直接引语和间接引语详解与练习

1、直接引语和间接引语一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语direct speech。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语indirect speech。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。Mr. Black said,bUSym布菜克先生说：我很忙直接引语Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。宾语从句是间接引语从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了 he, am那么改成了 was。现将

2、由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题，分述如下：二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词 that引导that在口语中常省去，that 从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要 作相应的变化。1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称如：I, me, my，mine,we， us，our， ours变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称you，your，yours变为和主句的间接宾语即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人 称相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称he

3、， him， his，she，her， hers, it，its, they, their，theirs，them变为间接引语时，人称不变。He said, I likeVtery much.他说： 我非常喜欢它t He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。I 改为 he, it 不变He said, You tmeithis story.他说： 你给我讲过这个故事。t He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。You改为I, me改为him, told 改为 had told)He sa

4、id to me,She sboftkhieryour room他对我说：她把书放在你的房间里去了。He told me that she had left her book in my room.他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。 She st she had her 不变，your t my2、 时态的变化1 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时直接引语-间接引语：一般现在时-一般过去时现在进行时-过去进行时现在完成时-过去完成时一般过去时-过去完成时过去完成时-过去完成时不变一般将来时-过去将来时般将来进行时-过去将来进行时般将来完成时-过去将来完成时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引

5、语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，动词时态相应变化表：He said, I usually watch TVSunday.他说：我常在星期天看电视 t He said that he usually watched TV on Sun day .他说他常在星期天看电视。He said, Im usingknhfe.他说： 我正在用小刀。t He said that he was us ing the knife.他说他正在用小刀。She said, I have not heard from him sMay.她说：自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。f Sh

6、e said that she had not heard from him si nee May.她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来 信。|He said, “ I came to helpou.他说： 我来帮助你。 f He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。He said, I had finished my homework befsupper.他说：晚饭前我己做完了作业。f He said that he had fini shed his home work before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。 Zhou Lan s

7、aid, Ill do it stasis.周兰说：下课后我就去做。f Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。He said, I shall be doing my homework then.他说：那时我将正在做作业。f He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。He said, “ We shall have finished the worktbat time.他说： 我们将在那时以前完成工作。 f He said that t

8、hey should have finished th e work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工 作。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said,“ The eBJittdis 老师说：地球是圆的。f The teacher said that the earth is rou nd.老师说地球是圆的。He said, I was born in Shangdong in 196他说：我 1965 年生于山东。 f He said that he was born in

9、Shangdong in 1965.他说他 1965 年生于山东。He said, Columbus discoveAmiferica in 1492.他说： 哥伦布在 1492 年发现了美洲。f He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在 1492 年发现了美洲。(2)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变He says, I finished theork.他说： 我做完工作了。 He says that he finished the work.他说他做完工作了。He

10、 will say, I have wateredihrs.他会说：我己经浇花了。He will say he has watered the flowers.他会说他己经浇花了。3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见卜表：直接引语-间接引语this/these-that/those now- the n today-that day toni ght-that ni ghtthis week(month )-that week (month) yesterday-the day beforelast week (month-th week (month)before two weeks

11、 (month)ago-two weeks(months)beforetomorrow-the next daynext week (month the next week (month)指示代词，时间状语，地点状语Here-there动词:Come- go,bring- takeHe said,I met Mr. Smith thierning.他说 我今天早晨见到史密斯了He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning.他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。He said,We went to the cinemsterday.他说：我们昨天去电影院了。f

12、 He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。Lily said,I will come back nextth.莉莉说：我下个月回来。f Lily said that she would go back the n ext mon th.莉莉说她下一个月就回去。He said,It is nine ocionlow.他说:现在九点了。 t He said that it was nine oclock then.他说那时九点了。He said,I have nt seertodsy.他说：今天我没见到她。t

13、 He said that he had nt seen her that day 他说那天他没有见到她。She said,I went thesierday.她说：昨天我去了那儿。t She saidthat she had gone there the daybefore .她说前一天她去了那儿。She said,Ill go theomorrow.她说：明天我将去那儿。t She said that she would go there the n ext day.她说第二天她将去那儿。He said,My sister was here three (Ogox他说：三天前我妹妹在这儿。

14、t He said that his sister had bee n there three days before .他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here t thereago t before)She said, I will come here evening.她说：今晚我将来这儿。t She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。(comeT go;here t there this t that以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, com

15、e也不必改为 go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。Father said, I am free thisafternoon 父亲说：我今天下午有空。 t Father said that he was free this after noon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。He said, I am going tttereorrow. 他说 我明天去那里。He said that he was going there tomorrow.他说他明天去那里。巧记:去掉引号

16、加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。1直接引语是一般冋句|变为间接引语时，须用连接词 whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果 主句中的谓语动词为 said，那么将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一 个间接宾语 me, him, her, them, us 等。She said, Is faiber an engi

17、neer?她说：你父亲是工程师吗 ？t She asked mewhether my father was an engin eer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。The teacher said to Li Mi ng,you iiHshed your homework?老师对李明说：你做完作业了吗？t The teacher asked Li Mi ng whether he had fini shed his homework.老师问李明是否已做完作 业了。2、直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where,when, who,

18、how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式 的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said,那么将其改为askedo巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does)、did，要去掉。“ What do you do every Sun day morning? my frien dsaid tome.我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你做什么？ t My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning.我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什 么。“ Where have you bee n, Li Min g? the

19、teacher asked 老师问道：你上哪里去了，李明 ？ t The teacher asked Li Mi ng where he had bee n.老师问李明曾去过哪儿。|I asked her,“ How many English books will yaread next term? 我问她说：下学期你将读多少本英语书？ t i asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我问她下学期将读多少本 英文书。“ When did you get up this morning? asked my fat

20、her.我父亲问道：今天早晨你什么时候起床的?ft My father asked me wh en I had got up that morning.我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。注意： 直接引语里是： Whats wrong with ?/Whats the matter?/Whats the trouble?/What hashappe ned?等特殊疑问句时，间接引语的语序不变。He said to her “ Whathsmatter with you? 他问她 你怎么了？ He asked her what was the matter with her.他问她怎么了。四、直接引语是祈使句巧记：去掉引号要加 to; ask, order须记住，直引右是否