浅析英语中的省略现象

1、英语中的英语中的省略现象省略现象The ellipsis in EnglishThe ellipsis in English在英语中，为了避免重复，句子在英语中，为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分经常省略，给考生中的某些部分经常省略，给考生的理解增加了困难。在近几年的的理解增加了困难。在近几年的NMETNMET中，省略现象十分常见中，省略现象十分常见, ,为为帮助考生更好地迎战高考，现对帮助考生更好地迎战高考，现对省略现象总结如下省略现象总结如下: :简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1 1、省略主语、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略。祈使句中主语通常省略。(1) (You) Be seated, ple

2、ase.(2) ( I ) Thank you for your help. (3) (It) Doesnt matter.(4) ( I ) Beg your pardon.简单句中的省略简单句中的省略2 2、省略主、省略主/ /谓或主谓语的一部分谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking .(2) (Is there) Anything else ?(3) (You come) This way,please.(4) (Will you) Have a smoke ?(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?简单句中的省略简单

3、句中的省略2 2、省略宾语、省略宾语(1)- Do you know Miss Gao? - I dont know (her).(2)- Which of them is the better choice? - Well, its hard to tell (it).简单句中的省略简单句中的省略4、省略表语、省略表语 (1) Are you thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty).(2) His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).5、同时省略几个成分同时省略几个成分 (1)- Are you feeling bett

4、er now? - (Im feeling) Much better (now).(2) -Have you finished your work ? -(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.简单句中的省略简单句中的省略6. 其他一些省略结构其他一些省略结构1) 名词所有格修饰的名词名词所有格修饰的名词,若表示住宅若表示住宅/店铺店铺/教堂教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。省略。We spent the weekend at the Blacks (familly).2) 感叹句中感叹句中, ,常可省

5、略主语常可省略主语itit和和bebe动词动词 What a wonderful victory (it is)!简单句中的省略简单句中的省略3) 不定式省略不定式省略, ,单独使用不定式符号单独使用不定式符号totoa)代替动词不定式后被省略的代词代替动词不定式后被省略的代词, ,常在常在bebe afraid,cxpect,forget,hope,intend,like,loveafraid,cxpect,forget,hope,intend,like,love, , mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wishmean,prefer,refuse,seem,

6、try,want,wish等后边等后边. . I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to (see the film).b)在在have, need, ought, be going. usedhave, need, ought, be going. used等后等后 I didnt want to go there, but I had to (go there) .简单句中的省略简单句中的省略c)在某些形容词在某些形容词, ,glad,happy,pleased,delightedglad,happy,pleased,delighte

7、d等后等后-Will you join the game? -Id be glad to (join the game) .d)否定句形式的省略用否定句形式的省略用nottonotto-Shall you go instead of him? -I prefer not to (go there) .e)如果不定式中含有如果不定式中含有be,have,havebe,have,have been been通常保留通常保留be,havebe,have和和have beenhave been简单句中的省略简单句中的省略-Are you a sailor? -No, but I used to be.

8、 -He hasnt finished yet. -Well, he ought to have.注注:1):1)主语从句中有动词主语从句中有动词dodo, ,后面作表语的不定式后面作表语的不定式的的toto可带可不带。可带可不带。 All we can do now is (to) wait.注注: 2) 某些使役动词某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官及感官动词动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等等）后面作宾语补足语的不定后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去式一定要省去 to, 但在被动

9、语态中须将但在被动语态中须将to 复原。复原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.简单句中的省略简单句中的省略复合句中的省略复合句中的省略(1)(1)定语从句中作宾语的关系代定语从句中作宾语的关系代that,which,whomthat,which,whom常可以省略常可以省略; ;当先行词是当先行词是time,reason,place

10、time,reason,place 时时作状语的关系副词作状语的关系副词when,why,wherewhen,why,where也可以省去也可以省去. . This is the first time (when) he had trouble with the boss.(2)(2)当当whwh- -连接代连接代/ /副词引导宾语从句且后边的内容副词引导宾语从句且后边的内容与前边重复时与前边重复时, ,可以把重复的内容省去可以把重复的内容省去, ,而保留而保留whwh- -连接代连接代/ /副词副词. . Tom was sad, but I dont know why (he was sa

11、d). 复合句中的省略复合句中的省略(3)(3)状语从句中的省略现象状语从句中的省略现象 一般来说，省略现象多出现与下列五种从句中一般来说，省略现象多出现与下列五种从句中: : a)a)时间状语从句时间状语从句 b)b)条件状语从句条件状语从句 c)c)让步从句让步从句 d)d)比较状语从句比较状语从句 e)e)方式状语从句方式状语从句 1)1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和动词省略状语从句中的主语和动词bebe，这时从句中可，这时从句中可出现如下结构：出现如下结构： a.连词连词(as,as if,once(as,as

12、if,once) )+ +名词名词Once (he was) a teacher,he now works in a government office.复合句中的省略复合句中的省略b. 连词连词thouhg,whether,whenthouhg,whether,when+ +形容词形容词 Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.c.连词连词(whether,as if,while(whether,as if,while) )+ +介词短语介词短语 He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search

13、 of something.d. 连词连词(when,while,though(when,while,though) )+ +现在分词现在分词 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.复合句中的省略复合句中的省略e. 连词连词(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until, , than)than)+ + 过去分词过去分词The exhibintion is more interesting than(it was) exp

14、ected.f.连词连词(asif,as thouhg(asif,as thouhg) )+ + 不定式不定式He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.2) 2) 当从句中的主语是当从句中的主语是itit，谓语动词中又含有系动，谓语动词中又含有系动词词bebe时，可以把时，可以把itit和和bebe一起省略。构成一起省略。构成: : 连词连词(if, (if, unless, when, whenever)unless, when, whenever)+ +形容词形容词Unless (it is) necessary, youd better no

15、t refer to the dictionary.3)3)连词连词ifif在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。语序有变化。(1) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better.(3)Should there be a flood, what should we do?4)4)if so/not if so/not 可用可用so/notso/not代替上文内容代替上文内容 Get up early tom

16、orrow. If not (=you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus. 复合句中的省略复合句中的省略复合句中的省略复合句中的省略 He may not be at home then if so (=he is not at home), leave him a note.注注: :so/notso/not可代替被省略的某个词可代替被省略的某个词, ,词组或句子常词组或句子常 代替代替be afraid, believe, become, call, do, expect, fear, hear, hope, imagine,

17、say, see, speak, think, , suppose等后的宾语等后的宾语。-Is he the best student in the class? -I think so (=He is the best student in the class) . -I think not (= He is not the best student in the class). 5)主句和从句各有一些成分省略。主句和从句各有一些成分省略。The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).复合句中的省略复合句中的省略1.When first _

18、to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced分析：分析：when引导的时间状语从句，如果从句的主语和主句的引导的时间状语从句，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句中谓语部分有主语相同，且从句中谓语部分有be时，可以省略句中的主语和时，可以省略句中的主语和be，本句中本句中when后面省略了后面省略了these products were. 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a

19、 lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned分析：本句分析：本句when后面省略了后面省略了I was3. Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer? _?A. What forB. What is it C. How is itD. How come分析：第二个人不知道为什么要倒空抽屉，所以问为什么。What for（为什么）它的完整表达应是What are you go

20、ing to use the empty drawer for ?4. Im looking forward as much to her return as she herself to _ me.A.have seen B. seeing C. meet D. be met分析：本句后半部分分析：本句后半部分as she herself to _me是是as she herself is looking forward to seeing me的省略。的省略。6. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not _?A. Ourselves B.

21、 ours C. we D. us分析：分析： if not _ 是是if you dont turn to us 的省略。的省略。 7. Did you visit the museum last week ? No, we _, but we spent too much time shopping.A. could have B. could C. must have D. must分析：句中分析：句中we _是是we could have visited the museum last week.的省略形式的省略形式。8. Is your mother going to the sup

22、ermarket ? No, _.A. she doesnt B. shes cookingC. she gets by bus D. to a tailors shop分析：根据对话的语境，表明：我妈妈不打算分析：根据对话的语境，表明：我妈妈不打算去超市，而是去裁缝铺。去超市，而是去裁缝铺。to a tailors shop是是She is going to a tailors shop.的省略。的省略。 9. She may not be free today. _, well have to put the meeting off.A. If may B. If not C. If sh

23、e may not D. If she may not be free today分析：答语的前半部分的完整回答应是：分析：答语的前半部分的完整回答应是：If she is not free today. 1. _, I will help you with your work.A.If I am possible B. If it possible C. If possible D. Possible2. Do you follow me? Yes, _.A.it is good B. I will C. perfectly D. very good3. How are you gettin

24、g on with your work ? Oh, Im sorry. Things arent going so well as _.A.plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan4. Are you a teacher? No, but I _. I worked in a middle school for three years.A.amB. will C. doD. was5. How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010? There will be only a few, if _.A.m