/do sports做运动 watch TV 看电视watch sth. on TV 在电视上观看 French fries 炸薯条 ice cream 冰淇淋 some tomatoes 几个西红柿 Some photos 一些几张相片 lots of = a lot of 许多,大量 healthy food 健康食品. Have/eat chicken 吃鸡肉 have/eat breakfast 吃早饭 have/eat lunch 吃午饭 have/eat dinner(supper 吃晚饭 how much 多少钱 Here you are 给你 you're welcome 不客气 have a look at 看一看 bag for sports 运动包 two doll