环境科学专业词汇英语

1、精心整理 精心整理 环境工程专业英语 pollutio n 污染 acid rain cid rain 酸雨 in teracti on of systems 系统的交互作用 environmen tal problem 环境问题 en viro nmental disturba nee 环境破坏 biotic habitat 生物环境 sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫 n itroge n oxide 氧化氮 carb on dioxide 二氧化碳 primary air polluta nt 次大气污染物 sec on dary air polluta nt 二次大气污染物 mon

2、oxide 一氧化物 dioxide 二氧化物 trioxide 三氧化物 carb on mono xide 一氧化碳 carb on dioxide 二氧化碳 sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫 sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫 n itrous oxide 一氧化二氮 nitric oxide 一氧化氮 contaminant 污染物 strength 强度 foreig n matter 杂质 domestic sewage 生活污水 municipal wastewater 城市废水 microbe 微生物 microorganism 微生物 bacteria 细菌 to

3、tal solids 总固体 inorganic con stitue nts 无机要素 con tam in ati on 污染 recon tam in ati on 再污染 groundwater 地下水 surface water 地表 水 restrictio n 限制 colloid 胶体 screening 隔栅 coagulation flocculati on 絮凝 sedime ntatio n automobile exhaust 汽车尾气 in fectious diseases 有传染性的疾病 waterbor ne diseases 水传染的疾病 agraria n

4、 society 农业社会 in dustrial society 工业社会 in dustrial revoluti on 产业革命 urba ni zatio n 城市化 in dustrializatio n 工业化 developed country 发达国家 develop ing country 发展中国家 un developed country 落后国家 n itroge n dioxide 二氧化氮 carb on oxides 碳氮化物 sulfur oxides 硫氧化物 n itroge n oxides 氮氧化物 hydrocarbons碳氢化合物 photochem

5、ical oxida nts 光化学氧化物 particulates 颗粒物 inorganic compound 无机化合物 organic compound有机化合物 radioactive substa nee 放射性物质 heat热 noise 噪声 suspe nded solids (SS ) )固体悬浮物 volatile suspe nded solids (VSS) 挥发性 悬浮固体颗粒 orga nic matter 有机物质 total orga nic carb on, TOC 总有机碳 chemical oxyge n dema nd, COD 化学需氧量 bioch

6、emical oxyge n dema nd, BOD 生化需 氧量 biodegradable 可微生物分解的 chlori nati on 氯化消毒 prechlori nati on 氧消毒 aerati on softe ning 软化 carb on活性炭 adsorptio n 吸附 osmosis反渗透淀 filtrati on 过滤 disi nfectio n 消毒 microbial degradati on 微生物降解 biological degradati on 生化降解 biofilm process 生物膜法 activated sludge process 活性

7、污泥法 attached-growth 吸着生长 suspended-growth 悬浮生长 shock load ing 冲击负荷 orga nic loadi ng 有机负荷 desali nati on 脱盐处理 mixed liquor suspe nded solids 混合液悬 浮固体 metabolize 使代谢化 metabolism新陈代谢 dissolved oxyge n 溶解氧 pretreatme nt process 预处理工艺 primary clarifier 初沉池 equalizati on bas in 均质池凝聚 沉 预加氯 ozon ati on 曝气

8、 activated reverse 精心整理 biological treatme nt process -艺 aerati on bas in 曝气池 sec on dary clarifier biomass生物质 solid waste 固体废 物 municipal城市化 in dustrial Lan dfilli ng 生物处理工 二沉池 agricultural 的 hazardous 危险的 reside ntial 住宅的 incin erati on: 农业 compacti on:压实， san itary Ian dfill 垃圾 mun icipal waste e

9、n ergy recovery 工业的 土地填埋 紧凑 卫生填埋 bala nee 剩下的, heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌 autotrophic bacteria 自养菌 hydraulic retention time (HRT) 留时间 sludge reside nee time (SRT) commercial 商业的 putrescibl e e 易腐烂 的 combustible 易燃的 焚烧 compost ing: 水力停 污泥停留时间 flammable可燃的 explosive 易爆的 radioactive 放射性 的 堆肥 余额，结余 batc

10、h-fed 分批投料 refus 城市垃圾 能量回收 perform:执行 shut dow n: 关闭 in complete combustio n an aerobic厌氧硝化 中英互译短语 Biological degradatio n aerati on bas in 曝气池 sludge blocs 污泥絮体 dissolved oxyge n 溶解氧 suspended-growth 悬浮生长 biofilm 生物膜 well-compacted Ian dfill mass-burning大量燃烧 fluidized fed in carcerati on 温室效应 green

11、house effect world carb on budget 天气自然波动 natural fluctuations 腐烂 Putrefied 甲烷 methane climatic model 正常浓度：normal concentration determining factor 光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants sulfur-co ntai ning 放射性物质：radioactiue substanee oxidati on 湿式氧化 不完全燃烧 生化降解 combustion 燃烧 volume reduction 体积缩小 equalizati on

12、 bas in settli ng tank pulverized refuse 沉淀池 调节池 垃圾破碎 压实填埋场 nu trie nt source 营养源 硫化床燃烧法 soil con diti oners 由 co2co2 引起的 caust by CO2 全球变暖 global warming 臭氧层 ozone layer 严重污染物：heavily polluted 土壤改良剂 世界碳预算the 厌氧的an aerobic 气候模型 决定因素： 液体微滴：liquid particulates 汽车尾气:automobile exhaust wet 1 1、 Environm

13、ent is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that 含硫的： which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste . 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环 境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。 2、 Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that

14、 can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humansor other living organisms污染可以定义为大气、水或者土壤在物理、化学或者生物方面的特征所产生的不愉快的变化，它 对人类的健康、生存和活动或者其他的有机体都产生了有害的影响 。 精心整理 3、 Two examples of i nteractio n betwee n systems that cause major en vir onmen tal disturba nces are prese nted-the buildup of

15、atmospheric carb on dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rai n problem, no rmally of regional nature目前大气中二氧化碳的增多，是一个全球性的问题，还有酸雨问题，一般来说它都具有一定的区域 特性，这就是两个关于系统之间的相互联系而产生重大环境问题的例子。 4、 With these improveme nts, however, have come disturb ing side effects, such as lost arable land, disappearing forests

16、, environmental pollution, and new orga ni sms resista nt to con trols. 经过这些进步，尽管还是有一些破坏性的影响，例如耕地、森林的消失，环境的污染和新的生物反抗的控制 5、 Both phe nomena, urba ni zati on and in dustrializati on, were and are fun dame ntal causes of water and air polluti on which the cities of that time were unable to handle. 城市化和

17、工业化两者的现象，是 过去和现在水污染和大气污染的根本 原因，在过去这些城市是处理不了的 6、 Rapid adva nces in tech no logy for the treatme nt of water and the partial treatment of wastewater took place in the developed countries over the next few decades.在接下来的几十年理发达国家，在水治理和部分废水治理技术方面都取得了快速的进展 。 1、 What Is Air Pollution? Air pollution is norm

18、ally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high eno ugh concen tratio ns to harm huma ns, other animals, vegetation or materials. There are two major types of air pollutants .A primary air pollutant is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concen trati on. It

19、can be a n atural air comp onent, such as carb on dioxide, that rises above its no rmal concen trati on, or somethi ng not usually found in the air, such as a lead compo un demitted by cars bur ning leaded gasoli ne. A sec on dary air polluta nt is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through

20、 a chemical reaction among air components. Serious air pollution usually results over a city or other area that is emitting high levels of pollutants during a period of air stagnation. The geographic location of someheavily populated cities, such as Los An geles and Mexico City, makes them particula

21、rly susceptible to freque nt air stag nati on and polluti on buildup 什么是大气污染？大气污染一般定义为 含有一种或多种浓度足够高得而且对人类、其他动物、植物或者物质产生有害影响的物质，有两种主要类型的大气污染，一次 大气污染是一种化学物质直接排放到大气中并达到一定的有害浓度，他可以是空气仲的自然组分，例如二氧化碳，当它的浓度 升高到超过它的正常值时，或者一些平常在大气中找不到的组分，例如汽车燃烧含铅汽油而导致大气中散发岀一些化合物。二 精心整理 次大气污染物是指在大气中通入现有组分间发生的化学反应而产生的一种有害化学物质。

22、严重的大气污染通常是在静风条件下 经过一段时间后结果一个城市或其他地区的大气中有高浓度的污染物。 一些人口非常稠密的城市的地理位置， 例如洛杉矶和墨 西哥的地理位置，使得它们经常特别易受空气流动停滞和污积物的增加的影响。 1 1、 The most severe consequenee of CO2induced global warming would be melting of the polar ice caps and he subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plai ns. 二氧化碳导致全球变暖最严重的

23、后果将会是两极冰块的融化和海平面的上升以及沿海地区洪 水的泛滥。 2、 Although global warming from the already elevate levels of atmospheric CO2has been predicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed. 虽然全球气候变暖已经是通过大气仲 CO2的浓度升高而被许多气候模型而预测得到，如 此的一种变暖还没有以经验为主地观察 3 3、 Although they indicate trends in

24、 average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortun ately coin cide with in creased in dustrializatio n and polluti on 虽然他们指出表面温度和气候的平均趋势，但是他们不幸地与工业化增加和污染相一致 4 4、 High biomass systems: Manycurrent approaches to high biomass system employ a comb in ati on of fixed film suspe nded biomass in the

25、process. High biomass systems have gained a certa in popularity in Europe. During the past few years, a number of investigations undertaken in the Federal Republic of Germa ny have bee n reported. AmonQhe adva ntages attributed to such systems have been improvements in nitrification performanee, slu

26、dge settleability, and efflue nt quality. 高生物质系统：现在很多应用在高生物质系统的方法是生物质固定膜上的组合工艺法。 高生物质系统在欧洲得到了广泛的普及，在过去的几年里，由德国联邦政府着手的大量调查研究都被报道，在这样的优势归因 于系统已经改善了硝化性能，污泥的沉降性和岀水水质 5、 Reas ons for select ing high biomass systems over con structi on of additi onal aeratio n tanks and clarifiers(or other sec on dary tre

27、atme nt process) in clude reduced space requireme nts, in creased process stability, and capital/operat ing cost sav in gs. 选择高生物质系统的原因是在传统的曝气池和澄清池或者其他 二次处理工艺的构筑物中都有减少空间的需要，增加工艺的稳定性能和节省操作费用 6 6、 High biomass systems call for installation of supplemental equipment over that contained in a conven ti o

28、nal activated sludge pla nt, More in stalled equipme nt gen erally implies more maintenan ce, and, to some exte nt, this is true for someof the systems. In addition, the presenee of both suspended and fixed biomass forms and higher biomass concentrations may require a certa in level of additi onal o

29、perator time to achieve optimum system performanee.高生物质系统需要安装辅助设精心整理 备在那些常规的活性污泥厂里面，很多安装的设备一般需要较多的维修费 用，在某些程度上，对于一些系统来说这是真的，除此之外，现场的悬浮和固定的生物质的形式和高生物质浓度都需要一个合 适程度的额外操作时间来达到最佳的系统性能。 7 7、 The presenee of inert support media and higher biomass concentrations in these systems can in crease overall power

30、con sumpti on. To achieve desired mixi ng patter ns in retrofitted aerati on tan ks, power in put may have to be in creased. Also, the prese nee of additi onal biomass in creases system oxyge n requireme nts which, in turn, requires additi onal power in put. I n additi on, high biomass systems gen e

31、rally yield higher levels of nitrification, which also can affect overall power consumption. Such factors should be addressed whe n an alyz ing operati ng costs. 这些系统的惰性支 持介质和较高的生物量集中的岀现能增加全部的耗电量。 为了达到在曝气池改进理想混合模型，使输入有力量可能必须被增加。 同时另外生物量的岀现增加系统氧需求，依次需要额外的电源输入。除此之外，高生物质系统一般达到较高的硝化水平，也能 影响全部的耗电量。当分析操作费用的时候，如此的因素应该被提到。 英译中 1、 Typical waste gen erati on facilities, activities, or locatio ns associated with each of these sources are prese nted in Tablei. The types of wastes gen erated, which are discussed n ext, are also ide ntified. 固体废 弃物的来源与设备、活动和土地有关的每一个这些来源在 Table